scholarly journals Effects of object size and distance on reaching kinematics in patients with schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Mei Wang ◽  
Li-Chieh Kuo ◽  
Wen-Chen Ouyang ◽  
Hsiao-Man Hsu ◽  
Hui-Ing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Spatial Efficiency ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
And Gender

Background/Objective Patients with schizophrenia not only have psychiatric symptoms, but also have movement problems, which might also be associated with their reduced quality of life. Little is known about how to improve their movement performance for patients. Manipulating object size and distance is common in occupational therapy practice to evaluate and optimize reaching performance in patients with physical disabilities, but effects of the manipulation in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether object size and distance could change performance of reaching kinematics in patients with mild schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-nine patients with mild schizophrenia and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were required to reach for, as quickly as possible, a small or large object that was placed at a near or far distance. We measured movement time, peak velocity, path length ratio, percentage of time to peak velocity, and movement units to infer movement speed, forcefulness, spatial efficiency (directness), control strategies, and smoothness. Results Patients’ reaching movements were slower ( p = .017) and less direct ( p = .007) than those of controls. A larger object induced faster ( p = .016), more preprogrammed ( p = .018), and more forceful ( p = .010) movements in patients. A farther object induced slower, more feedback dependent, but more forceful and more direct movements (all p < .001). Conclusion The results of kinematic deficiencies suggest the need of movement training for patients with mild schizophrenia. Occupational therapists may grade or adapt reaching activities by changing object size and distance to enhance movement performance in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effects of Task Constraints on Reaching Kinematics by Healthy Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yi Wu ◽  
Keh-Chung Lin ◽  
Kwan-Hwa Lin ◽  
Chein-Wei Chang ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Main Effects

Understanding the control of movement requires an awareness of how tasks constrain movements. The present study investigated the effects of two types of task constraints—spatial accuracy (effector size) and target location—on reaching kinematics. 15 right-handed healthy young adults (7 men, 8 women) whose mean age was 23.6 yr. ( SD = 3.9 yr.) performed the ringing task under six conditions, formed by the crossing of effector size (larger vs smaller size) and target location (left, right, or a central position). Significant main effects of effector size and target location were found for peak velocity and movement time. There was a significant interaction for the percentage of time to peak velocity. The findings suggested that task constraints may modulate movement performance in specific ways. Effects of effector size might be a consequence of feedforward and feedback control, and location effects might be influenced by both biomechanical and neurological factors.

Movement Control Phases of Upper Body Coordination in Visually Guided Reach Movements

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 834-838
Author(s):  
Shin-Yuan Yu ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Time To Peak

Coordination of human movement includes temporal and spatial aspects. Under the assumption that the implicit movement sequence of body segments may be associated with visual feedback information, the activation timing, time to peak velocity of the hand and sequencing of joint movements were investigated in this study. The results show that variations in movement time with target azimuth and distance fit a quadratic regression model. In addition, the time to peak velocity reveals a movement scaling property in the context of self-imposed movement speed. Finally, the sequencing of joint movement also varies with target azimuth and distance. These motor behavior properties and movement characteristics can be used to model human reach movement in a dynamic manner and to estimate task durations.

scholarly journals Developmental Differences in the Prospective Organisation of Goal-Directed Movement Between Children with Autism and Typically Developing Children: A Smart Tablet Serious Game Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wei Chua ◽  
Szu-Ching Lu ◽  
Anna Anzulewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Sobota ◽  
Christos Tachtatzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Unit

Movement is prospective. It structures self-generated engagement with objects and social partners and is fundamental to children’s learning and development. In autistic children, previous reports of differences in movement kinematics compared to neurotypical peers suggest its prospective organisation might be disrupted. Here, we employed a smart tablet serious game paradigm to assess differences in the feedforward and feedback mechanisms of prospective action organisation, between autistic and neurotypical preschool children. We analysed 3926 goal-directed finger movements made during smart-tablet ecological gameplay, from 28 children with Childhood Autism (ICD-10; ASD) and 43 neurotypical children (TD), aged 3-6 years old. Using linear and generalised linear mixed-effect models, we found the ASD group executed movements with longer Movement Time (MT) and Time to Peak Velocity (TTPV), lower Peak Velocity (PV), with peak velocity less likely to occur in the first movement unit, and with a greater number of Movement Units After Peak Velocity (MU-APV). Interestingly, compared to the TD group, the ASD group showed smaller increases in PV, TTPV and MT with an increase in Age (ASD x Age interaction), together with a smaller reduction in MU-APV and an increase in MU-APV at shorter target distances (ASD x Dist interaction). Our results are the first to highlight different developmental trends in anticipatory feedforward and compensatory feedback mechanisms of control, contributing to differences in movement kinematics observed between autistic and neurotypical children. These findings point to differences in integration of prospective perceptuomotor information, with implications for embodied cognition and learning from self-generated action in autism.

scholarly journals Correlation between temporal-spatial parameters and manual ability of adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Mariana Cunha Artilheiro ◽  
Danielli Souza Speciali ◽  
Bárbara Alves Lopes ◽  
João Carlos Ferrari Correa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Garcia Lucareli
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Manual Ability Classification System

