Health Care Access for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Williamson ◽  
Graciela M. Contreras ◽  
Erica S. Rodriguez ◽  
Jennifer M. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth A. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Care Access

Adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience health disparities. To address disparities, Healthy People 2020 includes specific disability and health goals focused on improving health care access. The study’s purpose was to review the literature exploring health care access for adults with IDD to identify opportunities for occupational therapy research and practice. A scoping review was completed of articles discussing health care access among adults with IDD in the United States. Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results are framed using the ecology of human performance theory identifying person and environmental issues affecting health care access of adults with IDD. Opportunities exist for occupational therapy to improve participation and health of adults with IDD through engaging in research and practice efforts addressing health care access. Occupational therapy could develop interventions to establish skills and abilities and recommend changes to the health care environment.

Becoming Anti-Racist Occupational Therapy Practitioners: A Scoping Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153944922110199
Author(s):  
Julia Sterman ◽  
Janet Njelesani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Care Access

The ongoing racism pandemic in the United States negatively impacts the health, safety, and occupations of Black, Indigenous, and/or People of Color. Although occupational therapy (OT) practitioners have a pressing obligation to actively address racism’s causes and consequences, they lack guidance on what to do. This scoping study sought to identify and synthesize existing knowledge on ways OT practitioners and the profession can engage in anti-racist actions. Six databases were searched for content related to OT and anti-racism. The 31 included articles indicated that OT practitioners should: engage in reflexivity on ways their power and privilege impact therapeutic relationships, use inclusive models, consider how racism can impact client occupations and health care access, and address structural racism through advocacy and occupations as means. Although being anti-racist is a lifelong process, strategies within this study can support OT practitioners and the profession to initiate concrete anti-racist actions.

State-Level Sexism and Women’s Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Kristen Schorpp Rapp ◽  
Vanessa V. Volpe ◽  
Hannah Neukrug
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barriers To Health

Objectives. To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women in the United States. Methods. We merged a multidimensional state-level sexism index compiled from administrative data with the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; n = 10 898) to test associations between exposure to state-level sexism and barriers to access, availability, and affordability of health care. Results. Greater exposure to state-level sexism was associated with more barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, but not non-Hispanic White women. Affordability barriers (cost of medical bills, health insurance, prescriptions, and tests) appeared to drive these associations. More frequent need for care exacerbated the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to care for Hispanic women. Conclusions. The relationship between state-level sexism and women’s barriers to health care access differs by race/ethnicity and frequency of needing care. Public Health Implications. State-level policies may be used strategically to promote health care equity at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455 )

Sexually Transmitted Infections in the U.S. Military: A Sexual Health Paradigm to Address Risk Behaviors, Unintended Pregnancy, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie B Boyer ◽  
Charlotte A Gaydos ◽  
Amy B Geller ◽  
Eric C Garges ◽  
Sten H Vermund
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Military ◽  
Universal Health

ABSTRACT To address the ongoing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) conducted a consensus study on STI control and prevention in the United States to provide recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. The culminating report identified military personnel as one of the priority groups that require special consideration given the high prevalence of STIs and their associated behaviors (e.g., concurrent sexual partners and infrequent condom use) that occur during active duty service. Universal health care access, the relative ease and frequency of STI screening, and the educational opportunities within the military are all assets in STI control and prevention. The report offers a comprehensive framework on multiple and interrelated influences on STI risk, prevention, health care access, delivery, and treatment. It also provides an overview of the multilevel risk and protective factors associated with STIs that could be applied using a sexual health paradigm. The military context must integrate the multilevel domains of influences to guide the effort to fill current gaps and research needs. The Department of Defense, with its large clinical and preventive medicine workforce and its well-established universal health care system, is well positioned to enact changes to shift its current approach to STI prevention, treatment, and control. STI control based on highlighting behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences on service members’ sexual health and wellness may well drive better STI care and prevention outcomes.

scholarly journals Engaging African American Veterans with Health Care Access Challenges in a Community Partnered Care Coordination Initiative: A Qualitative Needs Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supp) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Adriana Izquierdo ◽  
Michael Ong ◽  
Felica Jones ◽  
Loretta Jones ◽  
David Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Care System

Background: Little has been written about engaging potentially eligible members of a health care system who are not accessing the care to which they are entitled. Know­ing more about the experiences of African American Veterans who regularly experi­ence health care access challenges may be an important step toward equitable, coordi­nated Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care. This article explores the experiences of African American Veterans who are at risk of experiencing poor care coordination.Design: We partnered with a community organization to recruit and engage Veterans in three exploratory engagement workshops between October 2015 and February 2016.Participants and Setting: Veterans living in South Los Angeles, CaliforniaMain Outcome Measures: Veterans were asked to describe their experiences with community care and the VHA, a division of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Field notes taken during the workshops were analyzed by community and academic partners using grounded theory methodol­ogy to identify emergent themes.Results: 12 Veterans and 3 family members of Veterans participated in one or more en­gagement workshops. Their trust in the VA was generally low. Positive themes included: Veterans have knowledge to share and want to help other Veterans; and connecting to VA services can result in positive experi­ences. Negative themes included: functional barriers to accessing VA health care services; insensitive VA health care environment; lack of trust in the VA health care system; and Veteran status as disadvantageous for accessing non-VA community services.Conclusions: Veterans living in underserved areas who have had difficulty accessing VA care have unique perspectives on VA services. Partnering with trusted local com­munity organizations to engage Veterans in their home communities is a promising strategy to inform efforts to improve care access and coordination for vulnerable Vet­erans.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2):475-484; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.475.

scholarly journals The Role of Immigration in the Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Jane J. Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jun Kim ◽  
Karen Fredriksen Goldsen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) aging research is growing around the globe. Yet, few studies have examined the interconnectedness of different populations and cultures. This study examines whether LGBT foreign-born older adults experience greater health disparities than their U.S.-born counterparts. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study: Aging with Pride from 2014, which assessed measures of health and well-being among LGBT adults aged 50 years and older ( n = 2,441). We compared sociodemographic characteristics, health-care access, health behaviors, and health outcomes between foreign-born and U.S.-born participants. Foreign-born LGBT older adults reported greater socioeconomic disadvantage and higher levels of experiencing barriers to health-care access than U.S.-born LGBT older adults. Groups did not significantly differ in health behaviors and health outcomes when controlling for sociodemographic factors. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that shape the relationship between migration and health among the LGBT population is warranted.

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