Astrophysical Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields permeate space and affect many major astrophysical phenomena, but they are often ignored due to their perceived complexity. This self-contained introduction to astrophysical magnetic fields provides both a comprehensive review of the current state of the subject and a critical discussion of the latest research. It presents our knowledge of magnetic fields from the Early Universe, their evolution in cosmic time through to their roles in present-day galaxies, galaxy clusters and the wider intergalactic medium, with attention given to both theory and observations. This volume also contains an extensive introduction into magnetohydrodynamics, numerous worked examples, observational and mathematical techniques and interpretations of the observations. Its review of our current knowledge, with an emphasis on results that are likely to form the basis for future progress, benefits a broad audience of advanced students and active researchers, including those from fields such as cosmology and general relativity.

A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Across Economics and Business Research Landscape

The Coronavirus disease which generated the unique virus appeared first in Port city of Hubei, China at the close of 2019, which significantly changed the whole humankind around the globe. Because of it’s rapid outspread, it taken into consideration as a global issue such as health, wellness, social and economic, eventually it ended up being a significant global health as a result of its pathogenicity. In spite of an expanding rate, modest is investigated about the present state, The lack of understanding on this has motivated academic element for detailed check out, This bibliometric examined the peer scientific literary works to figure out the procedure of noesis on COVID-19, The research study is based upon bibliometric researches on Coronavirus, published data were collected from Scopus data source, quantitative assessment was carried out to evaluate the features of the present learning and generate visualizations for understanding, 668 documents were preserved. Web of writers, as well as nations were picturized in maps. However, COVID-19 search discloses special archeozoic use knowledge, spot a spaciotemporal as well as extensive introduction continues to be untended.. The precise knowledge on n-Cov is helpful for evidence-based policymakers in direction to avert and also resolve the pandemic.

Historia wojen domowych w Polsce Alberta Viminy, w przekładzie Krzysztofa Żaboklickiego, pod redakcją, ze wstępem i komentarzami Teresy Chynczewskiej-Hennel, Instytut Badań nad Dziedzictwem Kulturowym Europy, Białystok 2017, ss. 284

The review concerns an edition of Albert Vimina’s work History of civil wars in Poland (Historia delle guerre civili in Polonia) by Teresa Chynczewska-Hennel. The edition consists of two main parts. The first, which is an extensive introduction, was devoted mainly to the description of Albert Vimina’s biography. The second part contains The History of Civil Wars in Poland, which consists of five books on 196 pages. The main part contains descriptions of the struggles of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the Zaporizhian Cossacks in the years 1648-1651. The following three parts, attached to The History of Civil Wars in Poland, are also related to the author’s personal observations. As I have already mentioned, the reviewed edition is published in Poland for the first time and it has been prepared with knowledge of editorial art and in accordance with the recommendations of the publishing manual. It must be emphasized at this point that what clearly distinguishes it from the Lithuanian edition from 2012 is, above all, the excellent translation and extensive set of footnotes. In conclusion, it must be said with certainty that we have received a very successful edition and, what is worth emphasizing, not the last one in the publisher’s output.

The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Ireland

Over 3,800 entries This unique dictionary covers the majority of family names that are established and current in Ireland, both in the Republic and in Northern Ireland. It establishes reliable and accurate explanations of historical origins (including etymologies), and provides variant spellings and geographical distribution for each name. Additionally, where relevant, it includes genealogical and bibliographical notes for family names that have more than 100 bearers in the 1911 census of Ireland. An extensive introduction gives the history and formation of Irish family names, of Gaelic and English-language origin, and the research methods and sources used to compile the dictionary. The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Ireland will be of the greatest interest not only to those interested in Irish history, students of the Irish language, genealogists, and geneticists, but also to the general public, both in Ireland and in the Irish diaspora in North America, Australia, and elsewhere.

