scholarly journals Flower Color Changes in three Japanese Hibiscus Species: Further Quantitative Variation of Anthocyanin and Flavonols

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shimokawa ◽  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Noriaki Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Flavonoid Composition

One anthocyanin and four flavonols were detected from the petals of Hibiscus hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber. They were identified as cyanidin 3- O-sambubioside, gossypetin 3- O-glucuronide-8- O-glucoside, quercetin 7- O-rutinoside, gossypetin 3- O-glucoside and gossypetin 8- O-glucuronide by UV spectra, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and HPLC. The flavonoid composition was essentially the same among the petals of H. hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber, and there was little quantitative variation, except for cyanidin 3- O-sambubioside, the content of which in the petals of H. tiliaceus and H. glaber was much higher than in that of H. hamabo. Flower colors of H. tiliaceus and H. glaber change from yellow to red, and that of H. hamabo changes from yellow to orange. These changes were caused by contents of anthocyanin and flavonols, which increased after flowering of H. hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber.

scholarly journals Flavonol Glycosides from the Leaves of Allium Macrostemon

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Nakane ◽  
Tsukasa Iwashina
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Allium Macrostemon ◽  
First Time

Twelve flavonoids were isolated from Allium macrostemon leaves. Five compounds were identified as kaempferol 3,7-di -O-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3,4′-di- O-glucoside (2), quercetin 3- O-glucoside (3), kaempferol 3- O-glucoside (4) and isorhamnetin 3- O-glucoside (5) by UV spectra, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and HPLC comparisons with authentic standards. Other flavonoids were characterized as kaempferol glycosides (6–8, 10 and 11) and quercetin glycosides (9 and 12). Other compounds, such as steroidal saponins, have been already found from the bulbs of A. macrostemon. However, flavonoids were reported for the first time from the leaves.

scholarly journals New Flavonol Glycosides from the Leaves of Triantha Japonica and Tofieldia Nuda

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Minoru N. Tamura ◽  
Yoshinori Murai ◽  
Junichi Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
C Nmr

Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Triantha japonica, together with eight known flavonols, kaempferol 3- O-sophoroside, kaempferol 3- O-sambubioside, kaempferol 3- O-glucosyl-(1→2)-[glucosyl-(1→6)-glucoside], quercetin 3- O-sophoroside, quercetin 3- O-sambubioside, isorhamnetin 3- O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3- O-sophoroside and isorhamnetin 3- O-sambubioside. The new compounds were identified as kaempferol 3- O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside] (1) and isorhamnetin 3- O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside] (3) by UV, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Another two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Tofieldia nuda, and identified as kaempferol 3- O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside] (4) and quercetin 3- O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside] (5). Though the genera Triantha and Tofieldia were treated as Tofieldia sensu lato, they were recently divided into two genera. It was shown by this survey that their flavonoid composition were also different to each other.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis on the Petal of ‘Chen Xi’ Rose with Light-Induced Color Changes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Mengyue Su ◽  
Rebecca Njeri Damaris ◽  
Zhengrong Hu ◽  
Pingfang Yang ◽  
Jiao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Rose Petal ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Color Modification

Flower color is one of the most prominent traits of rose flowers and determines their ornamental value. The color of the “Chen Xi” rose can change from yellow to red during flower blooming. In the present study, the flavonoid metabolites were investigated by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS from the petals of four successive flower development stages under natural conditions. In total, 176 flavonoid components, including 49 flavones, 59 flavonols, 12 flavanones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, and 41 proanthocyanidins were identified, with some of them being detected for the first time in this study. Additionally, there were 56 compounds that showed differences among comparison groups, mainly being enriched in pathways of isoflavone, flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, phenylpropanoids, and anthocyanin. Among them, it is anthocyanins that allow the rose flower to turn red when exposed to sunlight. To verify this result, compounds from rose petal with shading treatment (S2D) was also detected but could be clearly separated from the four samples under light by clustering and principal component analyses (PCA). Consistent with low anthocyanins accumulation, the flower with shading could not turn red. Moreover, it provides a foundation for further research on the light-induced color modification of flower.

scholarly journals Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Ljiljana Radojevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
In Vitro Plants ◽  
One Year

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.

scholarly journals PROSES PEMBUNGAAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS Hoya coronaria DARI KAWASAN HUTAN KERANGAS AIR ANYIR, BANGKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Risti Annisa ◽  
Yulian Fakhrurrozi ◽  
Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Heath Forest ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Flowering Process

