scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis on the Petal of ‘Chen Xi’ Rose with Light-Induced Color Changes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Mengyue Su ◽  
Rebecca Njeri Damaris ◽  
Zhengrong Hu ◽  
Pingfang Yang ◽  
Jiao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Rose Petal ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Color Modification

Flower color is one of the most prominent traits of rose flowers and determines their ornamental value. The color of the “Chen Xi” rose can change from yellow to red during flower blooming. In the present study, the flavonoid metabolites were investigated by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS from the petals of four successive flower development stages under natural conditions. In total, 176 flavonoid components, including 49 flavones, 59 flavonols, 12 flavanones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, and 41 proanthocyanidins were identified, with some of them being detected for the first time in this study. Additionally, there were 56 compounds that showed differences among comparison groups, mainly being enriched in pathways of isoflavone, flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, phenylpropanoids, and anthocyanin. Among them, it is anthocyanins that allow the rose flower to turn red when exposed to sunlight. To verify this result, compounds from rose petal with shading treatment (S2D) was also detected but could be clearly separated from the four samples under light by clustering and principal component analyses (PCA). Consistent with low anthocyanins accumulation, the flower with shading could not turn red. Moreover, it provides a foundation for further research on the light-induced color modification of flower.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Jaihyunk Ryu ◽  
Jae Il Lyu ◽  
Dong-Gun Kim ◽  
Jung-Min Kim ◽  
Yeong Deuk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terpene Alcohols ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
The Rose

Roses are one of the most important floricultural crops, and their essential oils have long been used for cosmetics and aromatherapy. We investigated the volatile compound compositions of 12 flower-color mutant variants and their original cultivars. Twelve rose mutant genotypes were developed by treatment with 70 Gy of 60Co gamma irradiation of six commercial rose cultivars. Essential oils from the flowers of the 18 genotypes were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Seventy-seven volatile compounds were detected, which were categorized into six classes: Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ester, aromatic compounds, terpene alcohols, and others. Aliphatic (hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters) compounds were abundant categories in all rose flowers. The CR-S2 mutant had the highest terpene alcohols and oil content. Three (CR-S1, CR-S3, and CR-S4) mutant genotypes showed higher ester contents than their original cultivar. Nonacosane, 2-methylhexacosane, and 2-methyltricosane were major volatile compounds among all genotypes. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the rose genotypes gave four groups according to grouping among the 77 volatile compounds. In addition, the principal component analysis (PCA) model was successfully applied to distinguish most attractive rose lines. These findings will be useful for the selection of rose genotypes with improved volatile compounds.

scholarly journals Hybrid-Transcriptome Sequencing and Associated Metabolite Analysis Reveal Putative Genes Involved in Flower Color Difference in Rose Mutants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Huang ◽  
Furong Lin ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Yongqi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Rose Petal ◽  
The Rose

Gene mutation is a common phenomenon in nature that often leads to phenotype differences, such as the variations in flower color that frequently occur in roses. With the aim of revealing the genomic information and inner mechanisms, the differences in the levels of both transcription and secondary metabolism between a pair of natural rose mutants were investigated by using hybrid RNA-sequencing and metabolite analysis. Metabolite analysis showed that glycosylated derivatives of pelargonidin, e.g., pelargonidin 3,5 diglucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside, which were not detected in white flowers (Rosa ‘Whilte Mrago Koster’), constituted the major pigments in pink flowers. Conversely, the flavonol contents of petal, such as kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, and rutin, were higher in white flowers. Hybrid RNA-sequencing obtained a total of 107,280 full-length transcripts in rose petal which were annotated in major databases. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly different, e.g., CHS, FLS, DFR, LDOX, which was verified by qRT-PCR during flowering. Additionally, two MYB transcription factors were found and named RmMYBAN2 and RmMYBPA1, and their expression patterns during flowering were also analyzed. These findings indicate that these genes may be involved in the flower color difference in the rose mutants, and competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis is a primary cause of flower color variation, with its regulation reflected by transcriptional and secondary metabolite levels.

scholarly journals Observations on early fungal infections with relevance for replant disease in fine roots of the rose rootstock Rosa corymbifera 'Laxa'

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grunewaldt-Stöcker ◽  
C. Popp ◽  
A. Baumann ◽  
S. Fricke ◽  
M. Menssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose

AbstractReplant disease is a worldwide phenomenon affecting various woody plant genera and species, especially within the Rosaceae. Compared to decades of intensive studies regarding replant disease of apple (ARD), the replant disease of roses (RRD) has hardly been investigated. The etiology of RRD is also still unclear and a remedy desperately needed. In greenhouse pot trials with seedlings of the RRD-sensitive rootstock Rosa corymbifera ‘Laxa’ cultured in replant disease affected soils from two different locations, early RRD symptom development was studied in fine roots. In microscopic analyses we found similarities to ARD symptoms with regards to structural damages, impairment in the root hair status, and necroses and blackening in the cortex tissue. Examinations of both whole mounts and thin sections of fine root segments revealed frequent conspicuous fungal infections in association with the cellular disorders. Particularly striking were fungal intracellular structures with pathogenic characteristics that are described for the first time. Isolated fungi from these tissue areas were identified by means of ITS primers, and many of them were members of the Nectriaceae. In a next step, 35 of these isolates were subjected to a multi-locus sequence analysis and the results revealed that several genera and species were involved in the development of RRD within a single rose plant. Inoculations with selected single isolates (Rugonectria rugulosa and Ilyonectria robusta) in a Perlite assay confirmed their pathogenic relationship to early necrotic host plant reactions, and symptoms were similar to those exhibited in ARD.

