A Description of Grip and Pinch Strength in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years Using the Martin Vigorimeter

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Backman ◽  
Linda E. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Data ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Right

The vigorimeter is potentially a useful instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children. However, no normative or comparative data are supplied by the manufacturer, and only two previous studies using it to test children's hand strength could be found in the literature. The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary hand strength data in children aged 6 to 11 years. Spherical grip, tip pinch and tripod pinch strength were measured in 134 children. Graphs displaying the results suggest that, on average, strength increases with age, boys are stronger than girls, and the right hand is often (but not always) stronger than the left. While far from producing norms, this study did demonstrate that the vigorimeter has utility as an instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children, and provided some preliminary baseline data to assist clinicians in judging the results of hand strength tests. Le vigorimètre peut être un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. Cependant, le fabricant ne fournit pas de données normatives ou comparatives et on ne trouve dans la littérature que deux études dans lesquelles l'instrument a été utilisé pour évaluer la force de prehension des enfants. Le but de cette étude était de recueillir des données préliminaires sur la force de préhension des enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans. La force de la prise palmaire sphérique, des prises digitales et des prises tridigitales a été mesurée chez 134 enfants. Les résultats présentés dans les graphiques suggèrent qu'en général la force augmente avec l'âge, les garçons sont plus forts que les filles et la main droite est souvent (mais ce n'est pas toujours le cas) plus forte que la gauche. Loin de produire des normes, cette étude a toutefois démontré que le vigorimètre est un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. L'étude fournit également quelques données de base préliminaires qui aideront les cliniciens à apprécier les résultats des tests sur la force de préhension.

An Analysis of Finger Pinch Strength in Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Sheik N. Irarhan
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

This study examined 3 types of pinch strength and handgrip strength among children between the ages of 5.3 and 7.9 years. Maximal strength of four pulp pinches, the chuck pinch and the lateral pinch were measured as well as maximal handgrip strength. Data analysis showed that the chuck and lateral pinched were the strongest while the pulp pinch with the little finger was the weakest. The pulp pincnes with the index and with the middle finger were stronger than that with the ring finger. Males were slightly stronger than females, the difference being only 13%. The right hand pinches were not significantly stronger than left hand pinches, the difference being only 5%. The major hand of subjects with dominant left hand was only 84% as strong as the major hand of subjects with dominant right hand. Pinch strength increased with age by 50% for a 2.6 year difference.

Força dos Músculos Rotadores do Ombro em Indivíduos Saudáveis/ Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Paulo José Oliveira Cortez ◽  
José Elias Tomazini ◽  
Mauro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Right

Introdução: A diminuição da capacidade de exercer esforços por parte dos músculos rotadores pode criar uma variedade de problemas. O conhecimento preciso do nível de força muscular de um indivíduo é importante, tanto para a avaliação da capacidade funcional ocupacional, como para uma apropriada prescrição de exercícios atléticos e de reabilitação. Percebe-se escassez de informação sobre as articulações do ombro, bem como os fatores envolvidos na força muscular dessa região. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador entre o membro superior direito e o membro superior esquerdo em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 22 sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idade de 18 e 19 anos, militares, saudáveis e sem história clínica de patologia ortopédica ou qualquer tipo de lesão no sistema musculoesquelético. Foram aplicados dois testes de força: Rotação Interna e Rotação Externa. Resultado : A força média de rotação interna no membro superior direito (MSD) foi maior que a força média de rotação interna no membro superior esquerdo (MSE) (p=0,723) e a força de rotação externa no MSD foi menor que a força média de rotação externa no MSE (p=0,788). Não houve diferença estatística na comparação dos valores de força de todos os testes de força isométrica. Conclusão: Para amostra estudada e metodologia utilizada na avaliação da força muscular, não houve diferença estatística na comparação da força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador do membro superior direito e do membro superior esquerdo.Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals Introduction: Decreased ability to exert efforts by the rotator muscles can create a variety of problems. The precise knowledge of the level of muscular strength of an individual is important for both the functional capacity evaluation for occupational as an appropriate exercise prescription and rehabilitation of athletic. It is perceived scarcity of information on the shoulder joints as well as factors involved in muscle strength in this region. Objective: Develop a device for measuring the strength generated by the muscles of the upper limbs and the verification of efficiency and adaptability of this device through a comparative study of muscle strength in healthy subjects. Methods: The study included 22 male subjects, aged 18 and 19 years, military personnel, body mass between 57.7 and 93 kg (71.8 ± 9.45 kg) and height between 1.67 and 1.90 m (1.75 ± 0.06 m), healthy and without a history of orthopaedic disease or any kind of damage to the musculoskeletal system. Three strength tests were applied: Internal Rotation and External Rotation. For each type of effort three maximum voluntary contractions were required for 10 seconds, with an interval of 30 seconds between each contraction.  Results: Internal rotation in the right upper limb (RUL) was higher than the average strength of internal rotation in the left upper limb (LUL) (p = 0, 723) and the external rotation strength in RUL was lower than the average strength of external rotation in the LUL (p=0,788).  No statistical difference in comparing the strength values of all isometric strength tests. Conclusion: For sample and methodology used to assess muscle strength, there was no statistical difference in comparing the force generated by the muscles of the rotator cuff of the right and left upper limb.

