Immunohistochemistry of CA 125

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nap
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Gynecological Tumors ◽  
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Number Of Publications ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Formalin Fixed

CA 125 is known as the marker that is most strongly associated with epithelial gynecological tumors. Compared to the number of publications on its use in serum assays, the application in immunohistochemistry is still limited. The availability of many good antibodies that perform well in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue opens good possibilities for a wider use. Outside the gynecological tract several other structures may react positive for CA 125. Among these are the lung and breast but also the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and to some extent prostate glandular epithelium. In the fetus reactions can be found in the serosal linings of body cavities but also in the esophagus and skin. In diagnostic pathology CA 125 plays a role in identifying the primary locations of metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin. It is recommended to use CA 125 antibodies not in a solitary setting but in combination with CEA, BRST-2 and Vimentin to discriminate best between the most frequent sites of origin of metastatic carcinoma. Regular analysis of sensitivity/specificity ratios in a balanced population, representing the composition of the patient population seen in daily practice, should be performed to evaluate the position of CA 125 in diagnostic immunohistochemistry.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cured and not cured testicular and other germ cell tumors (GCT).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 485-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon David Bernard ◽  
Laurence Albiges ◽  
Sabina Signoretti ◽  
Jesse Novak ◽  
Michelle S. Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
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Programmed Death ◽  
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Tumor Types ◽  
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485 Background: PD-L1 is involved in immune regulation and is prognostic in many tumor types. The aim of this study was to assess PD-L1 expression in orchiectomy and metastases (mets) from GCT and to assess for an association with outcome. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole sections from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) and Gustave Roussy (IGR) was performed using anti-PD-L1 antibody E1L3N. Stained slides were scored semi-quantitatively and assessed independently. At DFCI, PD-L1 was scored as percent of positive tumor cells (TC) and extent of positive immune cell (IC) infiltrate; at IGR, a cut-off of 5% defined positive TC and IC. PD-L1 status was assessed by site, histology and chemotherapy (CT) status. PD-L1 status was correlated with clinical outcome. Most samples at DFCI were pre-CT (74.2%) whereas most at IGR were post-CT (85.4%). Results: IHC from 171 patients with GCT (89 DFCI, 82 IGR) from 1987-2014 was reviewed. The DFCI cohort included 69 orchiectomy, 15 mets and 5 unknown origin with 28 total deaths; the IGR cohort included 26 lung mets, 36 mediastinal or retroperitoneal lymph node mets and 20 primary mediastinal tumors. DFCI had 38 seminoma (S), 50 nonseminoma (NS) and 1 unknown; at IGR, 13 S and 69 NS. In both cohorts, PD-L1 staining in IC was higher in S (DFCI 33/38 moderate (mod)-high (86.8%); IGR 12/13 positive (92.3%)) vs. NS (DFCI 26/50 mod-high (52.0%); IGR 35/68 positive (51.5%)) (DFCI p = 0.003; IGR p = 0.006). At DFCI, 5 samples had PD-L1 positive TC (2 mixed GCT, 2 pure choriocarcinomas (CC) and 1 S); at IGR, 14 had positive TC (all NS, including 11 pure CC). More PD-L1 positive TC were CC than other GCT types (DFCI p = 0.003; IGR p < 0.001). In 36 S orchiectomy samples at DFCI, 0/4 that scored none-mild died and 2/31 (6.5%) that scored mod-high died (p = 1.00); in 30 NS orchiectomy samples, 4/9 (44.4%) that scored none-mild died and 2/16 (12.5%) that scored mod-high died (p = 0.14). Conclusions: Higher PD-L1 status in orchiectomy is not associated with GCT survival. PD-L1 positive TC may serve as a histological marker for CC among NS. Higher PD-L1 expression on IC in S and on TC in CC may point to immunotherapy as a therapeutic option in these tumors.

