Screen Design: How to improve it

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1206-1206
Author(s):  
Carol Bergfeld Mills
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Wide Range

The objective of this symposium is to provide different perspectives on how screen design in computer systems can be improved. Screen design refers to the layout and format of all computer screen information. This includes tutorials, help panels, prompts, and messages. Since screen design affects how easily information can be retrieved or stored, it determines how effectively the computer system can be used. Finding ways to improve screen design should be an important goal in the development of virtually all interactive programs. Achieving good screen design is becoming even more important as programs are used by more people, particularly those not familiar with computers, and as more information is presented online. The presenters for this symposium provide a wide range of views, experiences, and approaches for improving screen design. As a result, they each contribute unique methods and suggestions. Annette Bradford provides guidelines and views of screen design based on her work as an information developer. Joe Dumas provides views of screen design based on his work as an interface analyst. David A. Schell provides views on usability testing of screen design. Thomas Tullis provides an alternative way of testing screen design with his research-based computer program.

Perangkat sumber daya manusia (brainware). S Mukhtar Ayubi Simatupang. PMM-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mukhtar Ayubi Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Database Administrator ◽  
System Analyst

AbstrakBrainware adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk manusia yang digunakan untuk manusia yang berhubungan dengan sistem komputer. Manusia merupakan suatu elemen dari sistem komputer yang merancang bagaimana suatu mesin dapat bekerja sesuai dengan hasil yang diinginkan. Tingkatan brainware terdiri atas system analyst, programmer, administrator, dan operator. Bagian bagian brainware terdiri atas operator komputer, teknisi, trainer, konsultan, project manager, programmer, grapic designer, spesialis jaringan, database administrator, dan system analitis. Kata Kunci : Brainware (Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia)AbstractBrainware is a term used for humans that is used for humans related to computer systems. Humans are an element of a computer system that designs how a machine can work in accordance with the desired results. The brainware level consists of system analysts, programmers, administrators, and operators. The brainware section consists of computer operators, technicians, trainers, consultants, project managers, programmers, grapic designers, network specialists, database administrators, and system analytics.Keywords: Brainware (Human Resources Tool)

Accountability in Computer Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses the relationship between AI systems and the concept of accountability. To understand accountability in the context of AI systems, one must begin by examining the various ways the term is used and the variety of concepts to which it is meant to refer. Accountability is often associated with transparency, the principle that systems and processes should be accessible to those affected through an understanding of their structure or function. For a computer system, this often means disclosure about the system’s existence, nature, and scope; scrutiny of its underlying data and reasoning approaches; and connection of the operative rules implemented by the system to the governing norms of its context. Transparency is a useful tool in the governance of computer systems, but only insofar as it serves accountability. There are other mechanisms available for building computer systems that support accountability of their creators and operators. Ultimately, accountability requires establishing answerability relationships that serve the interests of those affected by AI systems.

Comparison of search techniques (printed and computerised) with specific reference to the RTECS databank

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Costigan ◽  
Frances E. Wood ◽  
David Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Substructure Search ◽  
Search Techniques ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
Text Searching

A comparative evaluation of three implementations of a large databank, the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem ical Substances, has been carried out. The three implementa tions are: a printed index, a text searching computer system, and a computerised chemical databank system, with substruc ture searching facilities. Seven test queries were used, with the aim of drawing conclusions of general relevance to chemical databank searching. The computer systems were shown to have advantages over printed indexes for several of the queries, including those involving an element of browsing. Substructure search facilities were especially advantageous. Aspects of indexing of data present, and the criteria for inclusion of types of data, were also highlighted.

scholarly journals Application of Measurement Sensors and Navigation Devices in Experimental Research of the Computer System for the Control of an Unmanned Ship Model

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szelangiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Żelazny ◽  
Andrzej Antosik ◽  
Maciej Szelangiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Ship Model ◽  
Steering Characteristics ◽  
Unmanned Ship ◽  
Transport Vessel ◽  
Navigation Equipment

Unmanned autonomous transport vessels (MASS) are the future of maritime transport. The most important task in the design and construction of unmanned ships is to develop algorithms and a computer program for autonomous control. In order for such a computer program to properly control the ship (realizing various functions), the ship must be equipped with a computer system as well as measurement sensors and navigation devices, from which the recorded parameters are processed and used for autonomous control of the ship. Within the framework of conducted research on autonomous ships, an experimental model of an unmanned ship was built. This model was equipped with a propulsion system not commonly used on transport vessels (two azimuth stern thrusters and two bow tunnel thrusters), but providing excellent propulsion and steering characteristics. A complete computer system with the necessary measuring sensors and navigation devices has also been installed in the model of the ship, which enables it to perform all functions during autonomous control. The objective of the current research was to design and build a prototype computer system with the necessary measurement sensors and navigation devices with which to autonomously control the unmanned ship model. The designed computer system is expected to be optimal for planned tasks during control software tests. Tests carried out on open waters confirmed the correctness of the operation of the computer system and the entire measurement and navigation equipment of the built model of the unmanned transport vessel.

