Influence of non-scorer floater and numerical superiority on novices’ tactical behaviour and skill efficacy during basketball small-sided games

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110219
Author(s):  
Laura Beatriz Faleiro Diniz ◽  
Sarah da Glória Teles Bredt ◽  
Gibson Moreira Praça
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Numerical Equality ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Game Performance

The study compared the tactical behaviour and skill efficacy of young novice basketball players during small-sided games (SSGs) in situations of numerical equality (3vs.3), numerical superiority (3vs.2), and a non-scorer floater (3vs.3 + 1). A total of forty-five schoolchildren (11.55 ± 0.49 years) from both sexes with no previous experience in basketball participated in ten four-minute SSGs of each format for four 1-h sessions. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument was used to analyse tactical behaviour and skill efficacy. Friedman’s test, Dunn’s post hoc test, and r effect size were used to compare the variables between SSGs. Pass inefficacy (3vs.3 > 3vs.2; p = 0.004; large effect), rebound efficacy (3vs.2 > 3vs.3 + 1 and 3vs.3; p = 0.002; large effect), support (3vs.3 > 3vs.3 + 1 e 3vs.2; p = 0.002; medium effect), and guard/mark (3vs.2 > 3vs.3 and 3vs.3 + 1; p = 0.001; medium effect) showed significant differences between SSGs. The results support the hypothesis that an unbalanced SSG is less complex than an SSG with numerical equality, as the technical-tactical performance is higher in unbalanced SSGs.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Metode Latihan Imagery terhadap Kosentrasi dan Keterampilan Bermain Sepakbola

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Dzaki Riyadi ◽  
Hadi Sartono ◽  
Komarudin Komarudin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Grid Test

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh pelatihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain atlet sepak bola UKM PS UPI. Kemampuan kosentrasi dan keterampilan merupakan aspek penting pada setiap cabang olahraga yang wajib dimiliki oleh setiap atlet khususnya pada permainan sepak bola. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Populasi yang digunakan adalah atlet sepak bola UKM PS UPI berjumlah 86 atlet. Sampel yang di ambil di UKM PS UPI berjumlah 16 atlet dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel diberikan latihan Imagery 16 kali pertemuan, seminggu 3 kali. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan CGT (Concentration Grid Test) GPAI (Game Performance Assessment Instrument). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepak bola atlet UKM PS UPI Bandung dengan menunjukan hasil peningkatan yang signifikan. Penulis menyarankan bahwa latihan Imagery seharusnya dimasukan dalam sebuah program latihan, sehingga setiap sesi latihan para atlet diberikan Imagery untuk meningkatkan kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepakbola.

Statistical power of negative randomized clinical trials (RCTs) presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meetings

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6516-6516
Author(s):  
P. Bedard ◽  
M. K. Krzyzanowska ◽  
M. Pintilie ◽  
I. F. Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adequate Sample Size

6516 Background: Underpowered randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may expose participants to risks and burdens of research without scientific merit. We investigated the prevalence of underpowered RCTs presented at ASCO annual meetings. Methods: We surveyed all two-arm parallel phase III RCTs presented at the ASCO annual meeting from 1995–2003 where differences for the primary endpoint were non-statistically significant. Post hoc calculations were performed using a power of 80% and a=0.05 (two-sided) to determine the sample size required to detect a small, medium, and large effect size between the two groups. For studies reporting a proportion or time to event as a primary endpoint, effect size was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) respectively, with a small effect size defined as OR/HR=1.3, medium effect size OR/HR=1.5, and large effect OR/HR=2.0. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with lack of statistical power. Results: Of 423 negative RCTs for which post hoc sample size calculations could be performed, 45 (10.6%), 138 (32.6%), and 333 (78.7%) had adequate sample size to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes respectively. Only 35 negative RCTs (7.1%) reported a reason for inadequate sample size. In a multivariable model, studies presented at plenary or oral sessions (p<0.0001) and multicenter studies supported by a co-operative group were more likely to have adequate sample size (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Two-thirds of negative RCTs presented at the ASCO annual meeting do not have an adequate sample to detect a medium-sized treatment effect. Most underpowered negative RCTs do not report a sample size calculation or reasons for inadequate patient accrual. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bermain Sepakbola Melalui Pendekatan Taktis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Suhari Suhari
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Game Performance

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterampilan bermain sepakbola siswa kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 2 Garawangi yang masih rendah sehingga mempengaruhi terhadap capaian nilai sebagian besar siswa dibawah KKM dengan nilai 73. Tujuan dari Penelitian Tindakan kelas ini untuk memperbaiki untuk memperbaiki proses dan hasil belajar keterampilan bermain sepakbola melalui suatu pendekatan pembelajaran taktis guna mencapai keberhasilan pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus yaitu siklus I pertemuan 1-2 dan siklus II pertemuan 3-4. Populasi penelitian siswa kelas VIII berjumlah 245, sedangkan sampel penelitian kelas VIII F berjumlah 33 siswa. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan bermain sepakbola adalah Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu; 1) data kuantitatif berupa penilaian ketuntasan belajar, dan 2) data kualitatif dipaparkan dalam kalimat yang dipisahkan menurut kategori untuk memperoleh kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan taktis sangat tepat untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bermain sepakbola siswa kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 2 Garawangi. Hal tersebut di tunjukan dari hasil analisis yang didapatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pada setiap siklus yang meningkat. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata nilai siswa sebesar 62,27 sedangkan pada siklus II nilai hasil belajar siswa rata-ratanya sebesar 76,76 ini menandakan siswa sudah mencapai KKM sehingga dengan diterapkannya pendekatan taktis dapat meningkatkan keterampilan bermain sepakbola, hal ini di tunjukan bahwa prosentase ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan yang tinggi yaitu dari 20% menjadi 73%.

