Wheel Turning Strength for Four Wheel Designs

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. McMulkin ◽  
Jeffrey C. Woldstad ◽  
Paul B. McMahan ◽  
Timothy M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Wheel Turning ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Maximum Exertion ◽  
Female Subjects

This paper reports the results of an experiment to evaluate the isometric wheel turning strength of 12 male and 12 female subjects using four different wheel designs. Three of the wheels investigated were new designs developed specifically for this study, while the fourth was a wheel currently used on many railroad car hand brakes. The three new designs considered were a cylindrical tube (4.3 cm in diameter), a cylindrical tube (2.5 cm in diameter) with spheres mounted along the edge, and a circular zig-zag design. Strength data were collected using a mock-up of the ladder and platform arrangement found on most railroad hopper and box cars. The task simulated the final tightening exertion required to secure railroad car hand brakes. Strength capabilities were measured using two methods: 1) a three second average during a six-second trial; 2) the peak reached on a separate trial in which subjects did not sustain an exertion. Results showed that the torque generated by the subjects was highest for the zig-zag design, followed in order by the wheel with the spheres, the cylindrical wheel, and the standard wheel; average torque values were 191 Nm, 147 Nm, 132 Nm, and 95 Nm, respectively. The average strength values (three-second average) for six-second maximum exertions produced lower average torque values (122 Nm) than the ramp to maximum exertion (161 Nm).

Isometric Strength Capability for a Vertical Wheel Turning Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Woldstad ◽  
Christopher J. Rockwell ◽  
Christian A. Johnson ◽  
Mark McMulkin ◽  
Paul B. McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Wheel Turning ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Maximum Exertion ◽  
Peak Value

This paper reports on the measured isometric strength capability of 125 male and 125 female college students performing a one-handed wheel turning task. Three measures of isometric strength were used: (1) a three-second average of steady state levels taken from a six-second exertion, (2) the largest value (peak) from the same six-second exertion, and (3) a maximum exertion level taken from a separate “ramp-to-peak” exertion. Standardized whole-body strength measurements for the legs, arms, and torso as well as grip strength were also taken for each subject. The results presented in this paper demonstrate average isometric wheel turning strengths (torques) ranging from 109 to 152 N-m for males and 66 to 91 N-m for females, depending upon the strength measure used. The three strength measures were highly correlated, but produced significantly different estimates of strength. The three-second average produced the lowest estimate while the ramp-peak value produced the highest. Wheel turning strengths were also highly correlated with the standardized whole-body strength measures and with grip strength. Multiple regression models developed to predict wheel turning strength using these values accounted for 69 to 71 percent of the variation in the measures. The model results also suggest that grip strength plays an important role in determining wheel turning strength capability.

Electromyographic Evaluation of Operation of a Railroad Hand Brake

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Susan D. Vasko ◽  
Thomas H. Rockwell ◽  
Robert J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Male Subjects

Ten male subjects performed four methods of setting a vertical boxcar hand brake. Muscle activity was recorded in arm, leg, and back muscles. Each method was rated in terms of adherence to principles of work design and rated by subjects in order of comfort. Maximum braking force was recorded for each method and the subjects were videotaped to analyze postures. Biographical and strength data were recorded. The study found that as equipment arrangements allowed the operator to assume a more upright posture, braking force tended to increase, comfort ratings improved, EMG signals tended to decrease, and the task adhered to more principles of physiologically sound work design. Strength of the left arm was the major predictor of braking force, and back muscle activity tended to increase as braking force increased.

Development and Evaluation of Regression Models for the Prediction of Human Torque Strength Applied in the Prone Position

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 703-707
Author(s):  
Thomas Weaver ◽  
Subramanian Deivanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Torque Values

This paper describes an experimental investigation conducted to develop and test predictive models for human torque strength in simulated maintenance tasks performed in the prone position. Eight linear regression models were developed for the prediction of human torque strength applied with a socket wrench while lying in the prone position. The models utilized anthropometric and strength data from 40 subjects in conjunction with task point location variables in their formulation. The predictability of each model was evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted torque values from 10 additional subjects.