A103 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Tumors

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Loy ◽  
Roy W. Phillips ◽  
Chadwick L. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Adrenal Metastases ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
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Adrenal Cortical Cells ◽  
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Abstract Context.—The monoclonal antibody A103 recognizes an antigen on melanoma cells known as Melan-A or MART-1. Recent studies have shown that A103 also reacts with adrenal cortical cells and may be useful in the diagnosis of adrenal cortical tumors. However, only small numbers of some of the tumors in the differential diagnosis of adrenal cortical neoplasms have been studied. Objective.—To study the specificity of A103 immunohistochemistry in a large number of tumors in the differential diagnosis of adrenal cortical neoplasms. Design.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 21 adrenal cortical tumors, 16 cases of metastatic carcinoma to the adrenal, 10 pheochromocytomas, and 269 extra-adrenal carcinomas was evaluated for A103 immunoreactivity using a commercially available antibody (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK). Results.—Positive staining was seen in all of the adrenal cortical tumors but in none of the adrenal metastases or pheochromocytomas. In the 269 extra-adrenal carcinomas, A103 immunoreactivity was limited to a single ovarian serous carcinoma. Conclusion.—A103 immunostaining is useful in distinguishing adrenal cortical neoplasms from other carcinomas and pheochromocytoma.

KRAS mutation analysis in genomic DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue: evaluation of a strip-based reverse-hybridisation assay

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Kriegshäuser ◽  
Veronika Auner ◽  
Eva Schuster ◽  
Barbara Holzer ◽  
Christian Oberkanins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
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Ffpe Samples ◽  
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Reverse Hybridisation Assay

AimsTo evaluate a reverse-hybridisation assay (strip assay) designed for the sensitive detection of 10 mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene. The strip assay relies on mutant-enriched PCR followed by reverse-hybridisation of biotinylated amplification products to oligonucleotide probes immobilised as an array of parallel lines on nitrocellulose test strips.MethodsThe strip assay was used to analyse genomic DNA isolated from 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) ovarian tissue samples. The samples were analysed in parallel using a biochip-based protocol (biochip assay) covering the same mutation spectrum, and results were compared with respect to sensitivity, specificity and operational input.ResultsThe strip assay identified 19 (16%) of 120 FFPE samples to carry a KRAS mutation; results were in agreement with those obtained by biochip hybridisation. Both assays had an analytical sensitivity of 1% when performed on FFPE-extracted DNA with approximately the same operational input needed for post-PCR processing. In contrast to the biochip assay, strip assay hybridisation may be automated to a large extent.ConclusionsThe strip assay is an accurate and sensitive tool for the low to medium throughput detection of KRAS mutation in genomic DNA isolated from FFPE tissue.

scholarly journals Ultrasensitive gene fusion detection reveals fusion variant associated tumor heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhengbo Song ◽  
Chloe Yufan Bao ◽  
Chunwei Xu ◽  
Wenxian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Cryptic Splice Site ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
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Novel Method ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Fusion Detection ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Gene fusions are common drivers and therapeutic targets in cancers, but clinical-grade bioinformatics callers are lacking. Here we introduce a novel method SplitFusion, which is fast by leveraging BWA-MEM split alignments, can detect cryptic splice site fusions, and can infer frame-ness and exon-boundary alignments for functional prediction and minimizing false-positives. SplitFusion demonstrates superior sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and consumes minimal computing resources. In our study of 1,076 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer samples, SplitFusion detected not only common fusions (EML4 4.7%, ROS1 2.0% and RET 1.1%) with various partners, but also rare (KLC1-ALK, CD74-NRG1, and TPR-NTRK1) and novel (FGFR3-JAKMP1, CLIP2-BRAF, and ITPR2-ETV6) fusions. In 35 glioblastoma samples, SplitFusion-Target detected six (17%) EGFR vIII (exons 2-7 deletion) cases. Furthermore, we find that the EML4-ALK variant 3 is significantly associated with occurrence of multiple breakpoint-defined subclones, namely high intratumor heterogeneity. In conclusion, SplitFusion is well-suited for clinical use and for studying fusion-defined tumor heterogeneity.

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