Single Line Display Menu

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung H. Han ◽  
Jiyoung Kwahk
Keyword(s):  
Search Task ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Target Search ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Many electronic consumer products use a single line display which is capable of presenting a limited number of characters at a time. Although many design guidelines have been proposed, they are applicable only to the menus on ordinary CRT displays. This study examined the effects of four different variables: menu structure, user experience, navigation aid, and number of target items on designing the menu on a single line display. Four dependent measures, speed, accuracy, efficiency, and user preference of a target search task, were collected. The results showed that the 82 structure turned out to be an optimal menu structure for single-line display menus. The navigation aid improved the search performance of the inexperienced. Interestingly, multiple target search tasks recorded a better performance than single target search tasks. Based on the results, design implications were discussed.

scholarly journals Stable individual differences in strategies within, but not between, visual search tasks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair D F Clarke ◽  
Jessica Irons ◽  
Warren James ◽  
Andrew B. Leber ◽  
Amelia R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Over Time

A striking range of individual differences has recently been reported in three different visual search tasks. These differences in performance can be attributed to strategy, that is, the efficiency with which participants control their search to complete the task quickly and accurately. Here we ask if an individual's strategy and performance in one search task is correlated with how they perform in the other two. We tested 64 observers in the three tasks mentioned above over two sessions. Even though the test-retest reliability of the tasks is high, an observer's performance and strategy in one task did not reliably predict their behaviour in the other two. These results suggest search strategies are stable over time, but context-specific. To understand visual search we therefore need to account not only for differences between individuals, but also how individuals interact with the search task and context. These context-specific but stable individual differences in strategy can account for a substantial proportion of variability in search performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Information Organization on Cognitive Workload and Visual Search Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Joe ◽  
Casey R. Kovesdi ◽  
Andrea Mack ◽  
Tina Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Information Organization ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

This study examined the relationship between how visual information is organized and people’s visual search performance. Specifically, we systematically varied how visual search information was organized (from well-organized to disorganized), and then asked participants to perform a visual search task involving finding and identifying a number of visual targets within the field of visual non-targets. We hypothesized that the visual search task would be easier when the information was well-organized versus when it was disorganized. We further speculated that visual search performance would be mediated by cognitive workload, and that the results could be generally described by the well-established speed-accuracy tradeoff phenomenon. This paper presents the details of the study we designed and our results.

Design of a Menu for Small Displays Presenting a Single Item at a Time

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung H. Han ◽  
Jiyoung Kwahk
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Small Display

Electronic consumer products such as desktop laser printers, facsimiles, copiers, etc., which have a small visual display panel are ubiquitous. They are characterized by presenting only a single menu item at a time which is usually organized in a hierarchical tree structure. Since users see only a single line information on the display and use them infrequently, the optimal menu design may be different from that of an ordinary computer display. An experiment was conducted to examine variables for designing the optimal menu on a single line display. Prototypes were developed to simulate the user interfaces of several menu structures. The results showed that the search time on the small display was approximately three times longer than that on the ordinary computer display. User experience affected significantly the search performance and a menu structure with depth 2 was found to be the optimal for infrequent users. Based on the results of the experiment, human factors guidelines for designing a menu on a single line display were suggested.

Designing Speech Displays for Telephone Information Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Herlong ◽  
Beverly H. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Female Voices ◽  
Different Levels

This study used a computer-driven telephone information system as a real-time human-computer interface to simulate applications where synthetic speech is used to access data. Subjects used a telephone keypad to search though an automated department store database to locate and transcribe specific information messages. Because speech provides a sequential and transient information display, users may have difficulty navigating through auditory databases. One issue investigated in this study was whether the alternate use of male and female voices to code different levels of the database would improve user search performance. Other issues investigated were the basic intelligibility of these male and female voices as influenced by different levels of speech rate. All factors were assessed as functions of search or transcription task performance and user preference. Analysis of transcription accuracy, user search efficiency and time, and subjective ratings revealed an overall significant effect of speech rate on all groups of measures but no significant effects for voice type or coding scheme. Results were used to recommend design guidelines for developing speech displays for telephone information systems.

Visual Search Performance by Paranoid and Chronic Undifferentiated Schizophrenics

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
Lance A. Portnoff ◽  
Jerome A. Yesavage ◽  
Mary B. Acker
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Stimulus Mode

Disturbances in attention are among the most frequent cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. Recent research has suggested that some schizophrenics have difficulty with visual tracking, which is suggestive of attentional deficits. To investigate differential visual-search performance by schizophrenics, 15 chronic undifferentiated and 15 paranoid schizophrenics were compared with 15 normals on two tests measuring visual search in a systematic and an unsystematic stimulus mode. Chronic schizophrenics showed difficulty with both kinds of visual-search tasks. In contrast, paranoids had only a deficit in the systematic visual-search task. Their ability for visual search in an unsystematized stimulus array was equivalent to that of normals. Although replication and cross-validation is needed to confirm these findings, it appears that the two tests of visual search may provide a useful ancillary method for differential diagnosis between these two types of schizophrenia.

