scholarly journals Tuberculosis infection control practices in a high-burden metro in South Africa: A perpetual bane for efficient primary health care service delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Engelbrecht ◽  
Gladys Kigozi ◽  
Andre P. Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Dingie H.C.J Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control ◽  
Tb Infection Control

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) prevention, including infection control, is a key element in the strategy to end the global TB epidemic. While effective infection control requires all health system components to function well, this is an area that has not received sufficient attention inSouth Africa despite the availability of policy and guidelines.Aim: To describe the state of implementation of TB infection control measures in a high-burden metro in South Africa.Setting: The research was undertaken in a high TB- and HIV-burdened metropolitan area of South Africa. More specifically, the study sites were primary health care facilities (PHC), thatamong other services also diagnosed TB.Methods: A cross-sectional survey, focusing on the World Health Organization levels of infection control, which included structured interviews with nurses providing TB diagnosis and treatment services as well as observations, at all 41 PHC facilities in a high TB-burdened and HIV-burdened metro of South Africa.Results: Tuberculosis infection control was poorly implemented, with few facilities scoring 80% and above on compliance with infection control measures. Facility controls: 26 facilities (63.4%) had an infection control committee and 12 (29.3%) had a written infection control plan. Administrative controls: 26 facilities (63.4%) reported separating coughing and noncoughing patients, while observations revealed that only 11 facilities (26.8%) had separate waiting areas for (presumptive) TB patients. Environmental controls: most facilities used open windows for ventilation (n = 30; 73.2%); however, on the day of the visit, only 12 facilities (30.3%) had open windows in consulting rooms. Personal protective equipment: 9 facilities (22%) did not have any disposable respirators in stock and only 9 respondents (22%) had undergone fit testing. The most frequently reported barrier to implementing good TBinfection control practices was lack of equipment (n = 22; 40%) such as masks and disposable respirators, as well as the structure or layout of the PHC facilities. The main recommendation to improve TB infection control was education for patients and health care workers (n = 18; 33.3%).Conclusion: All levels of the health care system should be engaged to address TB prevention and infection control in PHC facilities. Improved infection control will address the nosocomial spread of TB in health facilities and keep health care workers and patients safe from infection.

The Role of Powerlessness Among Health Care Workers in Tuberculosis Infection Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2116-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena J. Chapman ◽  
Bienvenido A. Veras-Estévez ◽  
Jamie L. Pomeranz ◽  
Eddy N. Pérez-Then ◽  
Belkys Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control

Due to their occupational exposure in health care settings, health care workers (HCW) have increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They face challenges to remain up-to-date with evidence-based clinical practices and translate educational information into actions in infection control practices. Our purpose was to examine this “knowledge−action” gap about how HCWs understand their occupational M. tuberculosis risk and use recommended infection control measures in clinical practices in the Dominican Republic (DR). We conducted 10 focus groups with 40 physicians and nurses at two tertiary-level DR institutions. Using grounded theory methods, we developed a theoretical model to describe the decision-making process related to adherence to M. tuberculosis infection control measures in clinical practice. Findings highlight intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influenced the observed knowledge−action gap related to M. tuberculosis infection control practices in two DR health institutions.

scholarly journals Preparing for future waves and pandemics: a global hospital survey on infection control measures and infection rates in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Matoori ◽  
Daniel R. Kuritzkes ◽  
Yonggeng Goh ◽  
Swee Tian Quek ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractA survey of hospitals on three continents was performed to assess their infection control preparedness and measures, and their infection rate in hospital health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. All surveyed hospitals used similar PPE but differences in preparedness, PPE shortages, and infection rates were reported.