Hoya coronaria found in heath forest of Air Anyir, Bangka has diverse colors. Flowers color diversity sometimes correlated varieties or the result of color changes during flowering process. The flowers development process observed from 5 H. coronaria varieties with different color from heath forest of Air Anyir, Bangka.The purpose of this research to know the flowering process and flower color change process some varieties of H. coronaria. This research done from September 2015-January 2016. This study used qualitative method to made detail and systematic description about flowering phase. H.coronaria flowering process consists of flower initation, flower estabilisment and flower development. Flower initation needs 13-15 days, flower estabilisment needs 10-12 days and flower development consists of early blooming process, full blooming and senescene. Early blooming process needs 1-3 days, full blooming needs 5-12 days and senescene needs 1-3 days. During the development process changes from rounded to pentagonal shape and there is a change in size. The observation result showed that 5 varieties are different from one another based on the difference between the colors of the flowers. Variety 1 has yellow corolla without honey line and deep pink corona. Variety 2 has light yellow green corolla with strong pink honey line and moderate red corona. Variety 3 has moderate red corolla with moderate red honey line and moderate red corona. Variety 4 has light yellow green corolla with moderate pink honey line and light yellow green corona. Variety 5 has moderate red without honey line and grayish red corona

scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Toshiharu Enomae ◽  
Feng-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
High Acid Concentration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

To expand the application field of the pulping industry, this study conducted a series of sample preparations for processing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from a dry hardwood pulp to achieve optimal sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The properties of laboratory-prepared pulp CNCs (P-CNCs) were investigated with different preparation conditions including sulfuric acid concentrations, hydrolysis temperatures, and hydrolysis durations. Results showed a gradient of color changes observed with the increase of hydrolysis duration and temperature. Under certain conditions, the derived P-CNCs exhibited nanoscale dimensions, detected by transmission electron microscopy, and a crystallinity index similar to commercial products. In addition, the surface sulfate groups were assumed to be contributed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. However, a high acid concentration and long hydrolysis processing duration introduced more sulfate groups on the derived P-CNCs, which may have acted as flame retardants and, thus, increased the amount of char residue.

Tissue culture-induced flower-color changes in Saintpaulia caused by excision of the transposon inserted in the flavonoid 3′, 5′ hydroxylase (F3′5′H) promoter

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Sato ◽  
Takashi Kawabe ◽  
Munetaka Hosokawa ◽  
Fumi Tatsuzawa ◽  
Motoaki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Changes

scholarly journals The Effects of Ozone on Visual Attraction Traits of Erodium paularense (Geraniaceae) Flowers: Modelled Perception by Insect Pollinators

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Samuel Prieto-Benítez ◽  
Raquel Ruiz-Checa ◽  
Victoria Bermejo-Bermejo ◽  
Ignacio Gonzalez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Novel Method

Ozone (O3) effects on the visual attraction traits (color, perception and area) of petals are described for Erodium paularense, an endangered plant species. Plants were exposed to three O3 treatments: charcoal-filtered air (CFA), ambient (NFA) and ambient + 40 nL L−1 O3 (FU+) in open-top chambers. Changes in color were measured by spectral reflectance, from which the anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI) was calculated. Petal spectral reflectance was mapped onto color spaces of bees, flies and butterflies for studying color changes as perceived by different pollinator guilds. Ozone-induced increases in petal reflectance and a rise in ARI under NFA were observed. Ambient O3 levels also induced a partial change in the color perception of flies, with the number of petals seen as blue increasing to 53% compared to only 24% in CFA. Butterflies also showed the ability to partially perceive petal color changes, differentiating some CFA petals from NFA and FU+ petals through changes in the excitation of the UV photoreceptor. Importantly, O3 reduced petal area by 19.8 and 25% in NFA and FU+ relative to CFA, respectively. In sensitive species O3 may affect visual attraction traits important for pollination, and spectral reflectance is proposed as a novel method for studying O3 effects on flower color.

scholarly journals Flavonoid Components of Different Color Magnolia Flowers and Their Relationship to Cultivar Selections

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninghang Wang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Sainan Bian ◽  
Pengjie Chang ◽  
Lingjuan Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Diode Array Detection ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Different Color

Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) is widely cultivated for its beauty; however, despite this, the components of the different flower colors in Magnolia have not been elucidated. In this study, the color parameters of 10 Magnolia petals with different colors were measured by the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC) and a color reader CR-10. The composition and content of the flavonoids in the petals were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) as well as HPLC with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS2). All results showed that the 10 petals were divided into four color groups. Regarding the flavonoid composition, four types of anthocyanins, including Cyanidin-glucosyl-rhamnoside (Cy-GR), Cyanidin-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside (Cy-GRG), Peonidin-glucosyl-rhamnoside (Pn-GR), and Peonidin-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside (Pn-GRG), were identified, as well as 10 types of flavonols. The flavonols included isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their glycosides, which included rutinoside, rhamnose, and glucoside. Cyanidin and peonidin make Magnolia petals appear red-purple and purple, respectively, and the flavonols perform as evident auxiliary pigments, particularly quercetin. The Magnolia cultivar flower phenotypes sampled in this study differed by changes in their existing flavonoid content rather than by the appearance of new flavonoids. Consequently, this study provides a reference for further revealing the basis of Magnolia flower color and provides clues for color breeding.

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