Training Transfer in a Tank Gunnery Training System

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 1315-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet J. Turnage ◽  
James P. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Learning Transfer ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Training System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skills Transfer ◽  
Significant Group

Three tank gunnery trainers were studied to determine learning transfer over repeated trails. Devices included the TOPGUN trainer, a part-task, reduced-fidelity tank gunnery trainer; the Videodisk Gunnery Trainer (VIGS), another part-task, limited-fidelity trainer; and the Conduct-of-Fire Trainer (COFT), a full-fidelity trainer. The objective was to determine the degree of gunnery skills transfer between the part-task gunnery trainers and the full-fidelity simulator. COFT criterion performances were examined for two pretraining groups (either TOPGUN first, then VIGS, or VIGS first, then TOPGUN) and a control group in order to determine which pretraining sequence leads to better performance. Each training group, composed of 20 subjects, received two multiple-mission engagement trials on four consecutive days (2 VIGS-2 TOPGUN, or vice versa) before COFT transfer. Results showed significant Group and Trial effects for transfer between TOPGUN and VIGS and significant transfer to COFT performance regardless of the prior sequence of training.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

Can Computer-Based Assessment be Used for Motor Skills Learning? A Training Transfer Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1432-1436
Author(s):  
Barbara Barnett ◽  
Bruce Perrin ◽  
Jim Curtin ◽  
Katrin Helbing
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Training System ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Skills Learning

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a Virtual Environment-based intelligent tutor developed to train maneuvering skills on a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) and to evaluate training transfer from the VE-enhanced training environment to maneuvering an actual ROV in an underwater environment. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of four test groups: full training, simulation only, ROV only, or no training. Participants completed two pre-test trials, followed by training, and then two different of post-test tasks. Pre-test trials and training transfer trials were conducted in a test tank using an actual ROV. The full training group received computer-based verbal coaching, performance feedback, a VE-enhanced external, and performance based progression through a matrix of exercises organized by increasing task difficulty. Subjects in the simulation only and ROV only groups received an equal amount of unstructured practice time using the ROV simulation and the actual vehicle respectively. The No Training group performed only the pre-test and post-test trials. Comparison of pre-test and post-test performance was made across a full range of performance parameters. For most measures, no significant differences were observed between the different treatment groups. Where differences were observed, subjects with initial low ability in pre-test did not benefit from the full training system as much as the other forms of training. Transfer trials indicated that all forms of training showed significant positive transfer over that of the No Training group.

Feasibility and Efficacy of Brief Computerized Training to Improve Emotion Recognition in Premanifest and Early-Symptomatic Huntington’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Kempnich ◽  
Dana Wong ◽  
Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis ◽  
Julie C. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Computerized Training

AbstractObjectives: Deficits in the recognition of negative emotions emerge before clinical diagnosis in Huntington’s disease (HD). To address emotion recognition deficits, which have been shown in schizophrenia to be improved by computerized training, we conducted a study of the feasibility and efficacy of computerized training of emotion recognition in HD. Methods: We randomly assigned 22 individuals with premanifest or early symptomatic HD to the training or control group. The training group used a self-guided online training program, MicroExpression Training Tool (METT), twice weekly for 4 weeks. All participants completed measures of emotion recognition at baseline and post-training time-points. Participants in the training group also completed training adherence measures. Results: Participants in the training group completed seven of the eight sessions on average. Results showed a significant group by time interaction, indicating that METT training was associated with improved accuracy in emotion recognition. Conclusions: Although sample size was small, our study demonstrates that emotion recognition remediation using the METT is feasible in terms of training adherence. The evidence also suggests METT may be effective in premanifest or early-symptomatic HD, opening up a potential new avenue for intervention. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to replicate these findings, and to characterize the durability and generalizability of these improvements, and their impact on functional outcomes in HD. (JINS, 2017, 23, 314–321)

scholarly journals Evaluation of a structured skills training group for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Meyer ◽  
Mia Ramklint ◽  
Maria Unenge Hallerbäck ◽  
Måns Lööf ◽  
Johan Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Skills Training Group

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with behavioural, emotional and interpersonal problems, and non-pharmacological treatments targeting these difficulties have been requested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of an age-adapted structured skills training group (SSTG) for adolescents with ADHD. Adolescents (n = 184, ages 15–18 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD were randomly assigned to either the SSTG, which is based on dialectical behavioural therapy, or an active control group based on psychoeducation. Symptoms of ADHD, behavioural and emotional problems, functional impairment, and health-related outcomes were assessed with self-ratings and parental ratings two weeks before, two weeks after, and six months after treatment. All participants who completed the pre-treatment measurements (n = 164) were included in the main analyses, which were conducted using a linear mixed model. Our results demonstrated no significant group differences in favour of the SSTG for any of the study outcomes. A majority of the participants in both groups reported that they had increased their knowledge about ADHD, improved their ability to manage problems related to the diagnosis, and would recommend the treatment to others. We conclude that the SSTG seems to be acceptable for adolescents with ADHD in a clinical context. However, the treatment was not proved to be more effective or more acceptable than the psychoeducational control intervention.Trial registration: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17366720,11/05/2016, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Alertness Training Increases Visual Processing Speed in Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762096552
Author(s):  
Melanie D. Penning ◽  
Adriana L. Ruiz-Rizzo ◽  
Petra Redel ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
Tiina Salminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Individual Training

In this study, we investigated whether alertness training in healthy older adults increases visual processing speed (VPS) and whether functional connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network predicts training gain. Using the theory of visual attention, we derived quantitative estimates of VPS before and after training. In Study 1, 75 healthy older adults participated in alertness training, active-control training, or no training ( n = 25 each). A significant Group × Session interaction indicated an increase in VPS in the alertness-training group but not in the control group, despite VPS not differing significantly between groups before training. In Study 2, 29 healthy older adults underwent resting-state functional MRI and then participated in alertness training. Pretraining functional connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network correlated with the individual training-induced change in VPS. In conclusion, results indicate that alertness training improves visual processing in older adults and that functional connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network provides a neural marker for predicting individual training gain.

