Nonviolent struggle between norm and technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 175508822110397
Author(s):  
Kyle BT Lambelet
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Full Account

Standard stories about the development of the study of nonviolent struggle characterize the maturation of the field as moving from principle to pragmatics, norm to technique. This big story about the field’s development is crystalized in the supposed dichotomy between principled and pragmatic nonviolence; a dichotomy that though common sense for those teaching and researching the repertoires of nonviolent struggle occludes the elision of critical normativity. Through a genealogical retrieval of Gene Sharp’s reading of Max Weber, this article unsettles this story. I argue that the turn to technique in the study of nonviolent struggle is itself a normative turn. Redescribing the turn to technique as itself normative, however, is not enough for a comprehensive description of the dynamics of nonviolent struggle. I develop this insight further by arguing that a recovery of the virtue of prudence, or practical reason, is necessary for a full account of nonviolent struggle.

‘Community’ and ‘Work’ as Concepts of Religious Thought in Eighteenth-Century Württemberg Pietism

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Hartmut Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
German Society ◽  
Church History ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
The Impact

Unlike English and American Puritanism, German Pietism has hardly ever been used as an example in works on religious sociology and general modern history. Max Weber, in his famous study on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1904–5, pointed out that Pietism in Germany was, with regard to his thesis, in many ways similar to Puritanism in England and America. Yet those following the Weberian tradition and most of those studying religious sociology, or writing general modern history, rarely pay attention to German Pietism. This has meant that, first, most of the research on Pietism has been and is still being done by church historians. Accordingly, in works other than on church history, little can be found on Pietism. Second, until now there has been no thorough analysis or comprehensive description of the impact of Pietism on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century German society, culture, politics, or economics. Third, certain specific Pietist concepts, such as the concepts of ‘community’ and ‘work’, which possess a central position in modern sociology and were influential far beyond the ranks of the Pietists themselves, have not been investigated and thereby introduced into comparative studies.

Parfit on the Irrelevance of Deontological Distinctions

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
F. M. Kamm
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Decisive Reason ◽  
Problem Versus ◽  
Case Based

This chapter concerns Derek Parfit’s discussion in his On What Matters, volume 3 of the irrelevance of deontological distinctions. Parfit begins by expressing his concern that morality will be undermined because practical reason, which tells us all things considered what to do, will often conflict with what we consider to be morally right. Unlike Sidgwick, Parfit does not begin by identifying morality with a part of impartial practical reason but rather with what he considers common sense deontology. Also, unlike Sidgwick, he thinks it is clear that sometimes self-interest (which provides some reason even impartially considered) is overridden by (other) impartial practical reasons (e.g., there is decisive reason to give one’s penny to save millions of other people). This chapter first considers how Parfit thinks one’s practical reason should reconcile concerns about self-sacrifice, pursuing the greater good, and morality. It then considers his use of case-based reasoning to undermine moral principles embodying such distinctions as harming versus not aiding, harming as a mere means versus as a side effect, and redirecting threats (as in the Trolley Problem) versus starting new ones.

scholarly journals Phenomenological understanding of M. Weber's postulate of subjective interpretation in A. Schütz's work

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Snežana Popić
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Central Place ◽  
First Order ◽  
Central Attention ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interpretative Sociology

Max Weber, as the founder of interpretative sociology, left a significant influence on phenomenological, that is, reflective sociology. His concept of understanding (Verstehen) gained a modified role in the sociological theoretical-methodological directions that emerged during the twentieth century. Understanding is not only a methodological procedure of interpreting social reality but also a condition of its intersubjectivity as a special experiential form. Therefore, in this paper, the theoretical schemes and methodological strategies of Max Weber and Alfred Schütz are problematised with the central attention to the use of the postulate of subjective interpretation. This postulate is presented within the phenomenological sociological model, primarily in the sense of the general principle of constructing types of flow-actions, that is, the typification necessary for social harmonisation of participants in the common-sense world. Since the model of scientific constructs is based on the model of common sense constructs as first-order constructs, this postulate also gained its central place in the methodological sense, as one of three possible forms - experiential, epistemological, and methodological. In the wake of all previously analysed, the specificity of the phenomenological understanding of the concept of action is also pointed out.