The aim of this study was to verify relation between kinematic variables of temporal-spatial parameters and manual ability and between own temporal-spatial variables during the movement of bring a mug to the mouth in adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP). Sixteen adults with DCP were evaluated by MACS (Manual Ability Classification System), and by temporal-spatial variables of tridimensional kinematics of the movement to bring a bug to the mouth by means of 9 cameras infra-red Vicon(r) MX 40 (Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK). The Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to correlate variables. As a result, we found weak correlation between the classification of manual ability and the adjusting phase (ρ=0.219), the velocity variables - average velocity (ρ=-0.313), peak velocity (ρ=-0.282) and time to peak velocity (ρ=-0.250). No correlation was found between the variables going and returning phase and MACS. Moderate correlation was found between going and returning phase (ρ=0.559), between the going phase and time to peak velocity (ρ=0.518) and between the adjusting phase and peak velocity (ρ=-0.562). A strong correlation was found between the mean velocity and peak velocity (ρ=0.947) and between the adjusting phase and average velocity (ρ=-0.635). In conclusion, functional impairment may be related to longer adjusting phase and decrease of movement speed in subjects with PCD. Kinematic variables were related to each other in moderate and strong way and indicated that the phases runtime influences the movement speed.

scholarly journals Using an accelerometer for analyzing a reach-to-grasp movement after stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Maris Michaelsen ◽  
Raquel Pinheiro Gomes ◽  
Aline Perão Marques ◽  
Letícia Cardoso Rodrigues ◽  
Noé Gomes Borges Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Kinematic Assessment

The purpose of this study was using an accelerometer to access the kinematics of reach-to-grasp movements in subjects with hemiparesis. Eight subjects (59.4 ± 6.9 years old) with chronic hemiparesis (50.9 ± 25.8 months post-stroke) participated in this study. Kinematic assessment was performed using a triaxial accelerometer (EMG Systems, Brazil) attached to the subjects' forearm. Ten reach-to-grasp movements of grabbing a 500ml-size bottle were performed by the subjects with the paretic and the non-paretic upper limbs (ULs). The following space-temporal variables were calculated and used to compare the paretic and non-paretic ULs: movement time (MT), time to reach the peak velocity, absolute and relative (TPV and TPV%MT), relative deceleration duration (DEC%MT), time to peak acceleration (TPA) and peak hand acceleration (PA). Movements were slower in the paretic UL with increased MT, TPA and DEC. The accelerometer allowed to identify of changes in reaching-to-grasp movements of subjects with hemiparesis. When complex systems are not available, accelerometers can be an alternative to measure UL movements.

Comparison of Manipulative Indicators of Students and Therapists Using a Robotic Arm: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9403
Author(s):  
Koike Yuji ◽  
Okino Akihisa ◽  
Takeda Kazuhisa ◽  
Takanami Yasuhiro ◽  
Toyohiro Hamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Extended Position

In this study, the motion therapy elements necessary for student education were clarified through comparison of the therapeutic motion techniques of therapists and students using an educational arm robot (Samothrace: SAMO). Eight therapists and 25 fourth-year students participated. The therapeutic motion therapy task was a reciprocating exercise in which the elbow joint of SAMO was flexed from an extended position and then re-extended. This was performed for three types of muscle tone intensities (mild, moderate, and severe), and the peak velocity, angle ratio, velocity time, and movement time were recorded using SAMO. These data were then compared using analysis of covariance. It was found that the SAMO elbow joint kinematic data generated by therapists differed significantly from those of students for different muscle tones. Multiple comparisons showed that the therapeutic motion techniques of students were associated with a higher peak velocity, smaller peak angle ratio, and shorter peak velocity time and movement time than those of the therapists. Thus, when students learn therapeutic motion techniques, they should be taught to (1) deal with multiple muscle tone intensities and (2) reduce the joint movement speed applied to the patient to extend the exercise time and ensure maximum joint movement range.

scholarly journals The StartReact Effect on Self-Initiated Movements

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Castellote ◽  
M. E. L. Van den Berg ◽  
J. Valls-Solé
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Kinematic ◽  
Preparatory Activity

Preparation of the motor system for movement execution involves an increase in excitability of motor pathways. In a reaction time task paradigm, a startling auditory stimulus (SAS) delivered together with the imperative signal (IS) shortens reaction time significantly. In self-generated tasks we considered that an appropriately timed SAS would have similar effects. Eight subjects performed a ballistic wrist extension in two blocks: reaction, in which they responded to a visual IS, and action, in which they moved when they wished within a predetermined time window. In 20–25% of the trials, a SAS was applied. We recorded electromyographic activity of wrist extension and wrist movement kinematic variables. No effects of SAS were observed in action trials when movement was performed before or long after SAS application. However, a cluster of action trials was observed within 200 ms after SAS. These trials showed larger EMG bursts, shorter movement time, shorter time to peak velocity, and higher peak velocity than other action trials (P<0.001for all), with no difference from Reaction trials containing SAS. The results show that SAS influences the execution of self-generated human actions as it does with preprogrammed reaction time tasks during the assumed building up of preparatory activity before execution of the willed motor action.