A Description of Grip and Pinch Strength in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years Using the Martin Vigorimeter

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Backman ◽  
Linda E. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Data ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Right

The vigorimeter is potentially a useful instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children. However, no normative or comparative data are supplied by the manufacturer, and only two previous studies using it to test children's hand strength could be found in the literature. The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary hand strength data in children aged 6 to 11 years. Spherical grip, tip pinch and tripod pinch strength were measured in 134 children. Graphs displaying the results suggest that, on average, strength increases with age, boys are stronger than girls, and the right hand is often (but not always) stronger than the left. While far from producing norms, this study did demonstrate that the vigorimeter has utility as an instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children, and provided some preliminary baseline data to assist clinicians in judging the results of hand strength tests. Le vigorimètre peut être un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. Cependant, le fabricant ne fournit pas de données normatives ou comparatives et on ne trouve dans la littérature que deux études dans lesquelles l'instrument a été utilisé pour évaluer la force de prehension des enfants. Le but de cette étude était de recueillir des données préliminaires sur la force de préhension des enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans. La force de la prise palmaire sphérique, des prises digitales et des prises tridigitales a été mesurée chez 134 enfants. Les résultats présentés dans les graphiques suggèrent qu'en général la force augmente avec l'âge, les garçons sont plus forts que les filles et la main droite est souvent (mais ce n'est pas toujours le cas) plus forte que la gauche. Loin de produire des normes, cette étude a toutefois démontré que le vigorimètre est un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. L'étude fournit également quelques données de base préliminaires qui aideront les cliniciens à apprécier les résultats des tests sur la force de préhension.

A Tape Striation Counting Method for Determining Fundamental Frequency

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Mueller ◽  
Marla Adams ◽  
Jean Baehr-Rouse ◽  
Debbie Boos
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Female Subjects

Mean fundamental frequencies of male and female subjects obtained with FLORIDA I and a tape striation counting procedure were compared. The fundamental frequencies obtained with these two methods were similar and it appears that the tape striation counting procedure is a viable, simple, and inexpensive alternative to more costly and complicated procedures and instrumentation.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE STEROID ETHYLESTRENOL ON FACIAL HAIRGROWTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Herk
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Female ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT Ethylestrenol (Δ4-17α-ethyl-estrenol-17β) produced no facial hairgrowth in elderly female subjects when administered in therapeutic doses for two months.

THE EFFECT OF ALTERATION OF THYROXINE BINDING CAPACITY ON THE DIALYZABLE AND ABSOLUTE FRACTIONS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN CIRCULATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dussault ◽  
D. A. Fisher ◽  
J. T. Nicoloff ◽  
V. V. Row ◽  
R. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of alterations in binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) on triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, studies were conducted in 10 patients with idiopathically low (7 subjects) or elevated (3 subjects) TBG levels and 10 subjects given norethandrolone (7 male subjects) or oestrogen (3 female subjects). Measurements of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, maximal T4 binding capacity, serum T3 concentration and per cent dialyzable T3 were conducted. Serum T3 was measured both by chemical and radioimmunoassay methods. In patients with idiopathically low TBG, the mean serum T4 concentration was low (2.4 μg/100 ml), the mean serum T3 level low (55 ng/100 ml), the mean per cent dialyzable T3 increased (0.52%), and the calculated free T3 concentration normal (186 pg/100 ml). In patients with idiopathically high TBG levels the mean T4 concentration was high (10.3 μg/100 ml), the mean T3 level slightly elevated (127 ng/100 ml), the% dialyzable T3 low (0.10%) and the calculated free T3 concentration low normal (123 pg/100 ml). The correlation coefficient between the per cent dialyzable T3 and maximal TBG binding capacity in the 20 subjects was 0.68, a value significant at the P < 0.01 level. Thus, alterations in binding capacity of TBG seem to influence T3 and T4 metabolism similarly; the inverse relationship between the % of dialyzable hormone and total hormone concentration tends to keep the absolue levels of free hormones stable.

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