The CX3C-Chemokine Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is Detectable in Serum of Patients Affected by the Inflammatory Diseases Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
P.L. Minciullo ◽  
M. Patafi ◽  
L. Giannetto ◽  
R.A. Merendino ◽  
G. Di Pasquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Healthy Donors

Fractalkine (FKN) is a chemokine able to mediate the initial capture, firm adhesion, and activation of circulating leukocytes. Many tissues express FKN mRNA and FKN expression is increased during inflammatory conditions. To assess a possible involvement in allergic airway disease, we detected serum levels of FKN in a group of patients affected by allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and found high serum levels of FKN in all patients and in only 26% of healthy donors at lower concentrations. The present results underscore the potential role that this chemokine may play in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ometto ◽  
Lara Friso ◽  
Davide Astorri ◽  
Costantino Botsios ◽  
Bernd Raffeiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Activated Monocytes

Calprotectin is a heterodimer formed by two proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are mainly produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils in the circulation and in inflamed tissues. The implication of calprotectin in the inflammatory process has already been demonstrated, but its role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and monitoring of rheumatic diseases has gained great attention in recent years. Calprotectin, being stable at room temperature, is a candidate biomarker for the follow-up of disease activity in many autoimmune disorders, where it can predict response to treatment or disease relapse. There is evidence that a number of immunomodulators, including TNF-α inhibitors, may reduce calprotectin expression. S100A8 and S100A9 have a potential role as a target of treatment in murine models of autoimmune disorders, since the direct or indirect blockade of these proteins results in amelioration of the disease process. In this review, we will go over the biologic functions of calprotectin which might be involved in the etiology of rheumatic disorders. We will also report evidence of its potential use as a disease biomarker. Impact statement Calprotectin is an acute-phase protein produced by monocytes and neutrophils in the circulation and inflamed tissues. Calprotectin seems to be more sensitive than CRP, being able to detect minimal residual inflammation and is a candidate biomarker in inflammatory diseases. High serum levels are associated with some severe manifestations of rheumatic diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and lung fibrosis. Calprotectin levels in other fluids, such as saliva and synovial fluid, might be helpful in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Of interest is also the potential role of calprotectin as a target of treatment.

scholarly journals IL-10 AND IL-35 AS INFLAMMATION REGULATORS IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND MILD ATOPIC ASTHMA

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cytokines

Background. Significantly less is known about the immunoregulative cytokines, especially in allergic airway disease. This study aims to present the involvement of IL-35 and IL-10 in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic bronchial asthma (BA). Methodology. The study comprised 71 patients –AR, patients with concomitant AR and mild atopic BA, and healthy controls (HC). We examined the serum levels of IL-35 and IL-10, along with other instrumental examinations, between March and September 2021. Findings. Levels of the regulatory cytokines IL-35 and IL-10 were significantly lower in patients than in HC (87.19±11.90 vs. 96.12±1.79 pg/ml; and 30.26±17.55 vs. 111.56±65.03 pg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, threefold higher serum IL-10 levels were found in healthy subjects compared to patients (p = 0.006). No difference in the levels of interleukins was found between the studied groups. Conclusions. Our results indicate that elevated IL-35 and IL-10 may play an essential role in reducing the activity of underlying allergic inflammation in allergic respiratory diseases, although no difference in the levels of the studied cytokines was found between the different groups of patients. Therefore, we can speculate that the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-35 and IL-10 were involved in maintaining the healthy state of no inflammation.

scholarly journals The Study of a Possible Correlation between Serum Levels of Interleukin 17 and Clinical Severity in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. ar.2017.8.0207
Author(s):  
Mai Aly Gharib Aly ◽  
Mohamed Tawfik El Tabbakh ◽  
Waheed Fawzy Heissam ◽  
Said Hamed Abbadi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Cluster Immunotherapy

Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases, which affects ~20% of the world's population. T-helper (Th) type 2 cells produce interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-13, and mediate allergic responses, and these cytokines have been extensively studied as key players in the atopic airway diseases. However, the involvement of Th17 cells and IL-17 in AR has not been clearly examined. Aim To reevaluate AR clinical severity with serum IL-17, whether IL-17 affects the disease alone or in contribution with the atopic predisposition. Patients and Methods During an 18-month period, 39 individuals were divided into three groups: A, (13 control), B (13 with mild-to-moderate AR), and C (13 with severe AR). Both group B and group C patients (26) were subjected to clinical examination and allergy skin testing, and to measurement of both total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-17 levels. Eleven patients with AR then were exposed to 6 months of cluster immunotherapy, whereas the rest of the patients were not exposed. Results Revealed a significant elevation of serum IL-17 levels with an associated increase in serum IgE in the patients with AR compared with controls and revealed that the serum levels of both total serum IgE and IL-17 decreased significantly after cluster immunotherapy. Conclusion These preliminary results added new data about the use of injective immunotherapy as well as reported on the use of sublingual immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Central role of immunoglobulin (Ig) E in the induction of lung eosinophil infiltration and T helper 2 cell cytokine production: inhibition by a non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE antibody.

