Metabolites from Withania aristata with Potential Phytotoxic Activity

A series of apocarotenoids (1-8) and one carotenoid (9) were isolated from the leaves of Withania aristata. In addition, the tetraacetylated apocarotenoid glucosides 10-12 were obtained by acetylation, with derivative 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6 E-dien-3-one 9- O-β-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate (10) being described for the first time. The structures have been determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means, mainly NMR and ESIMS, and comparison with data reported in the literature. These metabolites were evaluated on a systematic phytotoxicity assay using the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay. Compounds 1-3, 9 and 12 were further assayed for their phytotoxicity on the target species Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicum esculentum and Allium cepa. Among the assayed compounds, lutein (9) showed the most significant values for phytotoxicity, followed by the non-glycosylated apocarotenoids (6 S, 9 R)-vomifoliol (1) and 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6 E-dien-3-one (2).

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Phytotoxicity of Triterpenes and Limonoids from the Rutaceae and Meliaceae. 5α,6β,8α,12α-Tetrahydro-28-norisotoonafolin – a Potent Phytotoxin from Toona ciliata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liliane Nebo ◽

Rosa M. Varela ◽

José M. G. Molinillo ◽

Vanessa G. P. Severino ◽

André L. F. Sarria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Wheat Coleoptile ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Target Species ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Toona Ciliata ◽

Allelopathic Compounds ◽

Better Than

Limonoids and triterpenes are the largest groups of secondary metabolites and have notable biological activities. Meliaceae and Rutaceae are known for their high diversity of metabolites, including limonoids, and are distinguished from other families due to the frequent occurrence of such compounds. The increased interest in crop protection associated with the diverse bioactivity of these compounds has made these families attractive in the search for new allelopathic compounds. In the study reported here we evaluated the bioactivity profiles of four triterpenes (1–4) and six limonoids (5–10) from Meliaceae and Rutaceae. The compounds were assessed in a wheat coleoptile bioassay and those that had the highest activities were tested on the standard target species Lepidium sativum (cress), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and Allium cepa (onion). Limonoids showed phytotoxic activity and 5 α,6 β,8 α,12 α-tetrahydro-28-norisotoonafolin (10) and gedunin (5) were the most active, with bioactivity levels similar to, and in some cases better than, those of the commercial herbicide Logran. The results indicate that these products could also be allelochemicals involved in the ecological interactions of these plant species.

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Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1136

Author(s):

Cristina Tena ◽

Ana del Rosario Santiago ◽

Dolores Osuna ◽

Teresa Sosa

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Cistus Ladanifer ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Phenolic Components ◽

Leaf Exudate ◽

Very High ◽

Mediterranean Shrub ◽

High Diversity

Numerous studies about the leaf exudate of Cistus ladanifer highlight this Mediterranean shrub as an allelopathic species. Despite the very high diversity of secondary metabolites identified in its labdanum, only a few components have been evaluated. p-Cresol, 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol are three phenolic components present in the labdanum of C. ladanifer whose role has not been specified to date. The present study, through a static acute toxicity test, analyzed their activity, with respect to Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa. These three separate compounds and the mixture of all of them have a more or less phytotoxic activity depending on the medium, species and concentration tested. When the test is carried out on paper, the three pure allelochemicals and their mixture at 1 mM significantly inhibited the total germination, the germination rate and the development of the Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa seedlings to a lesser extent, but when the test performed in soil, the effects on the size of roots and cotyledons are attenuated. Furthermore, in the two species tested on paper, the joint action of the three compounds at 1 mM shows a significantly greater inhibition of the measured indices than each of the compounds separately.

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Sensibilidade de diferentes sementes em ensaio de fitotoxicidade

Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação ◽

10.18554/rbcti.v4i2.3698 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Thais Araujo Goya Peduto ◽

Tatiane Araújo de Jesus ◽

Marcio Yukihiro Kohatsu

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Eruca Sativa

A Ecotoxicologia estuda a contaminação ambiental e os efeitos das substâncias químicas em seres vivos, investigando se são passíveis de causar danos aos organismos, levando em conta a sensibilidade à exposição por agentes tóxicos. Os testes de toxicidade com organismos vegetais possuem vantagens como: a simplicidade na realização do ensaio, sensibilidade na indicação de substâncias tóxicas e baixo custo. Como limitações, estas análises não permitem identificar especificamente os contaminantes que causam a toxicidade. Dessa forma, visou-se neste estudo analisar e comparar os parâmetros macroscópicos que demonstram alterações no crescimento inicial de seis espécies vegetais fortemente empregadas como bioindicadoras de toxicidade e analisar o índice de germinação. Eles consistiram em incubar (n = 10) sementes das espécies Allium cepa(Cebola), Cucumis sativus(Pepino), Lepidium sativum(Agrião do jardim), Lactuca sativa(Alface), Sinapis alba(Mostarda) e Eruca sativa(Rúcula), por diferentes períodos, em contato com três soluções de controle (Dicromato de Potássio, água ISO e água destilada) à temperatura de 20 ºC. Foi realizado também o comparativo econômico de aquisição das sementes no comércio. Os ensaios de germinação apresentaram diferentes respostas, concluindo que a semente da espécie S. albaobteve o melhor desempenho no teste de fitotoxicidade, por apresentar alta germinação em menor tempo de incubação, facilidade de avaliação das plântulas, elevado grau de sensibilidade frente aoscompostos estimulante e inibidor e menor valor de compra.