scholarly journals Estimating the number of usability problems affecting medical devices: modelling the discovery matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vandewalle ◽  
Alexandre Caron ◽  
Coralie Delettrez ◽  
Renaud Périchon ◽  
Sylvia Pelayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Usability Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Problem Detection

Abstract Background Usability testing of medical devices are mandatory for market access. The testings’ goal is to identify usability problems that could cause harm to the user or limit the device’s effectiveness. In practice, human factor engineers study participants under actual conditions of use and list the problems encountered. This results in a binary discovery matrix in which each row corresponds to a participant, and each column corresponds to a usability problem. One of the main challenges in usability testing is estimating the total number of problems, in order to assess the completeness of the discovery process. Today’s margin-based methods fit the column sums to a binomial model of problem detection. However, the discovery matrix actually observed is truncated because of undiscovered problems, which corresponds to fitting the marginal sums without the zeros. Margin-based methods fail to overcome the bias related to truncation of the matrix. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a matrix-based method for estimating the total number of usability problems. Methods The matrix-based model was based on the full discovery matrix (including unobserved columns) and not solely on a summary of the data (e.g. the margins). This model also circumvents a drawback of margin-based methods by simultaneously estimating the model’s parameters and the total number of problems. Furthermore, the matrix-based method takes account of a heterogeneous probability of detection, which reflects a real-life setting. As suggested in the usability literature, we assumed that the probability of detection had a logit-normal distribution. Results We assessed the matrix-based method’s performance in a range of settings reflecting real-life usability testing and with heterogeneous probabilities of problem detection. In our simulations, the matrix-based method improved the estimation of the number of problems (in terms of bias, consistency, and coverage probability) in a wide range of settings. We also applied our method to five real datasets from usability testing. Conclusions Estimation models (and particularly matrix-based models) are of value in estimating and monitoring the detection process during usability testing. Matrix-based models have a solid mathematical grounding and, with a view to facilitating the decision-making process for both regulators and device manufacturers, should be incorporated into current standards.

scholarly journals Marketing a Computer System: Implications of the Buyers' Decision Processes

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
T V Seshadri ◽  
N Kinra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Questionnaire Study

Who, in the organization, buys the computer system? How are various departments involved in the organizational decision process? T V Seshadri and N Kinra analyse the decision processes of 30 organizations that had bought a computer system—mini, mainframe, or macro. Based on a questionnaire study and factor analysis, the authors conclude that the EDP department and Board of Directors are critical in the buying grids of the purchasing organizations. They draw implications of their findings for managers marketing computer systems.

Cognitive Effects of Web Page Design

2000 ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Web Page Design ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Page Design

The advent of Web-based instruction, which relies upon hypertext models of interaction and design, reemphasizes the need for a clear understanding of how learners process and encode information presented in Web sites intended for instructional purposes. The unique nature of Web page design, mandated by constraints in the technology which limit student interactivity, and yet which support divergent exploration, necessitates a deeper consideration of how learners interact with various Web site design factors. The purpose of this chapter will be to address the cognitive implications of those factors. This chapter will not focus on specific graphic layout and design criteria or visual display specifications that have been extensively covered in the research literature on computer screen design. The intent, rather, is to review and discuss the major theoretical and design issues impacting contemporary instructional Web page design. It is essential however, to understand the basis for much of the Web page design that occurs currently, and that stems from much of the earlier work in computer screen design.

A Comparison with Other Approaches

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-187
Author(s):  
George A. Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Learning Science ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Learning Programs

What are the relative merits of instruction modeling and other approaches to the design of blended learning programs? This chapter discusses several prevailing approaches, including applied learning science, personalization, and the use of big data in education. Many programs are designed around a single claimed feature of good instruction; terming such thinking “featurism,” this chapter argues that it is reductionist and less likely to be successful than more comprehensive approaches (such as instruction modeling). However, instruction modeling is not simply an alternative to other approaches: as the example of cognitive psychology illustrates, instruction modeling can often be fruitfully combined with other methods. Just as good software developers blend different approaches (e.g., using usability testing and the psychology of attention in designing interfaces), good instructional designers should draw on a wide range of techniques. This chapter discusses how instruction modeling can work in concert with big data, natural language processing, and other important approaches.

The Use of Laboratory Computers in Monitoring Kinetic Enzyme Assays

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Phillip Hicks ◽  
R A Ziesemer ◽  
Norbert W Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Laboratory Computer ◽  
Linear Portion ◽  
Complete Automation

Abstract An online computer program to monitor kinetic enzyme assays is described. The program analyzes the kinetic data in a manner similar to the way a technologist handles data in a manual procedure, taking into account the lag phase, substrate depletion phase, and linear portion of the rate curve. Thus, complete automation of even complex kinetic assays has been made practical. The program has been implemented for routine use in a clinical laboratory computer system ("LABCOM"), and the results correlate well with those obtained by established methods of manual data-handling procedures

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