Tuberculosis infection control measures and knowledge in primary health centres in Bandung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110468
Author(s):  
Lika Apriani ◽  
Susan McAllister ◽  
Katrina Sharples ◽  
Hanifah Nurhasanah ◽  
Isni Nurul Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Tb Infection Control

Background Health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to have an unacceptably high prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to high exposure to tuberculosis (TB) cases at health care facilities and often inadequate infection control measures. This can contribute to an increased risk of transmission not only to HCWs themselves but also to patients and the general population. Aim We assessed implementation of TB infection control measures in primary health centres (PHCs) in Bandung, Indonesia, and TB knowledge among HCWs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2017 amongst a stratified sample of the PHCs, and their HCWs, that manage TB patients in Bandung. Questionnaires were used to assess TB infection control measures plus HCW knowledge. Summary statistics, linear regression and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis. Results The median number of TB infection control measures implemented in 24 PHCs was 21 of 41 assessed. Only one of five management controls was implemented, 15 of 24 administrative controls, three of nine environmental controls and one of three personal respiratory protection controls. PHCs with TB laboratory facilities and high TB case numbers were more likely to implement TB infection control measures than other PHCs ( p=0.003). In 398 HCWs, the median number of correct responses for knowledge was 10 (IQR 9–11) out of 11. Discussion HCWs had good TB knowledge. TB infection control measures were generally not implemented and need to be strengthened in PHCs to reduce M. tuberculosis transmission to HCWs, patients and visitors.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis infection control practices in a high-burden metro in South Africa: A perpetual bane for efficient primary health care service delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Engelbrecht ◽  
Gladys Kigozi ◽  
Andre P. Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Dingie H.C.J Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control ◽  
Tb Infection Control

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) prevention, including infection control, is a key element in the strategy to end the global TB epidemic. While effective infection control requires all health system components to function well, this is an area that has not received sufficient attention inSouth Africa despite the availability of policy and guidelines.Aim: To describe the state of implementation of TB infection control measures in a high-burden metro in South Africa.Setting: The research was undertaken in a high TB- and HIV-burdened metropolitan area of South Africa. More specifically, the study sites were primary health care facilities (PHC), thatamong other services also diagnosed TB.Methods: A cross-sectional survey, focusing on the World Health Organization levels of infection control, which included structured interviews with nurses providing TB diagnosis and treatment services as well as observations, at all 41 PHC facilities in a high TB-burdened and HIV-burdened metro of South Africa.Results: Tuberculosis infection control was poorly implemented, with few facilities scoring 80% and above on compliance with infection control measures. Facility controls: 26 facilities (63.4%) had an infection control committee and 12 (29.3%) had a written infection control plan. Administrative controls: 26 facilities (63.4%) reported separating coughing and noncoughing patients, while observations revealed that only 11 facilities (26.8%) had separate waiting areas for (presumptive) TB patients. Environmental controls: most facilities used open windows for ventilation (n = 30; 73.2%); however, on the day of the visit, only 12 facilities (30.3%) had open windows in consulting rooms. Personal protective equipment: 9 facilities (22%) did not have any disposable respirators in stock and only 9 respondents (22%) had undergone fit testing. The most frequently reported barrier to implementing good TBinfection control practices was lack of equipment (n = 22; 40%) such as masks and disposable respirators, as well as the structure or layout of the PHC facilities. The main recommendation to improve TB infection control was education for patients and health care workers (n = 18; 33.3%).Conclusion: All levels of the health care system should be engaged to address TB prevention and infection control in PHC facilities. Improved infection control will address the nosocomial spread of TB in health facilities and keep health care workers and patients safe from infection.

The Role of Powerlessness Among Health Care Workers in Tuberculosis Infection Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2116-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena J. Chapman ◽  
Bienvenido A. Veras-Estévez ◽  
Jamie L. Pomeranz ◽  
Eddy N. Pérez-Then ◽  
Belkys Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control

Due to their occupational exposure in health care settings, health care workers (HCW) have increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They face challenges to remain up-to-date with evidence-based clinical practices and translate educational information into actions in infection control practices. Our purpose was to examine this “knowledge−action” gap about how HCWs understand their occupational M. tuberculosis risk and use recommended infection control measures in clinical practices in the Dominican Republic (DR). We conducted 10 focus groups with 40 physicians and nurses at two tertiary-level DR institutions. Using grounded theory methods, we developed a theoretical model to describe the decision-making process related to adherence to M. tuberculosis infection control measures in clinical practice. Findings highlight intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influenced the observed knowledge−action gap related to M. tuberculosis infection control practices in two DR health institutions.

scholarly journals Surveillance of infections in long-term care facilities (LTCFs): The impact of participation during multiple years on health care-associated infection incidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. J. Haenen ◽  
L. P. Verhoef ◽  
A. Beckers ◽  
E. F. Gijsbers ◽  
J. Alblas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We studied trends in the incidence of health care-associated infections (HAIs) in LTCFs between 2009 and 2015 and determined the effect of participation in our network. Elder-care physicians reported weekly the number of cases of influenza-like illness, gastroenteritis, (probable) pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and all-cause mortality. Trends in the incidence of infection and mortality in relation to LTCF characteristics were calculated using multilevel univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Thirty LTCF participated for 3 years or more, 16 for 2 years and the remaining 12 LTCF for 1 year. During the study period, the median number of beds decreased from 158 to 139, whereas the percentage of residents with private bedrooms increased from 14% to 87%. UTIs were the most frequently reported infections, followed by (probable) pneumonia and gastroenteritis. Adjusted for calendar year and season, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of influenza-like illness (odds ratio (OR) = 0.8, P < 0.01) and (probable) pneumonia (OR = 0.8, P < 0.01) for each extra year an LTCF participated. Although there are other likely contributors, such as more private rooms and enhanced infection control measures, the decreasing trend of HAI in LTCFs participating in surveillance implies that surveillance is a valuable addition to current strategies to optimise infection control.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis infection control measures at health facilities providing tuberculosis services in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
N. Adhikari ◽  
R. Bhattarai ◽  
R. Basnet ◽  
L.R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control

Introduction: Globally there were an estimated 10.6 million new tuberculosis patients and 1.7 million deaths from TB in 2016. There is an evidence of tuberculosis transmission at health care settings where health care workers and patients come in contact with people having tuberculosis. This study aims to explore infection control measures at health facilities in terms of administrative, environmental and personal protective measures needed for infection control. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at 79 health facilities across the country. The study continued for three months starting from January 2018 to March 2018. Trained enumerators from health sciences background collected the information using semi-structured questionnaire. Written consent was obtained prior interview. Results: All the selected health facilities participated in the study. Around 44% of health facilities have infection prevention plan, but very few of them have budgeted for tuberculosis infection control activities. Less than one third of health facilities (24 out of 79 HFs) have provision to separate presumptive tuberculosis patients, however, only 50% (12 HFs) have turned such provision into action. Only 15 HFs (38%) out of 40 HFs having N95 or FPP2 mask for health workers. Around half of the HFs (44%, 35 out of 79) was found to have cross ventilation. Conclusion: Tuberculosis infection plan needs to be developed and implemented by all the health facilities to strengthen administrative, managerial, and environmental and person protective measures of inaction control to minimize the risk of TB transmission at health facilities.

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