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Allelopathic Effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 495

Author(s):

Shixing Zhou ◽

Toshmatov Zokir ◽

Yu Mei ◽

Lijing Lei ◽

Kai Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

First Time ◽

Stem Leaf

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time. Serphidium kaschgaricu was found to release volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect other plants’ growth, with its VOCs suppressing root elongation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L. by 65.47% and 60.37% at 10 g/1.5 L treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile oils produced by stems, leaves, flowers and flowering shoots exhibited phytotoxic activity against A. retroflexus and P. annua. At 0.5 mg/mL, stem, leaf and flower oils significantly reduced seedling growth of the receiver plants, and 1.5 mg/mL oils nearly completely prohibited seed germination of both species. GC/MS analysis revealed that among the total 37 identified compounds in the oils, 19 of them were common, with eucalyptol (43.00%, 36.66%, 19.52%, and 38.68% in stem, leaf, flower and flowering shoot oils, respectively) and camphor (21.55%, 24.91%, 21.64%, and 23.35%, respectively) consistently being the dominant constituents in all oils. Eucalyptol, camphor and their mixture exhibited much weaker phytotoxicity compared with the volatile oils, implying that less abundant compounds in the volatile oil might contribute significantly to the oils’ activity. Our results suggested that S. kaschgaricum was capable of synthesizing and releasing allelopathic volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect neighboring plants’ growth, which might improve its competitiveness thus facilitate the establishment of dominance.

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Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3542

Author(s):

Ramida Krumsri ◽

Kaori Ozaki ◽

Toshiaki Teruya ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Seedling Length

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.

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Selective phytotoxic activity of eugenol towards monocot and dicot target species

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2021.1897810 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Sara Vitalini ◽

Francesca Orlando ◽

Marcello Iriti

Keyword(s):

Target Species ◽

Phytotoxic Activity

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Índices de calidad ambiental de aguas del Arroyo Caañabe mediante tests microbiológicos y ecotoxicológico

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.1703 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 548

Author(s):

Tomás Rodrigo López Arias ◽

Virginia Florencia Fernández Peralta ◽

Deidamia Mercedes Franco de Diana ◽

Edgar Fidel Galeano Delgado ◽

Fernando Salvador Alonso Márquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

E Coli ◽

Los Grupos

El Arroyo Caañabe, es un curso de agua que corre a través de los Departamentos Central y Paraguarí (República del Paraguay). Las descargas de origen agropecuario, urbano e industrial contaminan sus aguas. En este trabajo se evalúa la calidad del arroyo mediante sus características fisicoquímicas, ecotoxicológicas, microbiológicas y se la comparan con la legislación vigente. Se colectaron muestras en los meses de Julio y Setiembre del año 2014. Se estudiaron tres sitios denominados S1, ubicado en aguas arriba de la Ciudad de Carapegua; S2 en la intersección del arroyo con la Ruta 1, y S3, en la zona límite de las ciudades de Carapegua y Nueva Italia. Se realizaron ensayos de toxicidad aguda con Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa, y alevines de Danio rerio; además de ensayos crónicos en Tetradesmus wisconsinenesis, D. rerio y Allium cepa. Se evaluaron los grupos y especies microbianos siguientes: aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias, coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, E. coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, mohos y levaduras; además se determinaron índices de calidad y de contaminación. Los resultados indican que las aguas del arroyo presentaron características de clase II y de clase III según el padrón establecido por la Secretaría del Ambiente del Paraguay. El índice de calidad de agua (ICA) arrojó valores comprendidos entre 52 y 62 lo que otorga la clasificación de “regular”; mientras que el índice de contaminación trófica (ICOTRO) presentó valores entre 0,12 y 0.26, indicando “eutrofización”. Los recuentos de coliformes fueron superiores en el segundo muestreo, aunque dentro lo establecido por la norma. La presencia de P. aeruginosa en los tres puntos constituye un riesgo para la salud. Ensayos ecotoxicológicos agudos mostraron que las aguas presentan escasos efectos letales, no obstante los ensayos crónicos en A. cepa y el test de micronúcleos en D. rerio indican potenciales efectos citotóxicos y genotóxicos de las aguas del Arroyo Caañabe.

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Potencial fitotóxico de Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. (Gleicheniaceae)

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062011000100012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Valerí Schmidt da Silva ◽

Ana Carina da Silva Cândido ◽

Caroline Muller ◽

Valdemir Antônio Laura ◽

Odival Faccenda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Allium Cepa L

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial fitotóxico do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações semipurificadas de Dicranopteris flexuosa por meio de bioensaios de germinação e crescimento de Lactuca sativa L. (alface), Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomate), Allium cepa L. (cebola) e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo) em laboratório e casa de vegetação e quantificar o teor total de fenóis e flavonóides dos extratos e frações. Nos bioensaios realizados em laboratório foram utilizadas quatro concentrações (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg L-1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A análise dos resultados indica redução da velocidade e/ou inibição da germinação, estímulo do crescimento da raiz das eudicotiledôneas e inibição da raiz adventícia das monocotiledôneas estudadas. Nos bioensaios realizados em casa de vegetação foram utilizadas as mesmas concentrações dos bioensaios em laboratório, com oito repetições de cinco sementes por vaso. A análise dos resultados indica que o comprimento da raiz foi afetado pelo extrato etanólico bruto, ocorrendo estímulo em tomate e inibição em cebola e trigo. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea foi estimulada na menor concentração em alface e trigo. A fração acetato de etila foi a que apresentou os maiores teores de fenóis e flavonóides totais. Embora os resultados sejam preliminares, observa-se que o extrato etanólico e as frações semipurificadas de D. flexuosa também contêm substâncias que interferem no crescimento das plântulas de alface, tomate, cebola e trigo.

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