Self-assembling Peptide Scaffolds Promote Enamel Remineralization

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kirkham ◽  
A. Firth ◽  
D. Vernals ◽  
N. Boden ◽  
C. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
De Novo ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Self Assembling

Rationally designed β-sheet-forming peptides that spontaneously form three-dimensional fibrillar scaffolds in response to specific environmental triggers may potentially be used in skeletal tissue engineering, including the treatment/prevention of dental caries, via bioactive surface groups. We hypothesized that infiltration of caries lesions with monomeric low-viscosity peptide solutions would be followed by in situ polymerization triggered by conditions of pH and ionic strength, providing a biomimetic scaffold capable of hydroxyapatite nucleation, promoting repair. Our aim was to determine the effect of an anionic peptide applied to caries-like lesions in human dental enamel under simulated intra-oral conditions of pH cycling. Peptide treatment significantly increased net mineral gain by the lesions, due to both increased remineralization and inhibition of demineralization over a five-day period. The assembled peptide was also capable of inducing hydroxyapatite nucleation de novo. The results suggest that self-assembling peptides may be useful in the modulation of mineral behavior during in situ dental tissue engineering.

scholarly journals In Situ Tissue Engineering Using Magnetically Guided Three-Dimensional Cell Patterning

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Grogan ◽  
Chantal Pauli ◽  
Peter Chen ◽  
Jiang Du ◽  
Christine B. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Patterning ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
In Situ Tissue Engineering

scholarly journals Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Min ◽  
Madhumita Patel ◽  
Won-Gun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels ◽  
Electrical Properties Of Tissues

In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogels include not only their physical properties but also their adequate electrical properties, which provide electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials such as metal nanoparticles, carbons, and conductive polymers. The fabrication method of blending, coating, and in situ polymerization is also added. Furthermore, the applications of conductive hydrogel in cardiac tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, and bone tissue engineering and skin regeneration are discussed in detail.

FABRICATION OF ALUMINA/ZIRCONIA (YSZ) NANOCOMPOSITES BY GELCASTING PROCESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3237-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOMAYE SAADAT ◽  
SAEED MALEKSAEEDI ◽  
MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN PAYDAR ◽  
HAFEZ AHMADI
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Alumina Matrix ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
High Solid Loading ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Gelcasting Process

Gelcasting process as a promising method for fabrication of reliable ceramics has been utilized to develop alumina-zirconia nanocomposites from nanosized powders. Sedimentation and viscosity measurement were performed to find the accurate dispersing condition for production of alumina-zirconia nanocomposite slurry with high solid loading and low viscosity. The gelcasting was accomplished by in situ polymerization of an acrylamide base monomer. The effects of solid loading, viscosity and deairing were also studied. Finally, crack and flaw free samples with relative densities of 99%, were achieved from the optimal slurry with 35vol. % solid loading, by performing sintering at 1600°C for 2 hours. SEM micrographs showed dense microstructure with fine and homogenous dispersion of zirconia phase in the alumina matrix.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Porous Conducting Polymer Composite with Ultralow Density and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensing Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Dong Su ◽  
Xian-Sheng Jia ◽  
Jin-Tao Li ◽  
Tao Lou ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Voltage Current Characteristic

An ultralight conducting polyaniline/SiC/polyacrylonitrile (PANI/SiC/PAN) composite was fabricated by in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of fibers in SiC/PAN aerogel. The SiC/PAN aerogel was obtained by electrospinning, freeze-drying, and heat treatment. The ingredient, morphology, structure, and electrical properties of the aerogel before and after in situ polymerization were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and voltage-current characteristic measurement. The thermostability of PANI/SiC/PAN composite was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrical resistance measured at different temperatures. The density of the PANI/SiC/PAN composite was approximately 0.211 g cm−3, the porosity was 76.44%, and the conductivity was 0.013 S m−1. The pressure sensing properties were evaluated at room temperature. The electrical resistance of as-prepared sample decreased gradually with the increase of pressure. Furthermore, the pressure sensing process was reversible and the response time was short (about 1 s). This composite may have application in pressure sensor field.

Peptide α-helices for synthetic nanostructures

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Ryadnov
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Protein Assemblies ◽  
Helical Peptides ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Recent Developments

Supramolecular structures arising from a broad range of chemical archetypes are of great technological promise. Defining such structures at the nanoscale is crucial to access principally new types of functional materials for applications in bionanotechnology. In this vein, biomolecular self-assembly has emerged as an efficient approach for building synthetic nanostructures from the bottom up. The approach predominantly employs the spontaneous folding of biopolymers to monodisperse three-dimensional shapes that assemble into hierarchically defined mesoscale composites. An immediate interest here is the extraction of reliable rules that link the chemistry of biopolymers to the mechanisms of their assembly. Once established these can be further harnessed in designing supramolecular objects de novo. Different biopolymer classes compile a rich repertoire of assembly motifs to facilitate the synthesis of otherwise inaccessible nanostructures. Among those are peptide α-helices, ubiquitous folding elements of natural protein assemblies. These are particularly appealing candidates for prescriptive supramolecular engineering, as their well-established and conservative design rules give unmatched predictability and rationale. Recent developments of self-assembling systems based on helical peptides, including fibrous systems, nanoscale linkers and reactors will be highlighted herein.

