The Selection of an Augmentative System in Communication Intervention: A Critique of Decision Rules

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Reichle ◽  
George Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Communication Intervention ◽  
Graphic Communication ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Selection Of

Sets of augmentative decision rules used to determine a learner's candidacy for an augmentative communication system were reviewed and critiqued. Particular scrutiny was given to criteria addressing certain cognitive acquisitions and the identification of a significant communication deficit(s) as prerequisites to system implementation. A case is presented to support the use of an augmentative communication system as a preventive treatment and a potential facilitator of language comprehension skills. An alternative approach to traditional decision rules that involves the implementation of procedures that allow the simultaneous scrutiny of graphic (communication board), gestural (sign), and vocal communicative modes is proposed.

The Match between Reinforcer Class and Response Class: Its Influence on Communication Intervention Strategies

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Reichle ◽  
Linda Lindamood ◽  
Jeff Sigafoos
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Communication Intervention ◽  
Response Class ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Reinforcement Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

Reinforcement principles applied to language intervention have attended primarily to the “power” of the reinforcer selected rather than the match between the reinforcer and topography of the behavior being taught. Stokes and Baer (1977) emphasized the use of natural maintaining contingencies. This emphasis has resulted in a number of investigations that have attempted to discern the effect(s) that the functional relationship between stimulus and reinforcer might have upon the acquisition of language comprehension and production skills. This article reviews this literature, offers methodological considerations in the selection of reinforcer/response relations, and discusses the possible effect that such reinforcement strategies have on learning to comprehend language as well as learning to produce language to both request and provide information.

Implementasi Algoritma MAX-MIN Ant System pada Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
William Aprilius ◽  
Lorentzo Augustino ◽  
Ong Yeremia M. H.
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Ant System ◽  
University Course Timetabling ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Course Timetabling Problem ◽  
University Course ◽  
Selection Of

University Course Timetabling Problem is a problem faced by every university, one of which is Universitas Multimedia Nusantara. Timetabling process is done by allocating time and space so that the whole associated class and course can be implemented. In this paper, the problem will be solved by using MAX-MIN Ant System Algorithm. This algorithm is an alternative approach to ant colony optimization. This algorithm uses two tables of pheromones as stigmergy, i.e. timeslot pheromone table and room pheromone table. In addition, the selection of timeslot and room is done by using the standard deviation of the value of pheromones. Testing is carried out by using 105 events, 45 timeslots, and 3 types of categories based on the number of rooms provided, i.e. large, medium, and small. In each category, testing is performed 5 times and for each testing, the data recorded is the unplace and Soft Constraint Penalty. In general, the greater the number of rooms, the smaller the unplace. Index Terms—ant colony optimization, max-min ant system, timetabling

scholarly journals Malaria intermittent preventive treatment in Nigeria: a qualitative study to explore barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Mahmud Muhammad ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Haniye Sadat Sajadi ◽  
Mahboubeh Parsaeian ◽  
Abraham Assan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background While the use of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) is effective in preventing malaria infection during pregnancy, there are challenges limiting its uptake in Nigeria. This study aimed at exploring the barriers to IPTp usage among pregnant women in Kano state - Nigeria. Methods This is a qualitative study. The purposive sampling strategy was used for identification and selection of 14 key informants for interviews. In addition, six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with pregnant women (3 FGDs) and married men (3 FGDs). The conventional content analysis method was used to interpret meaning from the content of the data. MAXQDA 10 software was used for data management and analysis. Results Poor policy implementation, poor antenatal care attendance, inadequate access to intermittent preventive treatment at the community levels, lack of sustainable funding, and poor community engagement emerged as major barriers to IPTp use in Nigeria. Conclusion While the political will to allocate sufficient financial resources could help improve service delivery and IPTp usage among pregnant women, community participation is critical to sustain the gains.

Election Criteria for the Adoption of an Augmentative Communication System

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C. Shane ◽  
Anthony S. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Case Data

Criteria for determining candidacy for an augmentative communication system are reviewed. Included is a consideration of cognitive, oral reflex, language, motor, intelligibility, emotional, chronological age, previous therapy, imitative, and environmental factors. The multiple factors are arranged on a branching type decision matrix, which yields a decision to either elect, reject, or delay implementation of an augmentative communication system. Case data demonstrating application of the decision matrix are presented.

data a; * significance level; a=0.05; * variance of difference of two observations on the log scale; * sigmaW = within-subjects standard deviation; sigmaW=0.355; s=sqrt(2)*sigmaW; * total number of subjects (needs to be a multiple of 2); n=58; * error degrees of freedom for AB/BA cross-over with n subjects in total; n2=n-2; * ratio = mu_T/mu_R; ratio=1.00; run; data b; set a; * calculate power; t1=tinv(1-a,n-2); t2=-t1; nc1=(sqrt(n))*((log(ratio)-log(0.8))/s); nc2=(sqrt(n))*((log(ratio)-log(1.25))/s); df=(sqrt(n-2))*((nc1-nc2)/(2*t1)); prob1=probt(t1,df,nc1); prob2=probt(t2,df,nc2); answer=prob2-prob1; power=answer*100; run; proc print data=b; run; As an example of using this SAS code, suppose µ = 1, σ = 0.355, α = 0.05 and n = 58. The power (as a percentage) is calculated as 90.4. The required number of subjects to achieve a given power can easily be obtained by trial and error using a selection of values of n. An alternative approach is to use trial and error directly on the sample size n for a given power. For more on this see Phillips (1990) and Diletti et al. (1991), for example. 7.4 Individual bioequivalence As noted in Section 7.1, individual bioequivalence (IBE) is a criterion for deciding if a patient who is currently being treated with R can be

2003 ◽  
pp. 362-362
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Individual Bioequivalence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Based on MATLAB GUI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
Zihe Wang ◽  
Boyu Si ◽  
Jingwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Word List ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Training Tool

Abstract In clinical practice, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an effective training tool to improve the communication skills of individuals with language impairment, hearing impairment, and autism. However, there are few studies on the development of augmentative communication systems based on Mandarin Chinese in China. This study presents an augmentative communication system developed using the MATLAB GUI platform. The system consists of two parts: a learning part and a communication part, where the learning part provides the basis of the vocabulary content for the system, covering 5558 words, and its content is mainly a word list designed based on the content of special school language textbooks. The communication part provides the system with a complete discourse training content, mainly by arranging and combining the vocabulary content of the learning part to form a complete discourse. This aided communication system can expand the vocabulary of people with language expression disorders and improve their social communication skills. In addition, the effectiveness of the system was tested in a single-subject experiment, and the results showed that the augmentative communication system is effective in learning pronunciation, expanding vocabulary, and improving the social communication.

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