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Coyle ◽  
K Wagner ◽  
C Bertrand ◽  
S Tsuyuki ◽  
J Bews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Ige Antibody ◽  
Th2 Immune Response

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E are associated with bronchial asthma, a disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. Activation of antigen-specific T helper (Th) 2 cells in the lung with the subsequent release of interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-5 is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we have used a non-anaphylactogenic anti-mouse-IgE antibody to investigate the relationship between IgE, airway eosinophil infiltration, and the production of Th2 cytokines. Immunization of mice with house dust mite antigen increased serum levels of IgE and IgG. Antigen challenge of immunized but not control mice induced an infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage associated with the production of IL-4 and IL-5 from lung purified Thy1.2+ cells activated through the CD3-T cell receptor complex. Administration of the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6h before antigen challenge neutralized serum IgE but not IgG and inhibited the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs and the production of IL-4 and IL-5 but not interferon gamma. Studies performed using an anti-CD23 mAb, CD23 deficient and mast cell deficient mice suggest that anti-IgE mAb suppresses eosinophil infiltration and Th2 cytokine production by inhibiting IgE-CD23-facilitated antigen presentation to T cells. Our results demonstrate that IgE-dependent mechanisms are important in the induction of a Th2 immune response and the subsequent infiltration of eosinophils into the airways. Neutralization of IgE, for example, non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE mAbs may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of allergic airway disease.

scholarly journals Alterations of the Murine Gut Microbiome with Age and Allergic Airway Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Vital ◽  
Jack R. Harkema ◽  
Mike Rizzo ◽  
James Tiedje ◽  
Christina Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Cytokine Analysis ◽  
Old Mice

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of asthma. With advanced age the microbiome and the immune system are changing and, currently, little is known about how these two factors contribute to the development of allergic asthma in the elderly. In this study we investigated the associations between the intestinal microbiome and allergic airway disease in young and old mice that were sensitized and challenged with house dust mite (HDM). After challenge, the animals were sacrificed, blood serum was collected for cytokine analysis, and the lungs were processed for histopathology. Fecal pellets were excised from the colon and subjected to 16S rRNA analysis. The microbial community structure changed with age and allergy development, where alterations in fecal communities from young to old mice resembled those after HDM challenge. Allergic mice had induced serum levels of IL-17A and old mice developed a greater allergic airway response compared to young mice. This study demonstrates that the intestinal bacterial community structure differs with age, possibly contributing to the exaggerated pulmonary inflammatory response in old mice. Furthermore, our results show that the composition of the gut microbiota changes with pulmonary allergy, indicating bidirectional gut-lung communications.

scholarly journals Body mass index and adipokines/cytokines dysregulation in Systemic Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Iannone ◽  
Emanuela Praino ◽  
Cinzia Rotondo ◽  
Dorotea Natuzzi ◽  
Rita Bizzoca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Body fat has regulatory functions through producing cytokines and adipokines whose role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is currently emerging. Changes in body mass, either overweight or underweight status, entail a dysregulation of the cytokines/adipokines network that may impact on SSc disease activity. We evaluated serum levels of adipokines and cytokines in SSc patients and correlated them to clinical features and body mass index (BMI) categories. The study included 89 SSc patients and 26 healthy donors (HD). Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured by Multiplex Immunoassay, and correlated to BMI, waist to hip ratio, and disease specific features. Mann-Whitney U-test or t-Student for unpaired data, Kruskal-Wallis test or ANOVA, were used for comparisons between groups. Spearman’s or Pearson’s test were used for correlation analysis. Serum levels of TNFα, IL-2, leptin, and resistin, were significantly higher in SSc than in HD. The highest levels of IL-17A, IL-2, IL-10, leptin and visfatin were detected in obese SSc patients (p <0.01). Conversely, underweight SSc patients showed the highest TNFα levels (p<0.05), which were negatively correlated with BMI (p=0.05). No correlation between adipokines/cytokines and clinical characteristics was found. Adipokines, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17A were found to be increased in obese SSc patients, but whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be investigated. Intriguingly, underweight patients had higher TNFα levels, suggesting a potential role of TNFα in inducing the cachexia observed in long-lasting disease.

scholarly journals Does unified allergic airway disease impact on lung function and type 2 biomarkers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris RuiWen Kuo ◽  
Rory Chan ◽  
Brian Lipworth
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Positive Skin Prick Test ◽  
Positive Skin

