Ebola

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Very High

Ebola virus disease is responsible for a very high case fatality rate of around 50–90%; it presents as a severe, rapidly developing illness. Several outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in Central and recently West Africa. Infection is transmitted to humans from animals and spreads within the human population through direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. No curative treatment is yet available, but early supportive care with rehydration and symptomatic management improves the chance of survival. Community engagement is needed to control outbreaks. Control of outbreaks requires a package of interventions including case management, surveillance and contact tracing with a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation. An Ebola vaccination may become available in the near future. The very high case fatality rate and recent major outbreaks require GPs to be aware of the presentation and management of suspected Ebola virus disease.

scholarly journals Influence of Referral Pathway on Ebola Virus Disease Case-Fatality Rate and Effect of Survival Selection Bias

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Rudolf ◽  
Mads Damkjær ◽  
Suzanne Lunding ◽  
Kenn Dornonville de la Cour ◽  
Alyssa Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Survival Selection ◽  
Disease Case

scholarly journals Case fatality rate for Ebola virus disease in west Africa

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 384 (9950) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J Kucharski ◽  
W John Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate

scholarly journals Invasive meningococcal disease associated with a very high case fatality rate in the North-West of Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna SkoczyÅ„ska ◽  
Marcin KadÅ‚ubowski ◽  
Józef Knap ◽  
Maria Szulc ◽  
Marzena Janusz-Jurczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Very High

Ebolavirus Disease (EVD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Josef Schmitt ◽  
Khrystyna Hrynkevych
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Good Laboratory

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but severe, often fatal hemorrhagic illness occurring either sporadically or with large local outbreaks originating in (western) Africa. The virus is first transmitted from wild animals to humans (hunters; food handlers) followed by human-to-human transmission via blood or via body secretions. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50% (range: 25% to 90% in past outbreaks). Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks using several interventions (case management, prevention and control practices, surveillance and contact tracing, good laboratory service, safe and dignified burials and social mobilization). Early supportive care with rehydration and symptomatic treatment improves survival. Two monoclonal antibodies (Inmazeb and Ebanga) were approved for the treatment of Zaire ebolavirus (Ebolavirus) infection in adults and children by the FDA in late 2020. Two vaccine regimens to protect against EVD were recently licensed and helped control outbreaks in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Ebola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-J. Schmitt ◽  
Khrystyna Hrynkevych
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Good Laboratory

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but severe, often fatal hemorrhagic illness occurring either sporadically or with large local outbreaks originating in (western) Africa. The virus is first transmitted from wild animals to humans (hunters; food handlers) followed by human-to-human transmission via blood or via body secretions. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50% (range: 25% to 90% in past outbreaks). Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks using several interventions (case management, prevention and control practices, surveillance and contact tracing, good laboratory service, safe and dignified burials and social mobilization). Early supportive care with rehydration and symptomatic treatment improves survival. Two monoclonal antibodies (Inmazeb and Ebanga) were approved for the treatment of Zaire ebolavirus (Ebolavirus) infection in adults and children by the FDA in late 2020. Two vaccine regimens to protect against EVD were recently licensed and helped control outbreaks in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

JOINT ESTIMATION OF THE TRANSMISSIBILITY AND SEVERITY OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE IN REAL TIME

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 587-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUSUKE ASAI ◽  
HIROSHI NISHIURA
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ascertainment Bias ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Strong Impact

The effective reproduction number [Formula: see text], the average number of secondary cases that are generated by a single primary case at calendar time [Formula: see text], plays a critical role in interpreting the temporal transmission dynamics of an infectious disease epidemic, while the case fatality risk (CFR) is an indispensable measure of the severity of disease. In many instances, [Formula: see text] is estimated using the reported number of cases (i.e., the incidence data), but such report often does not arrive on time, and moreover, the rate of diagnosis could change as a function of time, especially if we handle diseases that involve substantial number of asymptomatic and mild infections and large outbreaks that go beyond the local capacity of reporting. In addition, CFR is well known to be prone to ascertainment bias, often erroneously overestimated. In this paper, we propose a joint estimation method of [Formula: see text] and CFR of Ebola virus disease (EVD), analyzing the early epidemic data of EVD from March to October 2014 and addressing the ascertainment bias in real time. To assess the reliability of the proposed method, coverage probabilities were computed. When ascertainment effort plays a role in interpreting the epidemiological dynamics, it is useful to analyze not only reported (confirmed or suspected) cases, but also the temporal distribution of deceased individuals to avoid any strong impact of time dependent changes in diagnosis and reporting.

scholarly journals Use of Viremia to Evaluate the Baseline Case Fatality Ratio of Ebola Virus Disease and Inform Treatment Studies: A Retrospective Cohort Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e1001908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Faye ◽  
Alessio Andronico ◽  
Ousmane Faye ◽  
Henrik Salje ◽  
Pierre-Yves Boëlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Baseline Case

scholarly journals Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawai Singh Rathore ◽  
Ade Harrison Manju ◽  
Qingqing Wen ◽  
Manush Sondhi ◽  
Reshma Pydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal acute tick-borne viral infection and a substantial emerging global public health threat. This illness has a high case fatality rate of up to 40%. The liver is one of the important target organs of the CCHF virus. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CCHF  and liver injury and draw more generalized inferences about the abnormal serum markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCHF patients. Methods: A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible observational studies and case series were included from around the world. The inclusion criteria were articles describing liver injury biomarkers AST and ALT amongst patients diagnosed with CCHF. Results: Data from 18 studies, consisting of 1238 patients with CCHF  were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of at least one raised liver injury biomarker was 77.95% (95% CI, I2 = 88.50%, p < 0.0001). Similarly, pooled prevalence of elevated AST and ALT was 85.92% (95% CI, I2 = 85.27%,  p < 0.0001) and 64.30% (95% CI, I2 = 88.32%,  p < 0.0001) respectively.  Both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar’s tests detected no apparent publication bias in all three meta-analyses(p > 0.05).  Conclusion: These elevated liver injury biomarkers have been identified as significant prognostic factors. Hence, Physicians must recognize and continuously monitor these biomarkers, since these aid early stratification of prognosis and the prevention of severe outcomes in infection with such a high case fatality rate.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed ◽  
Nouh Saad Mohamed ◽  
Sarah Misbah EL-Sadig ◽  
Lamis Ahmed Fahal ◽  
Ziad Bakri Abelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

The steadily growing COVID-19 pandemic is challenging health systems worldwide including Sudan. In Sudan, the first COVID-19 case was reported on 13th March 2020, and up to 11 November 2020 there were 14,401 confirmed cases of which 9,535 cases recovered and the rest 3,750 cases were under treatment. Additionally, 1,116 deaths were reported, indicating a relatively high case fatality rate of 7.7%. Several preventive and control measures were implemented by the government of Sudan and health partners, including the partial lockdown of the country, promoting social distancing, and suspending mass gathering such as festivals and performing religious practices in groups. However, new cases still emerging every day and this could be attributed to the noncompliance of the individuals to the advocated preventive measurements.

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