Intravenous artesunate recommended for patients with severe malaria: position statement from TropNetEurop

Ebola virus disease is responsible for a very high case fatality rate of around 50–90%; it presents as a severe, rapidly developing illness. Several outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in Central and recently West Africa. Infection is transmitted to humans from animals and spreads within the human population through direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. No curative treatment is yet available, but early supportive care with rehydration and symptomatic management improves the chance of survival. Community engagement is needed to control outbreaks. Control of outbreaks requires a package of interventions including case management, surveillance and contact tracing with a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation. An Ebola vaccination may become available in the near future. The very high case fatality rate and recent major outbreaks require GPs to be aware of the presentation and management of suspected Ebola virus disease.

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Multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) in falciparum malaria in children: a study from high endemic area of Southern Odisha

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2008

Author(s):

Niranjan Mohanty ◽

Debasis Patro ◽

Subhranshu Sekhar Dhal

Keyword(s):

Severe Malaria ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Organ Dysfunction ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiorgan Dysfunction

Background: To find out the prevalence of multiorgan dysfunction in cases of severe falciparum malaria in children, correlating the organ dysfunction in different age group and relationship with case fatality rate (CFR).Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2014 to June 2016 in the Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati medical college and hospital (MKCG MCH), Berhampur, Odisha, India. Total 340 cases belonging to <14 yrs having severe malaria (as per the WHO criteria) were included in the study. Mixed malaria and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) positive cases having other significant disease e.g. chronic hemolytic anaemia, cardiac, renal or other chronic diseases were excluded. The study subjects were thoroughly screened for presence of organ dysfunction clinically and by appropriate laboratory tests and analysed.Results: Out of 340 subjects, maximum no of cases (56.76%) were found in >5yr age group. Hyperparasitemia (>10%) was detected in 12.35% cases. Cerebral malaria was most common organ dysfunction found in 1-5 years, followed by anaemia in 5-10 years, acute renal failure (ARF) in 10-14 years age group. Multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) was detected in 32.94% cases of severe malaria. Overall CFR was 8.82%, being directly proportional to no. of organ involvement, 31.81% with 4 organs and 100 % with five organs involvement respectively which was statistically significant.Conclusions: MOD is of grave outcome in severe Pf malaria increasing the case fatality rate proportionate to number of organs involved.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.22541/au.161962547.79756407/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sawai Singh Rathore ◽

Ade Harrison Manju ◽

Qingqing Wen ◽

Manush Sondhi ◽

Reshma Pydi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

High Case Fatality Rate ◽

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal acute tick-borne viral infection and a substantial emerging global public health threat. This illness has a high case fatality rate of up to 40%. The liver is one of the important target organs of the CCHF virus. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CCHF and liver injury and draw more generalized inferences about the abnormal serum markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCHF patients. Methods: A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible observational studies and case series were included from around the world. The inclusion criteria were articles describing liver injury biomarkers AST and ALT amongst patients diagnosed with CCHF. Results: Data from 18 studies, consisting of 1238 patients with CCHF were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of at least one raised liver injury biomarker was 77.95% (95% CI, I2 = 88.50%, p < 0.0001). Similarly, pooled prevalence of elevated AST and ALT was 85.92% (95% CI, I2 = 85.27%, p < 0.0001) and 64.30% (95% CI, I2 = 88.32%, p < 0.0001) respectively. Both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar’s tests detected no apparent publication bias in all three meta-analyses(p > 0.05). Conclusion: These elevated liver injury biomarkers have been identified as significant prognostic factors. Hence, Physicians must recognize and continuously monitor these biomarkers, since these aid early stratification of prognosis and the prevention of severe outcomes in infection with such a high case fatality rate.

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COVID-19 in Sudan

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.14520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 204-208

Author(s):

Ayman Ahmed ◽

Nouh Saad Mohamed ◽

Sarah Misbah EL-Sadig ◽

Lamis Ahmed Fahal ◽

Ziad Bakri Abelrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Systems ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Control Measures ◽

Religious Practices ◽

Mass Gathering ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

High Case Fatality Rate ◽

The Government ◽

And Control

The steadily growing COVID-19 pandemic is challenging health systems worldwide including Sudan. In Sudan, the first COVID-19 case was reported on 13th March 2020, and up to 11 November 2020 there were 14,401 confirmed cases of which 9,535 cases recovered and the rest 3,750 cases were under treatment. Additionally, 1,116 deaths were reported, indicating a relatively high case fatality rate of 7.7%. Several preventive and control measures were implemented by the government of Sudan and health partners, including the partial lockdown of the country, promoting social distancing, and suspending mass gathering such as festivals and performing religious practices in groups. However, new cases still emerging every day and this could be attributed to the noncompliance of the individuals to the advocated preventive measurements.

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Subway-Related Trauma: An Urban Public Health Issue with a High Case-Fatality Rate

Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.04.015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 165-171.e1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon G. Rodier ◽

Charles J. DiMaggio ◽

Stephen Wall ◽

Vasiliy Sim ◽

Spiros G. Frangos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Health Issue ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

High Case Fatality Rate

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Aortic valve endocarditis with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: A rare zoonosis

Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.4081/idr.2018.7770 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jenny Jónsdóttir Nielsen ◽

Bjørn Blomberg ◽

Shahin Gaïni ◽

Steinar Lundemoen

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽

High Case Fatality Rate ◽

Exposed Skin ◽

Spare Time

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has an economic impact in animal husbandry by causing infection in swine, sheep and poultry. E. rhusiopathiae is present in the surface mucoid slime on fish, although fishes do not seem to be affected. Humans can get infected, maost often through occupational exposure and may suffer typical erysipeloid infection on exposed skin such as on hands and fingers, or deeper skin infections, and sometimes sepsis and endocarditis, associated with high case-fatality rate. We describe a case of aortic valve endocarditis caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a 59-year-old man who enjoyed fishing in his spare time.

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Neonatal Candida parapsilosis outbreak with a high case fatality rate

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/00006454-199509000-00009 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 776-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

HARRI SAXEN ◽

MARTTI VIRTANEN ◽

PETTERI CARLSON ◽

KALLE HOPPU ◽

MAIJA POHJAVUORI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

High Case Fatality Rate

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Diphtheria in Hull: A Review of six years bacteriological typing

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400013383 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 184-192

Author(s):

H. Mason Leete

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Great Majority ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

City Hospital ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

High Case Fatality Rate ◽

Clinical Cases

This paper embodies the findings in all proven cases of diphtheria admitted to the Hull City Hospital during the years 1938–43 inclusive. All cases during those 6 years were typed and the clinical and bacteriological findings correlated. Since 1932 all severe cases had been typed and in the winter of 1932–3 a consecutive series of 313 cases was investigated and the results published (Leete, McLeod & Morrison, 1933). The 1933 paper showed a high gravis incidence of 59% and an associated high case fatality rate. Not until the end of 1937 was it again possible to type every case admitted but since then we have done so, and the series now presented embodies observations on 2039 infections, the great majority of which were clinical cases.

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