Effects of Age, Gender, Activation, Stimulus Degradation and Practice on Attention and Visual Choice Reaction Time

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Max Vercruyssen ◽  
Michael T. Cann ◽  
Joan M. McDowd ◽  
James E. Birren ◽  
Barbara L. Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stimulus Degradation ◽  
Reaction Task

This paper presents research conducted by the authors and others investigating the interaction of a variety of variables which are presumed to affect reaction time in hopes of obtaining much needed information on factors influencing age effects on attention and information processing. Reported is progress to date on an experiment which shows that the effects of age on central nervous system speed, as measured by visual choice reaction time, depends on many factors, including the gender, neural activation level, and skill of the subject as well as the stimulus quality and type of reaction task employed.

Sound Localization: Information Theory Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 905-909
Author(s):  
John S. Wallace ◽  
Donald L. Fisher ◽  
John Collura
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Three experiments were performed which examined the applicability of the Hick-Hyman law to the design of an auditory interface for a vehicle collision avoidance warning system. All trials used a single broadband noise signal emanating from one of a subset of six loudspeakers equally spaced around the subject in the azimuthal plane. Both the size of the sub-set and the balance of relative probabilities from speaker to speaker were altered to evaluate the relationship between information content and the dependent variable, choice reaction time. Choice reaction time was found to be related to the information content of the sound stimulus in all cases. It was also found to be related to the presence of pairs of speakers which were symmetrically opposed to one another in front of and behind the subject.

Short-Term Effect of Physical Exercise at Lactate Threshold on Choice Reaction Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kashihara ◽  
Yoshibumi Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Reaction Task

The duration of the enhancement of choice reaction task efficiency by physical exercise at lactate threshold was studied. After healthy male students completed the exercise or nonexercise (control) period for 10 min., they performed a three-choice reaction task for 20 min. The mean heart rate during the choice reaction task after the exercise was higher than that after the control period ( p<.05). For average percentage of correct answers, there were no significant differences between the exercise and control conditions. The reaction time during the first 8 min. of the 20-min. choice reaction task after the exercise period was less than that after the control period and increased gradually thereafter. In conclusion, whereas the choice reaction time was improved by physical exercise at around lactate threshold, the positive effects were seen mainly in the early stages of the task.

Fractionated Reaction Time as a Function of Magnitude of Force in Simple and Choice Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Premotor Time ◽  
Force Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

The present study examined whether varying magnitude of force required to perform an isometric response influences fractionated reaction time in simple and choice conditions and whether reaction time and premotor time to initiate the response are shorter when force is selected freely by the subject than when it is selected by the experimenter. 20 subjects were required to react and produce a designated peak force as quickly and accurately as possible by squeezing a handle after a reaction signal. Four different magnitudes of force were 30, 50, and 70% of the maximum grip strength of the subjects and subject-selected magnitude of force. Reaction time and premotor time did not change across the range of forces examined in both simple and choice reaction-time conditions regardless of whether a desired force was selected by the experimenter or by the subject These findings suggest that programming an isometric response may require a constant amount of time.

Do Difficulties in Stimulus Discrimination Affect Luminance Processing?

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
D Pins ◽  
M Treisman ◽  
R Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Stimulus Discrimination ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Required

Simple reaction time is known to decay as a hyperbolic function of luminance (Piéron's function). An identical relationship has also been demonstrated recently (Pins and Bonnet, 1996 Perception & Psychophysics in press) with different choice-reaction-time tasks. Although mean choice reaction time increased with the complexity of the task, the exponents of the functions relating reaction time (RT) to luminance were found to be equal in each experiment. These results suggest that the task specific time required by the different tasks only adds to the time necessary for luminance processing. In these experiments, the different stimuli presented were easily discriminable. In the present study, we examined the effect of variation in luminance on a more difficult discrimination task involving variation in orientation. Five different luminance levels covering the entire mesopic range were used. In two conditions, tilted lines at nine different angles were used, at a spacing of 2°. In the first condition, the orientations were chosen on both sides of the vertical (the subject responded “left” or “right”); in the second condition, the orientations were on both sides of a line oriented at −40° to the vertical (the subject responded “high” or “low”). The results were compared to those of a second experiment in which only two easily discriminable orientations were used. The results show that RT is greater in the experiments in which nine orientations are used, while the effect of intensity on RT is lower. This effect does not depend on orientation.