Control of sequential movements: evidence for generalized motor programs

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Carter ◽  
D. C. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Movement Sequence ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Total Movement Time

The neuromotor processes underlying the control of rapid sequential limb movements were investigated. Subjects learned to pronate and supinate their forearms rapidly to four target locations in a specific spatio-temporal pattern under two movement-time conditions. The response sequence was first performed in a total movement time of 600 ms. Subjects were then told to produce the movement as quickly as possible while ignoring any timing pattern that they had previously learned. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the biceps brachii and pronator teres muscles. Kinematic and EMG analyses were performed to investigate the temporal characteristics underlying the two movement-time conditions. When subjects produced the response as quickly as possible, average movement time to perform each reversal movement decreased while average peak velocity increased. Average total movement time was reduced by approximately 100 ms. Although movement time decreased, the proportion of total time to perform each movement of the sequence remained essentially invariant between movement-time conditions. Similar results were obtained for velocity. The time at which peak velocity was achieved occurred earlier in absolute time, although when normalized to the proportion of total movement time, the time to reach peak velocity was also invariant. Thus subjects proportionally compressed the entire movement sequence in time. The EMG analysis demonstrated that total EMG time decreased 89 ms on the average when subjects sped up the movement sequence. Thus average burst durations for both the biceps and pronator teres muscles decreased when movement speed increased. When burst durations were normalized to a proportion of total EMG time, the average proportion of time each muscle was active remained invariant. Therefore, the temporal pattern of activity for the biceps and pronator teres muscles were also proportionally compressed. The present experiment provided additional evidence for the structure of generalized motor programs consisting of invariant and variant features. Movement speed was considered a variant feature, which is specified each time the program is executed. Relative timing, the proportion of total time to produce each segment of the response, was considered to be an invariant feature and inherent in the structure of the motor program. Support for the invariance of relative timing was observed at both the kinematic and neuromuscular levels of analyses. Alternative models (9-11, 24) were found inadequate to account for the invariance of relative timing with the variation in movement time observed in the present experiment.

scholarly journals Association Between Finger-to-Nose Kinematics and Upper Extremity Motor Function in Subacute Stroke: A Principal Component Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Jian Chen ◽  
Chang He ◽  
Nan Xia ◽  
Ming-Hui Gu ◽  
Yang-An Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Subacute Stroke

BackgroundKinematic analysis facilitates interpreting the extent and mechanisms of motor restoration after stroke. This study was aimed to explore the kinematic components of finger-to-nose test obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and the associations with upper extremity (UE) motor function in subacute stroke survivors.MethodsThirty-seven individuals with subacute stroke and twenty healthy adults participated in the study. Six kinematic metrics during finger-to-nose task (FNT) were utilized to perform PCA. Clinical assessments for stroke participants included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI).ResultsThree principal components (PC) accounting for 91.3% variance were included in multivariable regression models. PC1 (48.8%) was dominated by mean velocity, peak velocity, number of movement units (NMU) and normalized integrated jerk (NIJ). PC2 (31.1%) described percentage of time to peak velocity and movement time. PC3 (11.4%) profiled percentage of time to peak velocity. The variance explained by principal component regression in FMA-UE (R2 = 0.71) were higher than ARAT (R2 = 0.59) and MBI (R2 = 0.29) for stroke individuals.ConclusionKinematic components during finger-to-nose test identified by PCA are associated with UE motor function in subacute stroke. PCA reveals the intrinsic association among kinematic metrics, which may add value to UE assessment and future intervention targeted for kinematic components for stroke individuals.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/) on 17 October 2019, identifier: ChiCTR1900026656.

Occupational Embeddedness during a Reaching and Placing Task with Survivors of Cerebral Vascular Accident

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Gasser-Wieland ◽  
Martin S. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Accident ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Upper Extremity Movement ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

This study examined the effects of enhanced occupational embeddedness on the upper extremity movement dynamics in survivors of a cerebral vascular accident (CVA). Seventeen persons who survived a CVA participated in this repeated measures study with two conditions. The occupationally embedded (OE) condition involved three labeled soup cans; the nonoccupationally embedded (NOE) condition involved three nonrepresentational clay masses. The task consisted of moving the objects from a kitchen counter to the cabinet with each limb. Movement dynamics were recorded using an electronic goniometer that was attached to each elbow. Dependent variables were movement time, displacement, movement units, peak velocity, and percentage of movement time at which the peak velocity occurred. It was hypothesized that the OE condition would result in significantly different movement dynamics than the NOE condition. It was also hypothesized that the movement dynamics of the affected limb would be significantly different than those of the unaffected limb. During the OE condition, there were significantly fewer movement units and smaller movement times. No significance was found with displacement, peak velocity, or percentage of movement time to peak velocity. Further, there were no significant differences between the two limbs' movement dynamics. The results of this study support the concept that greater occupational embeddedness can promote enhanced motor performance. Specifically, this study suggests that occupationally embedded occupational forms can enhance performance of movement units and movement time in a reaching and placing task with individuals who survived a stroke. Additionally, OE occupational forms do not appear to influence the affected limb differently than the unaffected limb.

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