scholarly journals Implementasi Gaya Mengajar Discovery untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Soccer Like Games Siswa Sekolah Dasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jaya pratama Singgih
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Assessment Format ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Game Performance

This study aims to improve the skill of playing football through soccer like games through the implementation of the teaching style of discovery. The research uses class action research methods, with the subject of researchers being a student of Kela V numbering 30 students. Consisting of (13 male and 17 female). The Instrument used is the assessment format of Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). The results showed an increase, the average pre-test scores that the students gained was 71, and the average value students gained in the last cycle of 78. It can be concluded that the teaching style of discovery can improve the skill of playing students in soccer-like games learning in the 5th grade students at SDN Gegerkalong KPAD in Bandung. AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bermain sepakbola melalui permainan soccer like games melalui penerapan gaya mengajar discovery. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan subjek peneliti adalah siswa kela V yang berjumlah 30 siswa. terdiri dari (13 laki-laki dan 17 perempuan). Instrument yang digunakan yaitu format penilaian Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan, nilai rata-rata pre-tes yang diperoleh siswa sebesar 71, dan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa pada siklus terakhir sebesar 78. Peningkatan keterampilan bermain siswa kelas 5 SDN KPAD Gegerkalong dalam pembelajaran permainan soccer-like games mengalami peningkatan melalui implementasi gaya mengajar discovery. 

Incorporating a Motion Analysis App in Middle School Badminton Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyeonho Yu ◽  
Hans van der Mars ◽  
Peter A. Hastie ◽  
Pamela H. Kulinna
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
Class A ◽  
Skill Test ◽  
Class B ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Game Performance

Purpose: Mobile applications (apps) may help students develop their motor skills by using instant, augmented feedback. This study incorporated an app technology that may support students’ skill and game play development during a badminton unit. Methods: Two eighth-grade classes participated in the study (the teacher only used the app in Class A; students used the app in Class B). The Poole forehand overhead clear shot skill test, game performance assessment instrument, and opportunity to respond observation tool were used to measure students’ skill and game improvement in the study. Students in both intervention classes improved in the clear shot skill, game performance assessment instrument scores, and opportunity to respond rates throughout the badminton unit. Further research on the use of such app technologies should focus on how the apps can be innovative to foster student learning in game play within a variety of contexts in physical education settings.

The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI): Some Concerns and Solutions for Further Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Memmert ◽  
Stephen Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Game Performance

The purpose of this article is to discuss some concerns with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). This review of the GPAI includes five perceived problems with the GPAI scoring and coding system: (1) calculation of individual and overall game performance indices, (2) use of game involvement versus game performance index to analyze game performance, (3) observer reliability, (4) nonlinearity, and (5) usefulness of action. In this article, we suggest a reexamination of the GPAI scoring and coding system that will lead to more efficient use of this game performance instrument. Some of the suggested modifications can be implemented quickly, whereas others need further research.

scholarly journals La evaluación en educación física a través del "Game Performance Assessment Instrument" (GPAI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Javier Aguilar Sánchez ◽  
Ignacio Martín Tamayo ◽  
Luis Javier Chirosa Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Game Performance

scholarly journals Bilateral Symmetry of Jumping and Agility in Professional Basketball Players: Differentiating Performance Levels and Playing Positions

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Sime Versic ◽  
Miran Pehar ◽  
Toni Modric ◽  
Vladimir Pavlinovic ◽  
Miodrag Spasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
F Test ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
And Performance

Although functional asymmetry is very common and normal in professional athletes, the better interlimb symmetry between dominant and nondominant sides (bilateral symmetry) could contribute to successful performance in basketball. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of bilateral symmetry of the one-leg jumping and agility performances in differentiating basketball players according to their (i) playing position (guards, forwards, and centers) and (ii) performance levels (first division vs. second division). The participants were 102 professional male basketball players, with all members of the teams competing in the two highest national divisions at the moment of testing (height: 194.92 ± 8.09 cm; body mass: 89.33 ± 10.91 kg; 21.58 ± 3.92 years of age). Performance levels (first division, N = 58 vs. second division, N = 44) and playing positions (guards, N = 48; forwards, N = 22; centers, N = 32) were observed as dependent variables. We measured one-leg jumping capacities (running vertical jump and lay-up vertical jump), basketball-specific preplanned agility (CODS), and basketball-specific reactive agility (RAG), all executed on dominant and nondominant sides. Accordingly, the bilateral symmetry of jumping and agility was calculated by calculating the ratio of the corresponding performances on the dominant and nondominant sides. Factorial analysis of variance (performance levels × positions) indicated that the bilateral symmetry of one-leg jumping differentiated players according to their playing position, with better bilateral symmetry among guards (F-test = 6.11 (medium effect size) and 5.81 (small effect size), p < 0.05 for lay-up and running-jump symmetry, respectively). Performance levels significantly differed in the bilateral symmetry of lay-up jump, with better symmetry for first-division players (F-test = 10.11 (medium effect size), p < 0.001), which was mostly influenced by significant differences among guards. Playing positions and performance levels did not differ in bilateral symmetry of the CODS and RAG. The study reveals the importance of bilateral symmetry of the sport-specific performance in differentiating playing positions and performance levels in basketball. Further studies in other multidirectional sports and other sport-specific performances are warranted.

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