Patients Who Attend Alone at a First Memory Consultation: Are They a Specific Population,or Is It an Instance of Confounding Bias?

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Pierre Koskas ◽  
Mouna Romdhani ◽  
Olivier Drunat
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Group 1

As commonly happens in epidemiological research, none of the reported studies were totally free of methodological problems. Studies have considered the influence of social relationships on dementia, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are not perfectly understood. We look at the possible impact of selection bias. For their first memory consultation, patients may come alone or accompanied by a relative. Our objective is to better understand the impact of this factor by retrospective follow-up of geriatric memory outpatients over several years. All patients over 70 who were referred to Bretonneau Memory Clinic for the first time, between January 2006 and 2018, were included in the study. The patients who came alone formed group 1, the others, whatever type of relative accompanied them, formed group 2. We compared the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of patients; and for all patients who came twice for consultation with at least a 60-day interval, we compared their first MMSE with the MMSE performed at the second consultation. In total, 2,935 patients were included, aged 79.7 ± 8.4 years. Six hundred and twenty-five formed group 1 and 2,310 group 2. We found a significant difference in MMSE scores between the 2 groups of patients; and upon second consultation in group 2, but that difference was minor in group 1. Our finding of a possible confounding factor underlines the complexity of choosing comparison groups in order to minimize selection bias while maintaining clinical relevance.

Bioinfomatics Analysis of the Anthocyanidin synthase Gene in Tree Peony

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1181-1184
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yan Wei Cheng ◽  
Hui Yuan Ya ◽  
Chao Yun ◽  
Jian Ming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Color Modification

Anthocyanin mainly responsible for flowers color in many plant species, it also accumulated in response to lots of environmental stress to reduce the damage to plant cell. Anthocyanin synthesis (ANS) protein is an important synthetase participated in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we isolated the PsANS gene from transcriptome database built by our previous study. The PsANS gene contain an 1050bp open reading frame encoding 349 amino acid, phylogenetic analysis revealed that PsANS was segrated into a group with ANS from others plant species. Secondary and thri-dimension structure prediction also revealed that it may have similar function with ANS in others plant species. The identified PsANS gene would be helpful for further research in flower color modification and resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Principal Component Gradiometer technique for removal of spacecraft-generated disturbances from magnetic field data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Dragoş Constantinescu ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Auster ◽  
Magda Delva ◽  
Olaf Hillenmaier ◽  
Werner Magnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Field Data ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Time Required ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. In situ measurement of the magnetic field using space borne instruments requires either a magnetically clean platform and/or a very long boom for accommodating magnetometer sensors at a large distance from the spacecraft body. This significantly drives up the costs and time required to build a spacecraft. Here we present an alternative sensor configuration and an algorithm allowing for ulterior removal of the spacecraft generated disturbances from the magnetic field measurements, thus lessening the need for a magnetic cleanliness program and allowing for shorter boom length. The proposed algorithm is applied to the Service Oriented Spacecraft Magnetometer (SOSMAG) onboard the Korean geostationary satellite GeoKompsat-2A (GK2A) which uses for the first time a multi-sensor configuration for onboard data cleaning. The successful elimination of disturbances originating from several sources validates the proposed cleaning technique.

scholarly journals Explore the Effects of Fertilization on Polyphenols Content in Autumn of Forages from Hill Permanent Grassland by Principal Component & Classifications Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica HARMANESCU
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Chemometric Techniques ◽  
First Time

Principal Components and Classification Analysis (PC&CA) represents one of the most utilised multivariate chemometric techniques, having the advantage to use many measurements for a single sample in the same time, being recommended for understanding better the complexity of one phenomenon. The aim of this paper was to use PC&CA to study the effects of different types of fertilizers on polyphenols content of forages harvested in autumn from permanent grassland. Gravimetrically was established the matrix of floristic composition. The experimental field was fertilized first time in 2003, organic and/or NPK mineral. The determination of polyphenols contents was made using UV-VIS SPECORD 205 spectrophotometer, in conformity to chemical Folin and Ciocalteu colorimetric method. The highest polyphenols content was identified in forages from unfertilized variant (108 µM gallic acid/g). PC&CA can be a useful tool in describing the modification of polyphenols contents of forages under the effects of organic and/or mineral fertilisation of permanent grassland.

Apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Appiadu ◽  
Mercy Kuma-Kpobee ◽  
Efua Vandyck
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Apparel Shopping ◽  
Shopping Orientation ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to identify the apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults and to assess the applicability of the consumer styles inventory (CSI) within the Ghanaian context.Design/methodology/approachA multistage random sampling technique was used to select 405 Ghanaian female undergraduate students aged 18–25 years from the University of Ghana. The CSI was used to collect data and these were analyzed using principal component analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the subjects adopted multiple shopping styles when scouting for stores and selecting apparel for managing their appearance. Seven of the CSI dimensions were confirmed (perfectionism, brand consciousness, novelty-fashion consciousness, confused by over-choice, impulsive carelessness, recreational hedonism and habitual brand loyalty). A new shopping style, indifference shopping orientation was identified.Practical implicationsMarket segmentation, product development and marketing strategies should be tailored to the shopping styles of female young consumers in Ghana.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, uses the consumer characteristic approach and the CSI to identify the apparel decision-making styles of young adult female Ghanaians. This fulfils the need for the study of shopping styles, which is vital for producers and marketers to enable them to make informed decisions to meet specific needs and expectations of these cohorts of consumers.

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