Freedom in Kant’s Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-149
Author(s):  
John Skorupski
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Political Views

This chapter turns to the philosophical revolution of Kant. Starting from what he described as his ‘Copernican’ revolution in epistemology, it examines what he took to be its implications, negative and positive, for metaphysics, ethics, and religion. It examines Kant’s account of freedom as autonomy; his moral theory and its basis in the categorical imperative; his conception of the relation between morality and practical reason; and his ethical views and ideals. His political views are examined in relation to the ideas identified in Chapter I, particularly those of the revolutionary thinker Sieyès. In the concluding section Kant’s critical and hermeneutic stance in metaphysics and ethics is defended. It is argued, however, that while transcendental idealism is a powerful response to the problem of knowledge, it is not required for a full account of freedom, will, and reason.

scholarly journals The Musculature and limb plexuses of Trichosurus vulpecula.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Skeletal Musculature ◽  
Marsupial Species

A full account is presented of the anatomy of the skeletal musculature of the marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula, its innervation is noted, and an outline of the brachial and lumbo-sacral plexuses is given, the findings reported being the results of a study involving five separate animals. All discrepancies between the findings of this investigation and those previously reported for the species are noted, a comparison is made with the muscles described for other marsupials, and the relatively few unusual features shown by this species are pointed out. From this comparison it is concluded that the musculature shows a fairly generalized pattern and bears a closer resemblance, both in its overall structure and in the few uncommon features that it presents, to the cuscuses than to any other marsupials that have been adequately described. The cuscuses, which have been described in the literature quoted in this paper under the generic names Phalangista, Cuscus, and Phalanger are the only other members of the Phalangerinae for which adequate accounts of the muscular system are available. This work, apart from providing the most comprehensive description yet given of the musculature of any single marsupial species, furnishes additional evidence for the view that the vulpine phalanger is a typical phalangerine of a basic generalized marsupial structure such as probably characterized the original phalangeroid stock.

Rationalizing: Kant on Moral Self-Deception

SATS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Noller
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sensus Communis ◽  
Freedom And Responsibility

Abstract Kant’s moral philosophy is challenged by the so-called “Socratic Paradox”: If free will and pure practical reason are to be identified, as Kant argues, then there seems to be no room for immoral actions that are to be imputed to our individual freedom. The paper argues that Kant’s conception of rationalizing (“Vernünfteln”) helps us to avoid the Socratic Paradox, and to understand how immoral actions can be imputed to our individual freedom and responsibility. In rationalizing, we misuse our capacity of reason in order to construct the illusion according to which we are not bound to the absolute demand of the moral law, but rather subject to exceptions and excuses. Finally, the paper interprets the three rules of “common sense” (sensus communis) in Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment in terms of an antidote to rationalizing.

The Oxford Dictionary of Original Shakespearean Pronunciation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crystal
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Extensive Introduction ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
First Folio ◽  
Sound Files

Over 20,000 entriesThis dictionary is the first comprehensive description of Shakespearean original pronunciation (OP), enabling practitioners to answer any queries about the pronunciation of individual words. It includes all the words in the First Folio, transcribed using IPA, and provides sound files as an additional aid to pronunciation. It details the main pronunciation evidence in the texts, notably all spelling variants and rhymes. An extensive introduction provides a full account of the aims, evidence, history, and current use of OP in relation to Shakespeare productions as well as other uses. It is an invaluable resource for producers, directors, actors, and others wishing to present Shakespeare's plays or poetry in original pronunciation, as well as for students and academics in the fields of literary criticism and Shakespeare studies more generally.

Common Sense Liposuction Tips

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nancy Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense
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