Rapid Dual-Task Decrements After a Brief Period of Manual Tracking in Simulated Weightlessness by Water Submersion

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110518
Author(s):  
Marc Dalecki ◽  
Fabian Steinberg ◽  
Rainer Beurskens
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Reaction Task ◽  
Over Time

Objective Investigating dual-task (DT) performance during simulated weightlessness by water submersion, using a manual tracking and a choice reaction task. In contrast to previous work, we focus on performance changes over time. Background Previous research showed motor tracking and choice reaction impairments under DT and single-task (ST) conditions in shallow water submersion. Recent research analyzed performance as average across task time, neglecting potential time-related changes or fluctuations of task-performance. Method An unstable tracking and a choice reaction task was performed for one minute under ST and DT conditions in 5 m water submersion and on dry land in 43 participants. Tracking and choice reaction time performance for both tasks were analyzed in blocks of 10 seconds. Results Tracking performance deteriorated underwater compared to dry land conditions during the second half while performing one minute in DT conditions. Choice reaction time increased underwater as well, but independent of task time and type. Conclusion Tracking error increased over time when performing unstable tracking and choice reaction together. Potentially, physiological and psychological alterations under shallow submersion further strain the human system during DT operations, exceeding available recourse capacities such that DT performance deteriorated over time. Application Humans operating in simulated weightlessness underwater should be aware of substantial performance declines that can occur within a short amount of time during DT situations that include continuous tracking.

scholarly journals The effects of acute aerobic exercise on choice reaction time in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Komalsingh Patil ◽  
Umesh Suresh Patkar ◽  
Kshitija Umesh Patkar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Subject

Background:Exercise, especially aerobic exercise thought to have a positive impact on cognitive and brain function which mainly involved in acquisition, processing, storage and executive functions. Executive control processes are important in sport and occupational settings where a person is being asked to make decisions while performing physical work. We have done this study, to determine the effects of acute moderate intensity exercise on cognitive domains and to apply this knowledge in various fields where cognition and executive functions are important. Study and control population each consists of 60 apparently healthy subjects in the age group of 18-30 years.Methods:The material used for study Cosco Upright Exercise Bike and Reaction Time apparatus. Visual Choice Reaction Time, the examiner presented visual stimuli at random to the subject. The subject saw the light displayed on his side and pressed the appropriate corresponding button as quickly as possible and the reading was noted. The same procedure was repeated for auditory choice reaction time for auditory stimuli. After that each subject from study population underwent acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise on for 10 minutes. Starting within 5 minutes after the exercise, subjects were assessed for the same cognitive test as above, for the second time. Control population rested for 10 minutes and then was assessed again for the same cognitive test.Results:There was no significant difference between the pre- values of study population and pre- values of control population. There was no significant difference between the pre- values of control population and post values of control population. Thus, there was no improvement in cognitive functions on account of repetition of tests. There was a significant difference between the post values of study population and post values of control population. There was a significant difference between the pre- values of study population and post values of study population.Conclusions:There was a decrease in reaction time following exercise in the study population, suggests that there was an improvement in the cognitive functions post exercise.

Interactions between Alcohol, Task Difficulty, and Compatibility in a Choice-Reaction Task

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Robinson ◽  
Warren J. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Response Alternatives ◽  
Reaction Task

This experiment examined the effects of alcohol stress on choice reaction-time tasks of differing difficulty (response alternatives) and compatibility (stimulus-response mapping). Performance decrement under alcohol stress depended on the interaction of task difficulty and compatibility, low compatibility having a larger effect in more difficult tasks.

Overt Motor Preparation in Choice-Reaction Time Task

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-986
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Hennemann
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Pointing Movement ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
The Subject

In a serial pointing task to three unequidistant, unequiprobable targets, the moving picture record of the subject's hand movements shows, before each pointing movement, a repositioning of the hand near the median plane of the working panel when the subject sees the targets and near the more frequently used target when only proprioceptive information is available.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document