Nanometric Surface Patterns for Tissue Engineering: Fabrication and Biocompatibility in Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Riehle ◽  
M Dalby ◽  
H Johnstone ◽  
J Gallagher ◽  
M A Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Binary Polymer ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

AbstractThree fundamentally different methods were used to fabricate nanometric surface features on polymers or fused silica. Phase separation of binary polymer mixes resulted in randomly distributed features whose depth and shape could be tightly controlled over large areas. Colloidal resist patterned large areas randomly and uniformly with very fine spikes. In contrast e-beam and reactive ion etching were used to create a set of regular spaced pillars on an orthogonal pattern. Some of the surfaces were replicated by in situ polymerization, solvent casting, embossing or melt molding onto polystyrene (PS) or ε–poly caprolactone (ε–PCL). Nanometric features down to 60nm were imprinted onto the polymers with high fidelity. Cells were seeded onto the nanometric surfaces and adhesion, morphology and cytoskeleton investigated. Cells respond to regular features of 170/80nm (width/depth) with reduced adhesion and changes in overall morphology and cytoskeleton. Small nanofeatures (13nm, 35nm depth) made by phase separation on the other hand increased adhesion and promoted cytoskeletal differentiation. The responses of the cells are indicative that nanometric surface features are useful modifications on scaffolds for tissue engineering or on medical implants.

scholarly journals Self-assembling peptides and their applications in tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Deidda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Direct Laser Writing ◽  
Laser Writing ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Direct Laser

Τα πρωτεϊνικά ικριώματα τα οποία σχηματίζονται από αυτοοργανωμένα πεπτίδια μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως εναλλακτικά των πρωτεϊνών της εξωκυττάριας μήτρας (ECM) και θα μπορούσαν να βρουν εφαρμογή στην αναγεννητική ιατρική. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας διατριβής ένα πεπτίδιο που περιέχει την αμυλοειδή αλληλουχία NSGAITIG η οποία έχει ανακτηθεί από το μίσχο της πρωτεΐνης, ίνας του αδενοϊού ανασχεδιάστηκε για την κατασκευή τρισδιάστατων (3D) ικριωμάτων ανθρώπινου ιστού και μοντέλων κυτταρικής καλλιέργειας in vitro. Εν συνεχεία αυτή η ακολουθία μελετήθηκε έτσι ώστε να διαμορφωθεί ένα εντεκαπεπτίδιο το οποίο περιέχει το μοτίβο RGD στο αμινοτελικό άκρο και ένα κομβικό αμινοξύ όπως η κυστεΐνη στο καρβοξυτελικό άκρο, έτσι ώστε να σχηματιστεί η αλληλουχία RGDSGAITIGC ως τελικό προϊόν. Το αμυλοειδές αυτό πεπτίδιο μπορεί να παίξει έναν πολλά υποσχόμενο διλειτουργικό ρόλο ως βιολογικό ικρίωμα καθώς επάγει την κυτταρική προσκόλληση και λόγω του αμινοξέα της κυστεΐνης μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως ενδιάμεσος προσδέτης βιομορίων. Εναλλακτικά, στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, φωτοευαίσθητα κατάλοιπα όπως η τυροσίνη ή η τρυπτοφάνη σχεδιάστηκαν για να εισαχθούν στο καρβοξυτελικό άκρο ώστε να δώσουν τις αλληλουχίες RGDSGAITIGY και RGDSGAITIGW. Αυτά τα κατάλοιπα μπορούν να πυροδοτήσουν ένα φαινόμενο πολυφωτονικού πολυμερισμού (MPP/MPA) μέσω της χρήσης της τεχνικής της Direct Laser Writing (DLW) με απώτερο στόχο την εφαρμογή σε υψηλά ανταποκρινόμενες βιολογικές θεραπείες, όπως η αναγέννηση του μυοκαρδίου. Εν συνεχεία, στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο, τα πεπτιδικά παράγωγα τα οποία χαρακτηρίστηκαν προηγουμένως, μελετήθηκαν ως υποστρώματα στη θεραπεία βλαστοκυττάρων. Επιπλέον τροποποιημένα εμβρυϊκά βλαστοκύτταρα μελετήθηκαν για κυτταρική προσκόλληση και πολλαπλασιασμό. Επιπροσθέτως, η μελέτη των ρεολογικών ιδιοτήτων όλων των υποστρωμάτων και η περαιτέρω αξιολόγηση της λειτουργικής έγχυσης μελετήθηκε με σκοπό την προοπτική θεραπευτικής χρησιμοποίησής τους in situ.

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