The Effects of Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays on Drivers' Eye Scan Patterns, Performance, and Perceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Missie Smith ◽  
Joseph L. Gabbard ◽  
Gary Burnett ◽  
Nadejda Doutcheva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Structured Grid ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Lead Vehicle

This paper reports on an experiment comparing Head-Up Display (HUD) and Head-Down Display (HDD) use while driving in a simulator to explore differences in glance patterns, driving performance, and user preferences. Sixteen participants completed both structured (text) and semi-structured (grid) visual search tasks on each display while following a lead vehicle in a motorway (highway) environment. Participants experienced three levels of complexity (low, medium, high) for each visual search task, with five repetitions of each level of complexity. Results suggest that the grid task was not sensitive enough to the varying visual demands, while the text task showed significant differences between displays in user preference, perceived workload, and distraction. As complexity increased, HUD use during the text task corresponded with faster performance as compared to the HDD, indicating the potential benefits when using HUDs in the driving context. Furthermore, HUD use was associated with longer sustained glances (at the respective display) as compared to the HDD, with no differences in driving performance observed. This finding suggests that AR HUDs afford longer glances without negatively affecting the longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle – a result that has implications for how future researchers should evaluate the visual demands for AR HUDs.

scholarly journals Saliency-Aware Subtle Augmentation Improves Human Visual Search Performance in VR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Olga Lukashova-Sanz ◽  
Siegfried Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Salient Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Omnidirectional Images ◽  
Insight Into

Visual search becomes challenging when the time to find the target is limited. Here we focus on how performance in visual search can be improved via a subtle saliency-aware modulation of the scene. Specifically, we investigate whether blurring salient regions of the scene can improve participant’s ability to find the target faster when the target is located in non-salient areas. A set of real-world omnidirectional images were displayed in virtual reality with a search target overlaid on the visual scene at a pseudorandom location. Participants performed a visual search task in three conditions defined by blur strength, where the task was to find the target as fast as possible. The mean search time, and the proportion of trials where participants failed to find the target, were compared across different conditions. Furthermore, the number and duration of fixations were evaluated. A significant effect of blur on behavioral and fixation metrics was found using linear mixed models. This study shows that it is possible to improve the performance by a saliency-aware subtle scene modulation in a challenging realistic visual search scenario. The current work provides an insight into potential visual augmentation designs aiming to improve user’s performance in everyday visual search tasks.

scholarly journals Reading problems and their connection with visual search and attention: The search for a cause continues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heida Maria Sigurdardottir ◽  
Hilma Ros Omarsdóttir ◽  
Anna Sigridur Valgeirsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Conjunction Search ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Gating Mechanism

Attention has been hypothesized to act as a sequential gating mechanism for the orderly processing of letters in words. These same visuo-attentional processes are assumed to partake in some but not all visual search tasks. In the current study, 60 adults with varying degrees of reading abilities, ranging from expert readers to severely impaired dyslexic readers, completed an attentionally demanding visual conjunction search task thought to heavily rely on the dorsal visual stream. A visual feature search task served as an internal control. According to the dorsal view of dyslexia, reading problems should go hand in hand with specific problems in visual conjunction search – particularly elevated conjunction search slopes (time per search item) – which would be interpreted as a problem with visual attention. Results showed that reading problems were associated with slower visual search, especially conjunction search. However, problems with reading were not associated with increased conjunction search slopes but instead with increased conjunction search intercepts, traditionally not interpreted as reflecting attentional processes. Our data are hard to reconcile with hypothesized problems in dyslexia with the serial moving of an attentional spotlight across a visual scene or a page of text.

Auditory Spatial Cueing in Visual Search Tasks: Effects of Amplitude, Contrast and Duration

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Z. Strybel ◽  
Jan M. Boucher ◽  
Greg E. Fujawa ◽  
Craig S. Volp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Spatial Cueing ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Auditory Spatial Cues

The effectiveness of auditory spatial cues in visual search performance was examined in three experiments. Auditory spatial cues are more effective than abrupt visual onsets when the target appears in the peripheral visual field or when the contrast of the target is degraded. The duration of the auditory spatial cue did not affect search performance.

MARS

Web Mining ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiannong Meng ◽  
Zhixiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Relevance Feedback ◽  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Adaptive Refinement ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Web Searches ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Information Preference ◽  
Feedback Algorithm

This chapter reports the project MARS (Multiplicative Adaptive Refinement Search), which applies a new multiplicative adaptive algorithm for user preference retrieval to Web searches. The new algorithm uses a multiplicative query expansion strategy to adaptively improve and reformulate the query vector to learn users’ information preference. The algorithm has provable better performance than the popular Rocchio’s similarity-based relevance feedback algorithm in learning a user preference that is determined by a linear classifier with a small number of non-zero coefficients over the real-valued vector space. A meta-search engine based on the aforementioned algorithm is built, and analysis of its search performance is presented.

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