Acquisition and Maintenance of Toothbrushing Skills by Students with Cerebral Palsy and Mental Retardation

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E. Snell ◽  
A. Patrice ◽  
Ann Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
School Year ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Public School Classroom ◽  
Multiple Probe

Although partial participation is used widely within educational programs for persons having severe mental or motor disabilities, there are few studies that target partial participation of a task rather than independent performance. One variation of partial participation requires that caregivers perform the task components that are not motorically feasible for a person, while teaching the student to perform the remaining components. In this study, three toothbrushing tasks (brushing teeth, rinsing, and wiping mouth) were analyzed into steps, some which the teacher performed and others that were taught to the student. The participants were 3 elementary-aged students with quadriplegic cerebral palsy and severe to profound mental retardation. Intervention procedures included time delay to fade physical prompts, reinforcement, and error correction. Instruction occurred daily in a self-contained public school classroom over a single school year, with follow-up probes conducted during the subsequent 2 years. A multiple probe design across tasks was employed to evaluate treatment effects. Daily training data and probes of performance indicated that 2 of the 3 students reached criterion on all three tasks, while 1 student reached criterion on one task. All students maintained performance on one or more tasks when measured 4 and 19 months following intervention.

Teaching Meal Planning to Youth with Mental Retardation in Natural Settings

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gae S Arnold-Reid ◽  
Patrick J. Schloss ◽  
Sandra Alper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowances ◽  
Meal Planning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Multiple Probe

Meal planning is a critical area of development for persons diagnosed with mental retardation and/or mental illness. although substantial interest in meal planning has been shown by professionals in the field, there remains a need to validate instructional programs that enable persons with disabilities to plan healthful meals. the present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a meal planning training strategy on skills required for planning nutritious meals. the recommended dietary allowances of vitamins and minerals were used as criteria in measuring the healthful-ness of actual meals. a multiple probe design across individuals was used to evaluate the efficacy of the meal planning training. results indicated that the meal planning training procedures were effective in increasing healthy food choices and nutritional value of meals. all participants maintained 100% of the recommended dietary allowances, while keeping the total number of calories consumed per day at the level recommended for age and gender.

Progressive Time Delay Procedure for Teaching Motor Skills to Adults with Severe Mental Retardation

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Chen ◽  
Ernest Lange ◽  
Paul Miko ◽  
Jiabei Zhang ◽  
Daniel Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Progressive Time Delay ◽  
Multiple Probe

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the progressive time delay (PTD) procedure on teaching gross motor skills to adult males with severe mental retardation. A multiple probe design across three skills and replicated across 4 participants was utilized. Results indicated that a PTD procedure with a 0 to 5 s delay was effective in teaching 4 participants three gross motor skills (tee-ball batting, softball pitching, croquet striking) over a period of 13 weeks. Data on effectiveness were analyzed in terms of the number of instructional sessions (M = 9.58), the number of trials (M = 105.41), the number of min (M = 84.66), and the number of performing errors to criterion (M = 4.08%). A maintenance level (M = 96.87%) was also determined across 4 participants and three skills on the 1st, 4th, 14th, and 24th sessions after terminating the PTD instruction.

scholarly journals Adapting Behavioural Marital Therapy to the Needs of a Secondary Marriage: A Case Evaluation

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kelly ◽  
W. Kim Halford
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Therapy ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
Issue Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Probe ◽  
Post Therapy

This paper describes and evaluates the adaption of Behavioural Marital Therapy (BMT) to the needs of a couple in a secondary marriage (the husband was in his second marriage and brought three dependent children to this marriage). The couple presented with specific difficulties in negotiating parenting roles within the reconstituted family. BMT focused on promoting adaptive cognitions, affect and communication when discussing this specific issue. Evaluation used a multiple probe design assessing self-monitored stressful interactions about parenting, and daily marital satisfaction. Results showed significant reductions in the intensity and frequency of arguments from pre- to post-therapy, and increases in marital satisfaction. These gains were maintained at follow-up. Discussion focuses on future directions for adapting BMT to problems particular to secondary marriages.

Cardiology Fellowship Education in the Era of High-density Training, Data Tracking, and Quality Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Alex J Auseon ◽  
Albert J Kolibash ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ohio State University ◽  
Training Data ◽  
State University ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Data Tracking

Background:Educating trainees during cardiology fellowship is a process in constant evolution, with program directors regularly adapting to increasing demands and regulations as they strive to prepare graduates for practice in today’s healthcare environment.Methods and Results:In a 10-year follow-up to a previous manuscript regarding fellowship education, we reviewed the literature regarding the most topical issues facing training programs in 2010, describing our approach at The Ohio State University.Conclusion:In the midst of challenges posed by the increasing complexity of training requirements and documentation, work hour restrictions, and the new definitions of quality and safety, we propose methods of curricula revision and collaboration that may serve as an example to other medical centers.

scholarly journals Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: a nationwide study in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohee Lim ◽  
So Jin Yoon ◽  
Jeong Eun Shin ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
Soon Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract Background Despite the expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern. Purpose This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS, including treatment and follow-up, based on a nationwide study. Methods From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during their first year of life from 2013 to 2018. Neurosyphilis and complications were investigated using the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Results The birth rate of infants from mothers with syphilis was 2.8 per 10,000 live births for 5 years, which is not indicative of a decreasing trend. Overall, 148 infants were proven or highly probable or possible of having CS with treatment for 10 days; 66 infants were possible or less likely of having CS with only 1-day treatment. Jaundice (56 %) was common, followed by hearing impairment (14 %), renal disease (8 %), and mental retardation (8 %). Fourteen cases of neurosyphilis occurred. Infants with complications, including mental retardation, eye involvement, hearing impairment, or renal disease, were significantly associated with neurosyphilis (OR 8.49, P < 0.0001). Of 250 patients who received treatment, 92.8 % were treated with one medication: benzathine penicillin was used in 73 % of patients. Only four patients were re-treated due to treatment failure. In addition to the treponemal test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption was the most utilized tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Conclusions Establishing standardized guidelines for the evaluation of CS, as well as the establishment of treatment regimens and follow up-plans for the disease, at a national level would help improve maternal and neonatal care and facilitate the eradication of CS in Korea.

scholarly journals Motor learning-based activities may improve functional ability in adults with severe cerebral palsy: A controlled pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Helle Hüche Larsen ◽  
Rasmus Feld Frisk ◽  
Maria Willerslev-Olsen ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Learning Principles

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance characterized by impaired control of movement. Function often decreases and 15% of adults are classified as severely affected (Gross Motor Function Classification Scale III-V). Little is known about interventions that aim to improve functional abilities in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a 12-week intervention based on motor learning principles on functional ability in adults with severe CP. METHODS: 16 adults (36±10 years, GMFCS III-V) were enrolled and divided into an intervention group (Active group) and a standard care group (Control group). Primary outcome measure was Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88). Secondary measures were neurological status. The Active group were measured at baseline, after the intervention and at one-month follow-up. The Control group were measured at baseline and after one month. RESULTS: Analysis showed statistically significant improvement in GMFM-88 for the Active group from baseline to post assessment compared with the Control group (group difference: 5 points, SE 14.5, p = 0.008, CI: 1.2 to 8.7). Improvements were maintained at follow-up. Results from the neurological screening showed no clear tendencies. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides support that activities based on motor learning principles may improve gross motor function in adults with severe CP.

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