Personalised neural networks for a driver intention prediction: communication as enabler for automated driving

In everyday traffic, pedestrians rely on informal communication with other road users. In case of automated vehicles, this communication can be replaced by light signals, which need to be learned beforehand. Prior to an extensive introduction of automated vehicles, a learning phase for these light signals can be set up in manual driving with help of a driver intention prediction. Therefore, a three-staged algorithm consisting of a neural network, a random forest and a conditional stage, is implemented. Using this algorithm, a true-positive rate (TPR) of 94.0% for a 5.0% false-positive rate (FPR) can be achieved. To improve this process, a personalization procedure is implemented, using driver-specific behaviours, resulting in TPRs ranging from 91.5 to 96.6% for a FPR of 5.0%. Transfer learning of neural networks improves the prediction accuracy of almost all drivers. In order to introduce the implemented algorithm in today’s traffic, especially the FPR has to be improved considerably.

The Application of Machine Learning and Neural Networks to Automated Text and Visual Assignment Verification Used as Assistance to Educators

Процесс цифровизации образования, активно проводимый в нашей стране и по всему миру, позволил более широко применить в учебном процессе современные приемы преподавания, перенося часть педагогической нагрузки с очного формата на дистанционный. Проектируемые и используемые цифровые образовательные платформы уже сейчас включают в себя не только оцифрованный лекционный видеоматериал и электронные формы учебников, но и элементы автоматизации проверки выполненных учащимися заданий. Расширение области применения автоматической проверки решенных учащимися задач и выполненных упражнений является объективной необходимостью, в противном случае при дистанционных формах образовательного процесса резко возрастает нагрузка на педагога, который должен выделять значительное время на проверку увеличившегося самостоятельной работы школьников и студентов. Кроме того, при дистанционном преподавании снижается эффект личного присутствия педагога, когда учитель и ученики разделены экранами компьютеров. Существенной помощью может стать использование интеллектуальных помощников преподавателя и автоматизированных систем проверки, построенных методами машинного обучения и технологии нейронных сетей. В настоящей статье рассмотрены подходы к решению поставленных задач по автоматической проверке графических заданий и выявлению заимствований в текстовом виде. Показаны возможные варианты реализации этих функций с использованием технологий искусственного интеллекта. The digitalization of education in Russia and worldwide enables a more extensive introduction of advanced teaching methods through a partial switch from offline to online teaching. The existing and coming e-learning platforms feature not only digital lecture videos and e-textbooks, but some automated assessment/grading tools. There is a need to expand the coverage of such tools to avoid the extreme burden of online teaching as the educator has to allocate significant time for assessing the increased amount of high school/university student assignments. Also, distant learning diminishes the effect of the educator personal presence since the teacher and the student are separated by their computer screens. Smart educator assistants and automated assessment tools based on machine learning and neural networks can significantly alleviate the problem. This study offers some strategies for automated assessment of graphic assignments and checks for plagiarism. Possible AI-based implementations of such features are presented.

ELECTRIC DRIVE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AT INFORMATIZATION OF THE COMPANY

The development trends of the modern electric drive, as a promising direction of the industrial revolution, which has become an integral part of the information society, the key factors of which are production robotization and the extensive introduction of information technologies, are considered.

Simone Lässig and Miriam Rürup (eds.), Space and Spatiality in Modern German-Jewish History. New York: Berghahn Books, 2017. 327 pp.

This volume is a collection of 17 essays originally presented at a workshop at St. Antony’s College, Oxford almost a decade ago. The essays follow an extensive introduction by the two editors that lays out both the theoretical justifications and the methodological advantages of this project, all conceived in the spirit of the so-called “spatial turn” in historiography. Beginning in the 1990s, interest in concrete places and in real or imaginary spaces became part of the new cultural history, with this topic often considered on its own in an ever-growing historical research landscape. In this case, promise the editors, the conceptual apparatus developed by the new turn would be applied to the study of minorities, specifically to the Jews in modern times, and in what may be called their German diaspora. Using concepts such as place, space, and boundaries, they explain, is a means of opening new perspectives on the intensively researched field of German Jewish history, while also newly illuminating matters of integration and seclusion, belonging and identity. The book is divided into three parts: “Imaginations,” “Transformations,” and “Practices,” and as one moves from the heavily theoretical introduction to the concrete historical contributions, the potential of this overall approach begins to unravel....

