data a; * significance level; a=0.05; * variance of difference of two observations on the log scale; * sigmaW = within-subjects standard deviation; sigmaW=0.355; s=sqrt(2)*sigmaW; * total number of subjects (needs to be a multiple of 2); n=58; * error degrees of freedom for AB/BA cross-over with n subjects in total; n2=n-2; * ratio = mu_T/mu_R; ratio=1.00; run; data b; set a; * calculate power; t1=tinv(1-a,n-2); t2=-t1; nc1=(sqrt(n))*((log(ratio)-log(0.8))/s); nc2=(sqrt(n))*((log(ratio)-log(1.25))/s); df=(sqrt(n-2))*((nc1-nc2)/(2*t1)); prob1=probt(t1,df,nc1); prob2=probt(t2,df,nc2); answer=prob2-prob1; power=answer*100; run; proc print data=b; run; As an example of using this SAS code, suppose µ = 1, σ = 0.355, α = 0.05 and n = 58. The power (as a percentage) is calculated as 90.4. The required number of subjects to achieve a given power can easily be obtained by trial and error using a selection of values of n. An alternative approach is to use trial and error directly on the sample size n for a given power. For more on this see Phillips (1990) and Diletti et al. (1991), for example. 7.4 Individual bioequivalence As noted in Section 7.1, individual bioequivalence (IBE) is a criterion for deciding if a patient who is currently being treated with R can be

2003 ◽  
pp. 362-362
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Individual Bioequivalence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU DENGAN KETERAMPILAN BERMAIN FUTSAL PADA KLUB SATOE ATJEH FUTSAL ACADEMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulheri Is ◽  
Septi Hariansyah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Futsal is a team sport played by 2 teams of 5 people per team with details of 1 goalkeeper and 4 attacking players. The purpose of this game is to put the opponent's kegawang ball in, and against the opponent put the ball into his own goal. Based on the background of the problem formulated by the author, "How is the relationship of heart endurance to futsal playing training at the Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy Club?". Futsal at Club Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy. The method in this study is the descriptive correlational method. Based on the results of research and data processing between the endurance of the lungs with the ability to play futsal consisting of two test items, the results obtained can be obtained an average VO2MAX value of 11.2 and an average futsal playing ability of 14.25. The standard deviation value of 2.4 KM for the Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy Player is 0.667. And the standard deviation of Futsal Playing Skills on the Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy's Club Players is 1,161. Based on the analysis of the value of a significant relationship between running 2.4 KM to Futsal Playing Skills obtained at 0.714 with a strong relationship level. the t-count value of running 2.4 KM for Futsal Play Skills was 3.224, while the t-table with degrees of freedom 12-2 (dk = 10) at the significance level α = 0.05 was 1.812. This means that the t-value is greater than the t-table value. Abstrak   Futsal merupakan olahraga beregu yang dimainkan oleh 2 regu yang beranggotakan 5 orang tiap regu dengan rincian 1 orang penjaga gawang dan 4 pemain menyerang. Tujuan dari permainan ini yaitu memasukkan bola kegawang lawan, dan mencegah lawan memasukkan bola ke gawang sendiri. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang dirumuskan oleh penulis yaitu “bagaimanakah hubungan daya tahan jantung paru terhadap keterampilan bermain futsal pada Klub Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy?”. Adapun tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai oleh penulis untuk mengetahui hubungan daya tahan jantung paru terhadap keterampilan bermain Futsal pada Klub Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif korelasional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data antara daya tahan jantung paru dengan kemampuan bermain futsal yang terdiri dari dua  item tes telah diperoleh hasil sebagaimana dapat diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata VO2MAX yaitu 11,2 dan rata-rata keterampilan bermain futsal yaitu14,25. Perhitungan standar deviasi lari 2,4 KM  pada Pemain Klub Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy sebesar 0,667. Dan standar deviasi Keterampilan Bermain Futsal pada Pemain Klub Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy sebesar 1,161. Berdasarkan hasil analisis nilai hubungan yang signifikan antara lari 2,4 KM  terhadap Keterampilan Bermain Futsal diperoleh bahwa nilai korelasi tersebut sebesar 0,714 dengan tingkat hubungan Kuat. nilai t-hitung dari lari 2,4 KM  terhadap Keterampilan Bermain Futsal sebesar 3,224, sedangkan t-tabel dengan derajat kebebasan 12-2 (dk =10) pada taraf signifikasi α = 0,05 adalah sebesar 1.812. Hal ini berati nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel.   Kata Kunci: Daya Tahan Jantung Paru, Keterampilan Bermain Futsal,  Klub Satoe Atjeh Futsal Academy