scholarly journals Effect of camera monitoring and feedback along with training on hospital infection rate in a neonatal intensive care unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Karabay ◽  
Gulsum Kaya ◽  
Taner Hafizoglu ◽  
Oguz Karabay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background In terms of pediatric healthcare-associated infections (HAI), neonatal intensive care units (NICU) constitute the greatest risk. Contacting a health care personnel, either directly or indirectly, elevates NICU occurrence rate and risks other infants in the same unit. In this study, it is aimed to retrospectively analyze the effect of the training along with camera monitoring and feedback (CMAF) to control the infection following a small outbreak. Methods ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected on three infants in May 2014 at the isolation room of Sakarya University Hospital NICU. Precautions were taken to prevent further spread of the infection. The infected infants were isolated and the decolonization process was initiated. For this aspect, health care workers (HCWs) in NICU were trained for infection control measures. An infection control committee has monitored the HCWs. Before monitoring, an approval was obtained from the hospital management and HCWs were informed about the CMAF, who were then periodically updated. On a weekly basis, NICU workers were provided with the feedbacks. Epidemic period and post-epidemic control period (June–July–August 2014) were evaluated and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) density was 9.59% before the onset of the CMAF, whereas it was detected as 2.24% during the CMAF period (p < 0.05). Following the precautions, HAI and HAI density rates have reduced to 76.6% and 74.85%, respectively. Moreover, hand hygiene compliance of health care workers was found 49.0% before the outbreak, whereas this rate has elevated to 62.7% after CMAF. Conclusions Healthcare workers should be monitored in order to increase their compliance for infection control measures. Here, we emphasized that that CMAF of health workers may contribute reducing the HAI rate in the NICU.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Health Care Workers and the Impact of Implementation of Hospital Infection-Control Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Vasconcellos Azeredo ◽  
Sizuane Rieger Holler ◽  
Ellis Gabriela Correa de Almeida ◽  
Otávio Augusto Gonçalves Dias Cionek ◽  
Marcelle Martinez Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background: Most studies that have evaluated the impact of infection-control measures (ICM) reported a decrease in latent tuberculosis (TB) and not in TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ICM on TB incidence among Health Care Workers (HCW’s). Methods: We conducted a retrospective record review study in a general, tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital. All TB case reports among HCWs in the hospital from 2005 to 2018 were reviewed. The TB incidence was measured before and after 2012 to evaluate the impact of ICM implemented. Findings: In total, there were 53 TB cases. The number of TB cases before and after the implementation of ICM was 42 (incidence: 100.0 cases/100,000 HCWs/year) and 11 (incidence: 26.2 cases/100,000 HCWs/year), respectively ( p < .0001). Conclusions/Application to Practice: TB incidence among HCWs reduced significantly after the implementation of ICM. The establishment of ICM, such as written TB infection control plan, monitoring, screening, training, and education, can reduce TB incidence.

scholarly journals Infection control measures among dental health care workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzia Butt ◽  
Hinal Thakkar ◽  
Jeremiah Munguti ◽  
Evelyne Waigayu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dental Health Care ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers

Tuberculosis infection control measures and knowledge in primary health centres in Bandung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110468
Author(s):  
Lika Apriani ◽  
Susan McAllister ◽  
Katrina Sharples ◽  
Hanifah Nurhasanah ◽  
Isni Nurul Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Tb Infection Control

Background Health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to have an unacceptably high prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to high exposure to tuberculosis (TB) cases at health care facilities and often inadequate infection control measures. This can contribute to an increased risk of transmission not only to HCWs themselves but also to patients and the general population. Aim We assessed implementation of TB infection control measures in primary health centres (PHCs) in Bandung, Indonesia, and TB knowledge among HCWs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2017 amongst a stratified sample of the PHCs, and their HCWs, that manage TB patients in Bandung. Questionnaires were used to assess TB infection control measures plus HCW knowledge. Summary statistics, linear regression and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis. Results The median number of TB infection control measures implemented in 24 PHCs was 21 of 41 assessed. Only one of five management controls was implemented, 15 of 24 administrative controls, three of nine environmental controls and one of three personal respiratory protection controls. PHCs with TB laboratory facilities and high TB case numbers were more likely to implement TB infection control measures than other PHCs ( p=0.003). In 398 HCWs, the median number of correct responses for knowledge was 10 (IQR 9–11) out of 11. Discussion HCWs had good TB knowledge. TB infection control measures were generally not implemented and need to be strengthened in PHCs to reduce M. tuberculosis transmission to HCWs, patients and visitors.

scholarly journals Health care workers' recommendations for strengthening tuberculosis infection control in the Dominican Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Helena J. Chapman ◽  
Bienvenido A. Veras-Estévez ◽  
Jamie L. Pomeranz ◽  
Eddy N. Pérez-Then ◽  
Belkys Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection Control
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