A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World

A monograph of the 425 New World species of Ipomoea is presented. All 425 species are described and information is provided on their ecology and distribution, with citations from all countries from which they are reported. Notes are provided on salient characteristics and taxonomic issues related to individual species. A full synonymy is provided and 272 names are lectotypified. An extensive introduction discusses the delimitation and history of Ipomoea arguing that a broad generic concept is the only rational solution in the light of recent phylogenetic advances. Although no formal infrageneric classification is proposed, attention is drawn to the major clades of the genus and several morphologically well-defined clades are discussed including those traditionally treated under the names Arborescens, Batatas, Pharbitis, Calonyction and Quamoclit, sometimes as distinct genera, subgenera, sections or series. Identification keys are provided on a regional basis including multi-entry keys for the main continental blocks. Six species are described as new, Ipomoea nivea J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Peru, I. apodiensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Brazil, I. calcicola J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. pochutlensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. zacatecana J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and I. ramulosa J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Mexico, while var. australis of I. cordatotriloba is raised to specific status as I. australis (O’Donell) J.R.I. Wood & P. Muñoz. New subspecies for I. nitida (subsp. krapovickasii J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) and for I. chenopodiifolia (subsp. bellator J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) are described. The status of previously recognized species and varieties is changed so the following new subspecies are recognized: I. amnicola subsp. chiliantha (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. chenopodiifolia subsp. signata (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. collina (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. austromexicana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. novogaliciana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. pavonii (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. melanotricha (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. sepacuitensis (Donn. Sm.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. ternifolia subsp. leptotoma (Torr.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland. Ipomoea angustata and I. subincana are treated as var. angustata (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland of I. barbatisepala and I. brasiliana respectively. Attention is drawn to a number of hitherto poorly recognized phenomena in the genus including a very large radiation centred on the Parana region of South America and another on the Caribbean Islands, a strong trend towards an amphitropical distribution in the New World, the existence of a relatively large number of species with a pantropical distribution and of many species in different clades with storage roots, most of which have never been evaluated for economic purposes. The treatment is illustrated with over 200 figures composed of line drawings and photographs.

The Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte- Maure: A Translation. Translated by Glyn S. Burgess, Douglas Kelly. Woodbridge, UK, and Rochester, NY: D. S. Brewer, 2017. Gallica, 41. 486 pp.

In his Roman de Brut (1155), the Norman Robert Wace of Caen recounts the founding of Britain by Brutus of Troy to the end of legendary British history, while adapting freely the History of the Kings of Britain (1136) by Geoffrey of Monmouth. Wace’s Brut inaugurated a new genre, at least in part, commonly known as the “romances of antiquity” (romans d'antiquité). The Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, dating to around 1165, is, along with the Roman de Thèbes and the Roman d’Énéas, one of the three such romances dealing with themes from antiquity. These creations initiated the subjects, plots and structures of the genre, which subsequently flowered under authors such as Chrétien de Troyes. As an account of the Trojan War, Benoît’s version of necessity deals with war and its causes, how it was fought and what its ultimate consequences were for the combatants. How to explain its success? The author chose the standard and successful poetic form of the era—octosyllabic rhyming couplets; he was fond of extended descriptions; he could easily recount the intensity of personal struggles; and, above all he was fascinated by the trials and tribulations of love, a passion that affects several prominent warriors (among them Paris and his love for Helen, and Troilus and his affection for Briseida). All these elements combined to contour this romance in which events from the High Middle Ages were presented as a likeness of the poet’s own feudal and courtly spheres. This long-awaited new translation, the first into English, is accompanied by an extensive introduction and six-page outline of the work; two appendices (on common words, and a list of known Troie manuscripts); nearly twenty pages of bibliography; plus exhaustive indices of personal and geographical names and notes. As the two senior scholars assert (p. 3), By translating Benoît’s entire poem we seek to contribute to a greater appreciation of its composition and subject-matter, and thus to make available to a modern audience what medieval readers and audiences knew and appreciated.