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Palu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Maria Sisilia ◽  
Jamaluddin Sakung ◽  
Irwan Said
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this study is to determine the learning outcomes of students in the class which is treatedwith the cooperative learning model Jigsaw whether it is better than the untreated class on chemicalequilibrium topic. This study is a quasi-experimental research design with Non Randomized Pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is 245 students of class XI MIA withacademic year 2014/2015, from 8 classes. The sample in this study class XI MIA 5 (n = 32) as anexperimental class while class XI MIA 6 (n = 32) as a control class. The analysis of data obtained inthe experimental class, X1 1 valueis 79.66 with a standard deviation = 9.41. In the control class, X2valueis 70.03 with a standard deviation = 11.13. The result of hypothesisis found that tcalculated>ttable(5.53 > 1.67) with a significance level (α = 0.05) and degrees of freedom = 62. This shows that H0 isrejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes in class which is treated using the cooperative learning model Jigsaw is better than the untreated class on chemicalequilibrium topic.

A quantitative measure for the goodness of fit in profile refinements with more than 20 degrees of freedom

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ihringer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Model Independent

A quality indicator Nσ is defined that exhibits immediately the significance level of the result of a least-squares refinement. For a refinement with v degrees of freedom, Nσ = (M − ν)/(2ν)1/2 expresses the deviation of the deviance M from its expected value v in terms of its standard deviation (2ν)1/2. The deviance M is the sum of weighted squared differences between observed and model data. For any ν > 20, |Nσ | should be as small as possible; however, it should be < 3 for a sufficiently good refinement. Thus, Nσ is a quantitative measure for the conformity of data, their weights and the model, independent of the number of the degrees of freedom.

scholarly journals Effect of Application Cooperative Learning Model of Think-Pair-share (TPS) and Means –End Analysis (MEA) Types on Students Learning Outcomes of Tenth Grade on Redox Material at SMA Negeri 7 Palu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Diana Natalia ◽  
Kasmudin` Mustapa ◽  
Ratman Ratman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Static Group

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the application of the Think-pairs-Share and Means- Ends Analysis learning Achievement of a student on reduction-oxidation in class X at SMAN 7 Palu. This study was a ween experiment with a static group pretest-posttest design. This study was carried out by holding two groups of class X Science 1 as the experimental one group (n = 25) and class X science 2 as the experimental two groups (n = 28). Results of the data analysis showed the average value (X2) of the experimental one class was 68.56 with a standard deviation of 16.97 dan (X2) of the experimental two class was 56.14 with a standard deviation of 13.12. Based on the hypothesis test results with t-test statistical of two parties obtained –ttable ≤ tcount ≥ + ttable (tcount = 1.89 and ttable = 1.67) with a significance level of α= 0.05 and degrees of freedom of 51, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. It can be concluded that there was an effect of the application of the think-pairs–share and means-ends analysis learning model toward learning achievement of students in class X at SMAN 7 Palu on reduction-oxidation.