scholarly journals Hand strength and dexterity in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome: a pilot intervention study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 4669-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
Wei-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Mei-Chun Lin ◽  
Jang-Ting Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Finger Dexterity ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
The Right

Objective The study aim was to examine the hand function (hand strength and dexterity) and intervention effects of training in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Methods Six adults with PWS (two females; mean age 26.14 years) underwent hand muscle strength and dexterity training for 3 months (2 hours per week). The following hand function tests were performed pre- and post-intervention: (1) hand grip, lateral pinch, and tip pinch hand strength tests, (2) the Box and Block test (BBT) for gross manual dexterity and (3) the Purdue Pegboard test for finger dexterity. Results Before treatment, all subjects showed lower hand grip, lateral pinch, tip pinch strength, and poorer manual/finger dexterity relative to healthy adults. After training, hand function scores improved on many test items, but only the left hand tip pinch and the right hand BBT performance showed significant improvements. Conclusions All subjects showed lower hand strength and poorer manual/finger dexterity compared with healthy adults; this should be considered during physical training programs. Owing to limitations in the intervention intensity and possible subject behavioral deficits, further research is needed to clarify the effects of this intervention on hand function in PWS patients.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

Eosinophilic vasculitis: an inhabitual and resistant manifestation of a vasculitis

VASA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandus ◽  
Bianda ◽  
Alerci ◽  
Gallino ◽  
Marone
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Raynaud Phenomenon ◽  
The Third ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trunk Skin

A 55-year-old woman was referred because of diffuse pruritic erythematous lesions and an ischemic process of the third finger of her right hand. She was known to have anaemia secondary to hypermenorrhea. She presented six months before admission with a cutaneous infiltration on the left cubital cavity after a paravenous leakage of intravenous iron substitution. She then reported a progressive pruritic erythematous swelling of her left arm and lower extremities and trunk. Skin biopsy of a lesion on the right leg revealed a fibrillar, small-vessel vasculitis containing many eosinophils.Two months later she reported Raynaud symptoms in both hands, with a persistent violaceous coloration of the skin and cold sensation of her third digit of the right hand. A round 1.5 cm well-delimited swelling on the medial site of the left elbow was noted. The third digit of her right hand was cold and of violet colour. Eosinophilia (19 % of total leucocytes) was present. Doppler-duplex arterial examination of the upper extremities showed an occlusion of the cubital artery down to the palmar arcade on the right arm. Selective angiography of the right subclavian and brachial arteries showed diffuse alteration of the blood flow in the cubital artery and hand, with fine collateral circulation in the carpal region. Neither secondary causes of hypereosinophilia nor a myeloproliferative process was found. Considering the skin biopsy results and having excluded other causes of eosinophilia, we assumed the diagnosis of an eosinophilic vasculitis. Treatment with tacrolimus and high dose steroids was started, the latter tapered within 12 months and then stopped, but a dramatic flare-up of the vasculitis with Raynaud phenomenon occurred. A new immunosupressive approach with steroids and methotrexate was then introduced. This case of aggressive eosinophilic vasculitis is difficult to classify into the usual forms of vasculitis and constitutes a therapeutic challenge given the resistance to current immunosuppressive regimens.