Challenges in Hazard Detection for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Driving Simulator Training Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (34) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
George D. Park ◽  
Jeffrey S. Hickman ◽  
Sean P. Pitoniak ◽  
Theodore J. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training System ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Hazard Detection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicle

There are few research studies that have assessed the hazard detection (HD) challenges of experienced, skilled drivers. This paper presents the pilot study results of an HD training program, Commercial Driver Assessment and Training System (CDATS), developed for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The training involved simulation-based videos that highlight potential vehicle, pedestrian, and visually hidden hazards during unprotected intersection maneuvers: left-turn, right-turn, and straight-thru. Low-fidelity driving simulations were designed to reinforce video lessons and increase the expectation and detection of potential hazards. Training efficacy was assessed using a driving simulator HD task presented to short-haul CMV drivers ( N = 16) at pre-/post-assignment to CDATS training or a control condition. Results suggested that CMV drivers had highest HD task accuracy (% correct) for vehicle hazards and lowest accuracy for visually hidden hazards. Performance for pedestrian hazards was dependent on the intersection maneuver, with performance decreases for left-turn, right-turn and straight-thru intersections, respectively. Post-test results suggested overall HD improvement in the CDATS training group with no change in the control group; however, there was no significant change in relative hazard type by intersection maneuver pattern. Similar to prior research, experienced CMV drivers may also exhibit challenges in HD, particularly for visually hidden and visible pedestrian hazards, and may benefit from HD training.

Changes in Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength Induced by Suspension Training in Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Analiza Silva ◽  
Stefania Toselli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Significant Group

AbstractThis study aimed to present a suspension exercise training program suitable for older adults and to verify the effect of 12 weeks of training on handgrip strength (HS) and anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters in older adults. Thirty older women (age 66.1±4.7 years, BMI 30.6±5.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group (TG, n=15) or a control group (CG, n=15). The TG participated in a 12-week suspension training program, while the CG maintained their normal physical activity habits for the duration of the study. Anthropometric, bioelectrical impedance and strength parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention period. There was a significant group by time interaction (p<0.05) for triceps, biceps, subscapular skinfold, percentage of fat mass, phase angle (PhA), resistance, reactance, specific resistance, specific reactance and HS, with significant improvements in the TG after the intervention period (p<0.05) even after adjusting for age and BMI. The results suggest that suspension training promotes increases in PhA and HS in older women.

How negative mood hinders belief updating in depression: results from two experimental studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Lukas Kirchner ◽  
Thomas Gärtner ◽  
Julia Anna Glombiewski
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Happy Mood

Abstract Background In two experimental studies, we tested the hypothesis that negative mood would hinder the revision of negative beliefs in response to unexpectedly positive information in depression, whereas positive mood was expected to enhance belief updating. Methods In study 1 (N = 101), we used a subclinical sample to compare the film-based induction of sad v. happy mood with a distraction control group. Subsequently, participants underwent a well-established paradigm to examine intra-individual changes in performance-related expectations after unexpectedly positive performance feedback. In study 2, we applied the belief-updating task from study 1 to an inpatient sample (N = 81) and induced sad v. happy mood via film-clips v. recall of autobiographic events. Results The results of study 1 showed no significant group differences in belief updating; the severity of depressive symptoms was a negative predictor of belief revision, though, and there was a non-significant trend suggesting that the presence of sad mood hindered belief updating in the subgroup of participants with a diagnosed depressive episode. Study 2 revealed that participants updated their expectations significantly less in line with positive feedback when they underwent the induction of negative mood prior to feedback, relative to positive mood. Conclusions By indicating that the presence of negative mood can hinder the revision of negative beliefs in clinically depressed people, our findings suggest that learning from new experiences can be hampered if state negative mood is activated. Thus, interventions relying on learning from novel positive experiences should aim at reducing state negative mood in depression.

scholarly journals Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6702
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽  
Danah Alyahya ◽  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

scholarly journals The effects of combined cognitive training on prospective memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Zijing Hong ◽  
Rongrong Hu ◽  
Zhibin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Executive Function Training ◽  
Encoding Strategy

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of combined cognitive training on prospective memory ability of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 113 participants were divided into a control group and three intervention groups. Over three months, the control group received only community education without any training, whereas for the first six weeks, an executive function training group received executive function training, a memory strategy training group received semantic encoding strategy training, and the combined cognitive training group received executive function training twice a week for the first six weeks, and semantic encoding strategy training twice a week for the next six weeks. The combined cognitive training group showed improvement on the objective neuropsychological testing (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale). The memory strategy training group showed improvement on the self-evaluation scales (PRMQ-PM). Combined cognitive training improved the prospective memory and cognitive function of older adults with MCI.

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