scholarly journals Effect of PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) Learning Method with Internet-Assisted on Learning Outcomes of Students SMA Labschool UNTAD Palu on Salt Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ersa W. Lakukua ◽  
Mery Napitupulu ◽  
Afadil Afadil
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study aimed to describe the effect of PQ4R learning methods with internet-assisted on students’ learning outcomes of class XI SMA Labschool UNTAD Palu on salt hydrolysis material. The type of research was quasi-experimental with a nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. This study was conducted with two groups, namely the XI IPA class 1 as the experimental group (n = 21) and the XI IPA class 3 as a control group (n = 23). The testing of the research data used a two-party t-test statistical analysis. The results of data analysis obtained that the average of an experimental class was 63.19 with a standard deviation of 7.37 and a control class was 57.22 with a standard deviation of 8.19. The results of testing the hypothesis with the two-party t-test statistics obtained -ttable<tcount> +ttable (tcount 2.54 and ttable 1.68) with a significance level (α) = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (dk) = 35. Based on the results testing of the hypothesis, it can be concluded that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. This means that the PQ4R learning method with internet-assisted has a positive effect on the learning outcomes of students class XI SMA Labschool UNTAD Palu.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Scramble Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Hidrokarbon di Kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Ilham Suliadi ◽  
Irwan Said ◽  
Minarni Rama Jura
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Model Type

This study aimed to obtain description in application the cooperative learning model type scramble on student’s learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material in class X SMAN 8 Palu. This type of research was quasi-experimental research. This study was conducted at two group, 27 students in class XB as an experimental group and 28 students in class XA as a control group. The testing of student’s learning outcomes data used the statistical analysis t-test of the two parties with the prerequisite test: normality test and homogeneity test. The results of the data analysis, it was obtained the average values of students in experiment class () was 72.40 with a standard deviation of 11.86 and students in control class () was 67 with a standard deviation of 12.03. Based on the results of testing hypotheses by statistical t-test two parties, it was obtained –ttable­<tcalculation> +ttable (tcalculation=2.37 and ttable=1.67)  with a significance level α = 0.05 and degrees of freedom 53, then H0 was rejected and ha was accepted. It can be concluded that there is the effect of applying the cooperative learning model type scramble toward student’s learning outcomes in the hydrocarbon material in class X SMA 8 Palu.

Implementasi Algoritma MAX-MIN Ant System pada Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
William Aprilius ◽  
Lorentzo Augustino ◽  
Ong Yeremia M. H.
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Ant System ◽  
University Course Timetabling ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Course Timetabling Problem ◽  
University Course ◽  
Selection Of

University Course Timetabling Problem is a problem faced by every university, one of which is Universitas Multimedia Nusantara. Timetabling process is done by allocating time and space so that the whole associated class and course can be implemented. In this paper, the problem will be solved by using MAX-MIN Ant System Algorithm. This algorithm is an alternative approach to ant colony optimization. This algorithm uses two tables of pheromones as stigmergy, i.e. timeslot pheromone table and room pheromone table. In addition, the selection of timeslot and room is done by using the standard deviation of the value of pheromones. Testing is carried out by using 105 events, 45 timeslots, and 3 types of categories based on the number of rooms provided, i.e. large, medium, and small. In each category, testing is performed 5 times and for each testing, the data recorded is the unplace and Soft Constraint Penalty. In general, the greater the number of rooms, the smaller the unplace. Index Terms—ant colony optimization, max-min ant system, timetabling

Selection of Degrees of Freedom for Dynamic Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Component Mode Synthesis ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
Static Condensation ◽  
Basis Vectors ◽  
Selection Of

A technique for the selection of dynamic degrees of freedom (DDOF) of large, complex structures for dynamic analysis is described and the formulation of Ritz basis vectors for static condensation and component mode synthesis is presented. Generally, the selection of DDOF is left to the judgment of engineers. For large, complex structures, however, a danger of poor or improper selection of DDOF exists. An improper selection may result in singularity of the eigenvalue problem, or in missing some of the lower frequencies. This technique can be used to select the DDOF to reduce the size of large eigenproblems and to select the DDOF to eliminate the singularities of the assembled eigenproblem of component mode synthesis. The execution of this technique is discussed in this paper. Examples are given for using this technique in conjunction with a general purpose finite element computer program GENSAM[1].

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