scholarly journals Battle of the hearts: China’s aim to become a soft (super)power and Europe’s response

European View ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 178168582110555
Author(s):  
Janne Leino
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Development ◽  
The Eu ◽  
At Home

While China has made remarkable advances in its economic, technological and military development over the past decades, its perceived influence and reputation are declining in some parts of the world. This poses a problem for Chinese decision-makers as the country’s self-proclaimed goal to become a leading global power relies on its build-up of soft power, that is, the ability to influence others by persuasion rather than coercion. The article examines why China, despite the increasingly nationalist tendencies at home, will continue its international push to become a soft (super)power, and discusses how the EU should react.

scholarly journals OBITUARY: James (Jim) F. Lynch 1942-1998

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Denis Saunders
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
At Home

Jim Lynch lost his long battle with cancer when he died at home at Shady Side Maryland, USA on 26th March. Despite the difficulties posed by his illness, he was carrying out fieldwork in Texas only three weeks before he died. Over the past year he produced several new papers and manuscripts and sustained an active correspondence with colleagues around the world.

BS449 to EC3 via BS5950: The Process, the Pitfalls and the Preparations

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Nethercot
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Personal View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Steel Design ◽  
The Eu

For more than 35 years the author has been directly involved with the preparation of Structural Steel Design Codes – both in the UK and, more widely, in the EU. This activity has also extended to include direct association with Code developments in several other countries around the world e.g. South Africa, Hong Kong etc. plus observation of the process in many places. Utilising the UK position as the timeline, this paper presents a largely personal view of developments over the past 100 years, beginning in the pre-code era and culminating in today's age of international cooperation.

The World Economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 8-33
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Risks of a US driven slowdown in world activity have receded in the past few months, as US consumer demand remains robust. However, a worsened outlook for Germany and Japan suggests that the recovery will be more gradual than previously anticipated, in part as a consequence of the strengthening of the euro and the yen against the dollar in recent months. We estimate that world growth recorded a modest improvement in 2002, rising to 2.7 per cent from 2.2 per cent in 2001. However, regional cyclical variation increased last year. While 2001 saw a sharp slowdown in growth across all the major regions of the world, with the world's three largest economies recording outright recessions, growth accelerated last year in the US, China and Dynamic Asia, but slowed further in the EU, Japan and South America.

scholarly journals Post-Normal Science in a German Landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Pielke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future State ◽  
The World

This essay explores the management and creation of ignorance via an exploration of the landscape of eastern Germany, which has seen profound social, political, and technological changes over the past several decades. Like in many places around the world decision makers in eastern Germany are seeking to reach a future state where seemingly conflicting outcomes related to the economy and the environment are simultaneously realized. The management of ignorance is an important but often overlooked consideration in decision making that the concept of "post-normal science" places into our focus of attention.

scholarly journals Valdai forum as a platform of political communication: articulation of cultural, spiritual and political traditions of Russia (a review of Valdai international club agenda)

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
S. S. Kamyshanskaya
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
National Values ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Traditions

The article represents the results of an actual analysis of the discussions on the site of the Valdai International Club over the past ten years in the context of the broadcast of the Russian message to the world as one of the instruments of Russian soft power. The author shows how the articulation of cultural, spiritual and political traditions of Russia occurs at the Valdai Forum as a platform for political communication and based on the appeal of the head of state to the problems of preserving cultural and national identity, forming a positive image of the state in the international arena, preserving national values and patriotic consciousness. A brief analysis is made of a number of fundamentally important thematic contours of the discussion by the Valdai Club members, which in recent years have become significant components of the formation of the Russian message to the world. Besides, the author substantiates the actualization of the concept of cultural imperative in the political science understanding of the cultural and value matrix of the Russian state and society in the Valdai discourse, and highlights an internal axiological aspect focused on civil-patriotic values, a sense of national identity, and the ideology of social justice.

scholarly journals Is the European Union's Soft Power in Decline?

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (761) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Karen E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The EU is a powerful model for the rest of the world: Most neighboring countries wish to join it rather than balance it or resist it, and other regional groupings around the world seek to emulate it.

Austerity and U.S. Strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Melvyn P. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
At Home

This chapter argues that austere times presented opportunities to reassess strategic concepts, think rigorously about goals, recalibrate priorities, and link means and ends. Constraints on defense spending forced policymakers to think more creatively about diplomatic solutions. This sometimes catalyzed bold initiatives to reassure friends and engage adversaries. In the past, budgetary austerity also forced officials to wrestle more forthrightly with the trade-offs between priorities at home and commitments abroad. It was an exercise that invariably reminded all Americans that the real sources of U.S. strength in the world were the health of its domestic economy, the vitality of its people, and the resilience of its political institutions.

The Effectiveness of Europe’s Economic and ‘Soft’ Power Instruments in its Relations with the State of Israel

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Guy Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Eu

The european integration programme is a unique and ambitious attempt on the part of numerous nations, with a long history of armed conflicts and diverse cultural, linguistic, legal and economic traditions, to become integrated under a ‘new legal order’. Indeed, the European Union (‘EU’) can look back with much satisfaction on its record of transforming a large part of Europe, once afflicted by wars, nationalist divisions, Nazism and Fascism, into a region where peace, political moderation and protection of human rights prevail. Now, the EU wishes to externalise its success. As Robert Kagan has argued inPower and Weakness, ‘the transmission of the European miracle to the rest of the world has become Europe’s newmission civilisatrice. Just as Americans have always believed that they had discovered the secret to human happiness and wished to export it to the rest of the world, so the Europeans have a new mission born of their own discovery of perpetual peace’.

Which Lessons Matter?: American Foreign Policy Decision Making in the Middle East, 1979–1987. By Christopher R. Hemmer. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2000. 217p. $17.95 cloth, $55.50 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
William B. Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
World Trade Center Attack ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Policy Decision Making

At least since Ernest May's influential (1973) ‘Lessons’ of the Past, students of American foreign policy have been conscious of the powerful hold that some analogies seem to have on the minds of decision makers. All of us can think of “Munich” and “Vietnam” as shorthand for a whole series of judgments that we rely on to work through the maze of foreign policy calculus. In the aftermath of the World Trade Center attack in September 2001, we heard reference to “Pearl Harbor.” And we can now anticipate that “9-11” will take its place as a marker for a set of lessons concerning the struggle against terrorism.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Romanian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 409-425
Author(s):  
Felicia Nica ◽  
Madalina Moraru
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Institutional Network ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Romania is the EU Member State with the highest numbers of emigrants, according to Eurostat. The annual growth of the Romanian diaspora is one of the fastest in the world, and quite recent (over the past 20 years). In light of these developments, the institutional network for engagement with Romanians abroad, first established in the mid-1990s, has recently increased in an attempt to respond to the fast-growing Romanian diaspora. A Ministry entirely dedicated to maintaining the relations with the Romanian diaspora was formally institutionalized 10 years after Romania officially joined the EU in 2017, replacing scattered departments and institutional bodies. However, the role of the recently set up diaspora institutions still needs to be clarified and firmly determined. Policies were developed with the goal of ensuring the integration of Romanian citizens in their countries of residence, but also to encourage return to Romania. In particular, as few other European diaspora populations, the Romanian diaspora is represented in the Romanian Parliament by two Senators and four Deputies who represent the interests of three to five million Romanians abroad.

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