A Victorian fraudster and bigamist: Gentleman or criminal?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-455
Author(s):  
Guy N Woolnough
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
Neutralization Theory ◽  
Habitual Criminal ◽  
The Law

This article examines the case of a Victorian gentleman who operated at the tipping point between respectable gentleman and habitual criminal. The case of Henry Wilshin allows an exploration of ideas of class and respectability in Victorian England and the problematics of the distinction between the gentleman and the convict: an analysis of Wilshin’s escapades places the deconstruction of the ‘crimes of the law-abiding’ in a Victorian context. The issues remain relevant today in debates concerning the banking industry. In the mid-19th century the expanding commercial enterprise of industrial Britain presented opportunities that were grasped by the unscrupulous, but the distinction between licit and illicit activity was far from clear. A gentleman offender like Henry Wilshin challenged Victorian assumptions of respectability. This article analyses Wilshin’s career in the context of Victorian ideas of middle-class respectability and the operations of commerce. Neutralization theory will be advanced to reconcile the contradictions in Wilshin’s life.

scholarly journals A nemzetiségi törvény szlovák szemmel

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Barna Ábrahám
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

As a starting point, the study underlines that one cannot speak about a homogenous Slovak nation and politics in the middle of the 19th century; therefore, it gives an overview of the plebeian-middle-class movement, of its system of values, programme, and documents in 1848—1849, 1861, and in the period of the Compromise negotiations. Afterwards, it presents the nobility of Upper Hungary, with a Slovak mother tongue and ethnic feeling, who, according to its identity in the framework of the states, has belonged to the feudal Natio Hungarica. As the narrower focus of the study, the author takes the Slovak perspective and summarizes the ethnic dimensions of the activity of parliaments in 1861 and from 1865 on. The Slovak national movement could not send its own deputy, the interests of the Slavs of northern Hungary thus being represented by Adolf Dobriansky, born as a Ruthenian; however, the Nationalities Law, Art. 1868: XLIV. could be codified rather due to the mentioned Slovak-speaking nobility, standing behind the party of Ferenc Deák. Finally, we are provided a picture of the rival programmes of different newspapers that divided the Slovak public opinion, and in connection with the law we can read about their first reactions and experiences.

The Grimm Tales in 19th Century Denmark1

Target ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214
Author(s):  
Cay Dollerup
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Brothers Grimm ◽  
High Esteem

Abstract In most countries, the Tales of the brothers Grimm become known by degrees, beginning with one or two stories or a small selection. The situation in Denmark is not typical for a variety of reasons: the Grimms had close personal contacts with prominent Danes. Culturally their Tales belonged to a distant pangermanic tradition common to Danes and Germans. Therefore the first volume of tales (1812) was soon translated into Danish. The initial high esteem is felt to this day as a strong tradition of 'respectable and faithful translations'. Yet changes in market forces and reading audiences have created two more strata in the translational heritage of the Grimm Tales in Danish. The Grimm tradition has also responded to changes in Danish middle-class perception of Germany.

scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

scholarly journals The royal blood. Polish descendants of Sigismund I the Old and Katarzyna Telniczanka in the old Polish times

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-66
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Anusik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Long Time

The research undertaken by the Author concentrates on Polish descendants of Regina, the elder of two daughters of King Sigismund I the Old and his long time mistress – Katarzyna Telniczanka. Until now, it was assumed that the last descendants of the king were his great-grandsons – Władysław Strasz of Białaczów and his sister Krystyna who lived in the first half of the 17th century. Thanks to the documents found by the Author, it was possible to establish that the mother of the above-mentioned Władysław and Krystyna – Urszula Strasz née Kreza, had a sister – Zofia, who married Baltazar Lutomirski. From her daughter, Zofia née Lutomirski 1st married Stanisław Trembiński (Trębiński), 2nd married Franciszek Szamowski, come all descendants of Sigismund I the Old and Katarzyna Telniczanka, both historical and living ones. The article presents a list of all the king’s descendants from the beginning of the 16th to the turn of the 18th and 19th century. In total, it was 114 people (58 men and 56 women). It is worth noting that until the end of the first quarter of the 17thcentury, the descendants of Sigismund I and Katarzyna Telniczanka were Calvinists. They were almost exclusively representatives of wealthy and middle-class nobles. There were no senators among them and only a few were land officers. Yet, the Author’s list of descendants of the penultimate Jagiellon on the Polish throne is by no means complete. In a few cases it was impossible to find a source that would confirm whether a married couple mentioned in the article had children. Many times the Author had to underline that the fate of a certain person is unknown to him. This stands a chance for further researchers to fill that gap.

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING OF SOCIAL HOLIDAYS: NEW RULES FOR BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Bezverkhyi ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Yurchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Unpaid Leave ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Modern Ukrainian legislation regulates the provision of various types of leave, which are not only a time of rest, but may have a special purpose for the employee. The Law of Ukraine «On Holidays» of 15.11.1996 № 504-96 (hereinafter - the Law № 504) indicates the annual basic paid leave, unpaid leave, social, educational and creative leave. At present, considerable attention is not paid to accounting for accrual, taxation and payment of social leave, in particular: maternity leave, childcare leave for children under 3 years of age, as well as social leave for employees with children under 15 years of age. One of the main tasks set before the accountant for payroll calculations - timely and accurate calculation of vacation pay, and the need - to make their recalculation in a timely manner, because it is the accountant's responsibility for the correctness of the calculations. Given this fact, the employer will not have to pay compensation to employees for incorrectly accrued and paid vacation pay. Instead, the employee has the right to know from which indicators he was calculated and paid leave, and in case of disagreement will be able to appeal their amount. The accountant is required to pay special attention when calculating social and other types of leave, because these payments, in addition to the employees of the enterprise, are interested in regulatory bodies for compliance with labor legislation (including the State Labor Service of Ukraine), tax authorities (in terms of income tax perosnals (hereinafter - PIT), military duty (hereinafter - MD) and a single contribution and compulsory state social insurance (hereinafter - CCS); recognition of vacation pay as part of income taxpayer expenses). Therefore, the issues of accounting for accrual, taxation and payment of social leave and related accruals are extremely relevant today. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the accounting and reporting of social leave at the enterprise. Methods. The following methods were used during the study: theoretical generalization and grouping (to classify the types of social leave and set deadlines for their provision); formalization, analysis and synthesis (to substantiate the areas of disclosure of information on social leave in the accounts and in the reporting of enterprises); logical generalization of results (formulation of conclusions). Results. In the course of the research the author's approach to the reflection in the accounting and reporting of social leave to which employees of the enterprise are entitled was formed. Discussion. In further research, it is proposed to focus on the order of documentation and reflection in the accounts and in the reporting of such types of social leave as leave in connection with pregnancy and childbirth; childcare leave; additional social leave for children, etc. This will improve the methodology and organization of accounting for other payments at the enterprise.

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