Detection of Sarcoidosis Based on Subcutaneous Nodules in the Dorsum of the Right Hand

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki KUWAE ◽  
Kunitaka HARUNA ◽  
Yasushi SUGA
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Nodules ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Construct Validity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McCleary ◽  
David McDowall ◽  
Bradley J. Bartos
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Chapter 8 focuses on threats to construct validity arising from the left-hand side time series and the right-hand side intervention model. Construct validity is limited to questions of whether an observed effect can be generalized to alternative cause and effect measures. The “talking out” self-injurious behavior time series, shown in Chapter 5, are examples of primary data. Researchers often have no choice but to use secondary data that were collected by third parties for purposes unrelated to any hypothesis test. Even in those less-than-ideal instances, however, an optimal time series can be constructed by limiting the time frame and otherwise paying attention to regime changes. Threats to construct validity that arise from the right-hand side intervention model, such as fuzzy or unclear onset and responses, are controlled by paying close attention to the underlying theory. Even a minimal theory should specify the onset and duration of an impact.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

scholarly journals Approximating pointwise products of quasimodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-552
Author(s):  
Mei Ling Jin
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Riemannian Manifolds ◽  
Spectral Projection ◽  
Beltrami Operator ◽  
Singular Potentials ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe obtain approximation bounds for products of quasimodes for the Laplace–Beltrami operator on compact Riemannian manifolds of all dimensions without boundary. We approximate the products of quasimodes uv by a low-degree vector space {B_{n}}, and we prove that the size of the space {\dim(B_{n})} is small. In this paper, we first study bilinear quasimode estimates of all dimensions {d=2,3}, {d=4,5} and {d\geq 6}, respectively, to make the highest frequency disappear from the right-hand side. Furthermore, the result of the case {\lambda=\mu} of bilinear quasimode estimates improves {L^{4}} quasimodes estimates of Sogge and Zelditch in [C. D. Sogge and S. Zelditch, A note on L^{p}-norms of quasi-modes, Some Topics in Harmonic Analysis and Applications, Adv. Lect. Math. (ALM) 34, International Press, Somerville 2016, 385–397] when {d\geq 8}. And on this basis, we give approximation bounds in {H^{-1}}-norm. We also prove approximation bounds for the products of quasimodes in {L^{2}}-norm using the results of {L^{p}}-estimates for quasimodes in [M. Blair, Y. Sire and C. D. Sogge, Quasimode, eigenfunction and spectral projection bounds for Schrodinger operators on manifolds with critically singular potentials, preprint 2019, https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09665]. We extend the results of Lu and Steinerberger in [J. F. Lu and S. Steinerberger, On pointwise products of elliptic eigenfunctions, preprint 2018, https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01024v2] to quasimodes.

scholarly journals Differences in digit ratios between gay men who prefer receptive versus insertive sex roles indicate a role for prenatal androgen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlyn Swift-Gallant ◽  
Victor Di Rita ◽  
Christina A. Major ◽  
Christopher J. Breedlove ◽  
Cynthia L. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Prenatal Androgens ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

AbstractAmong non-human mammals, exposure to androgens during critical periods of development leads to gynephilia (attraction to females), whereas the absence or low levels of prenatal androgens leads to androphilia (attraction to males). However, in humans, retrospective markers of prenatal androgens have only been associated with gynephilia among women, but not with androphilia among men. Here, we asked whether an indirect indication of prenatal androgen exposure, 2D:4D, differs between subsets of gay men delineated by anal sex role (ASR). ASR was used as a proxy for subgroups because ASR groups tend to differ in other measures affected by brain sexual differentiation, such as gender conformity. First, we replicated the finding that gay men with a receptive ASR preference (bottoms) report greater gender nonconformity (GNC) compared to gay men with an insertive ASR preference (tops). We then found that Tops have a lower (male-typical) average right-hand digit ratio than Bottoms, and that among all gay men the right-hand 2D:4D correlated with GNC, indicating that a higher (female-typical) 2D:4D is associated with increased GNC. Differences were found between non-exclusive and exclusive same-sex attraction and GNC, and ASR group differences on digit ratios do not reach significance when all non-heterosexual men are included in the analyses, suggesting greater heterogeneity in the development of non-exclusive same-sex sexual orientations. Overall, results support a role for prenatal androgens, as approximated by digit ratios, in influencing the sexual orientation and GNC of a subset of gay men.

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