AbstractThe concept of the unified allergic airway disease (UAD) recognises the association between allergic inflammation in the upper and lower airways. Patients with asthma and concomitant allergic rhinitis experience more asthma-related primary and secondary care visits. We therefore aimed to determine differences in asthma control (asthma control questionnaire ACQ-6), lung function (spirometry) and T2 biomarkers (FeNO and Eos) in relation to the presence of allergic rhinitis in patients with allergic asthma. Retrospectively, we evaluated a cohort of 60 consecutive patients with persistent asthma attending our research unit for screening into clinical trials. All included subjects were receiving inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and had a positive skin prick test (SPT) to at least one common aeroallergen to fulfil the criterion of allergic asthma. Patients with UAD had a diagnosis of allergic asthma in addition to established concomitant allergic rhinitis. T2 biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with allergic rhinitis in contrast to those without. FEV1 % predicted and FEF25-75 % predicted were also significantly lower in patients with concomitant allergic rhinitis. However, there was no difference in ACQ-6 observed between groups. In summary, patients with allergic asthma, the presence of concomitant allergic rhinitis is associated with worse lung function and higher type 2 biomarkers.

The Monoclonal Antibody-defined CAR-3 Antigen is a Serological Marker Associated with Pancreatic Carcinoma

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prat ◽  
E. Medico ◽  
P. Piantino ◽  
S. Bretti ◽  
F.P. Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Healthy Donors

The monoclonal antibody-defined CARS antigen is a new carcinoma associated marker which is expressed on a mucin-like molecule. Serum concentrations of CARS were assayed in 181 patients with carcinomas of different organs, 20 patients with non-carcinomatous malignancies, 123 patients with inflammatory diseases and 150 healthy controls. Serum levels of CARS were significantly increased in 51% of the patients with pancreatic carcinomas, in 60% of patients with biliary tract carcinomas and in about 15% of the patients with carcinomas of the digestive apparatus. Sera from patients with breast carcinomas were negative, as well as sera from patients with melanomas or sarcomas. CAR-3 values in samples from patients with chronic pancreatitis were constantly negative, as were samples from healthy donors. Significant concentrations of CAR-3 were detected in 20% of the sera from patients with acute pancreatitis and in 15% of the sera from patients with cirrhosis. Because of its high specificity for pancreatic carcinomas compared to chronic pancreatitis, CARS seems a promising marker for distinguishing between neoplastic and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pancreas, whose differential diagnosis is difficult.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF HLA AND CYTOKINES OF BLOOD WITH ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
M. Kolesnyk ◽  
V. Driyanska ◽  
G. Drannik ◽  
O. Petrina ◽  
M. Velychko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Lower Serum Level ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effects

Cytokines and HLA take important part in immunogenesis of many diseases, therefore the analysis of these indices and this associations in dependence of glomerulonephritis (GN) can define their value as the additional prognostic markers. Aim of the work is to determine the of associations the high serum levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-17) and peculiarities of some HLA in phenotype to substantiate of chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome (CGN, NS) immunogen- esis and to ascertain the additional prognostic markers. Materials and methods. There was studied the HLA-antigens distribution in the 264 adult patients CGN, NS (the diagnosis was confirmed morphologically using the thin needle nephrobiopsy) and 350 healthy donors by typing the lymphocytes with the aid of standard microlymphocytotoxic test (Terasaki’s test). HLA antigens were defined using a standard microlymphocytotoxic test on the Terasaki's planchette with special panels ofanti-HLA serums (20 antigens of locus A, 31 - B and 9 - DR). The etiologic fraction (attributive risks ) was counted using the formula: ct = x - y/I - y, where x - frequency of antigen in patients and y - frequency in healthy. The ct reading was considered significant when it exceeded 0,1. Using ELISA, the level of the cytokines was studied in the blood serum - IL-4 in 76 and IL-17 – 79 patients. Results. HLA-A23, -24, -28, -B8, -38, -41, -44, DR1, -4, -w52 in adults patients have associations (RR>2) CGN, NS; the attributive risk (AR) (<j>0,1) to develop GN detected in patients have A24, A28, B8, DR 1, 4, w52. The CGN, NS patients has statistically higher serum level of the IL-4 and IL-17, with more high indices of this cytokines in patients with attributive risk antigens HLA-A24 and A-28. The highest levels of IL-17 detected also in adults case have B14 and B38, which associated with steroid sensitive NS. HLA-B8, which associated with steroid resistant NS, have more patients with CGN, NS with lower serum level of antiinflammatory IL-4. Conclusion. The patients with CGN, NS have associations of HLA and serum levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-17, which play role of additional prognostic predictors.

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