The Effects of Ozone on Visual Attraction Traits of Erodium paularense (Geraniaceae) Flowers: Modelled Perception by Insect Pollinators

Ozone (O3) effects on the visual attraction traits (color, perception and area) of petals are described for Erodium paularense, an endangered plant species. Plants were exposed to three O3 treatments: charcoal-filtered air (CFA), ambient (NFA) and ambient + 40 nL L−1 O3 (FU+) in open-top chambers. Changes in color were measured by spectral reflectance, from which the anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI) was calculated. Petal spectral reflectance was mapped onto color spaces of bees, flies and butterflies for studying color changes as perceived by different pollinator guilds. Ozone-induced increases in petal reflectance and a rise in ARI under NFA were observed. Ambient O3 levels also induced a partial change in the color perception of flies, with the number of petals seen as blue increasing to 53% compared to only 24% in CFA. Butterflies also showed the ability to partially perceive petal color changes, differentiating some CFA petals from NFA and FU+ petals through changes in the excitation of the UV photoreceptor. Importantly, O3 reduced petal area by 19.8 and 25% in NFA and FU+ relative to CFA, respectively. In sensitive species O3 may affect visual attraction traits important for pollination, and spectral reflectance is proposed as a novel method for studying O3 effects on flower color.

Download Full-text

Estimation of Fractal Dimension in Different Color Model

International Journal of Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics ◽

10.4018/ijkdb.2018010106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 75-93

Author(s):

Sumitra Kisan ◽

Sarojananda Mishra ◽

Ajay Chawda ◽

Sanjay Nayak

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Color Space ◽

Vital Role ◽

Color Images ◽

Color Spaces ◽

Fractal Surfaces ◽

Test Operation ◽

Novel Method ◽

Rgb Color Space ◽

Different Color

This article describes how the term fractal dimension (FD) plays a vital role in fractal geometry. It is a degree that distinguishes the complexity and the irregularity of fractals, denoting the amount of space filled up. There are many procedures to evaluate the dimension for fractal surfaces, like box count, differential box count, and the improved differential box count method. These methods are basically used for grey scale images. The authors' objective in this article is to estimate the fractal dimension of color images using different color models. The authors have proposed a novel method for the estimation in CMY and HSV color spaces. In order to achieve the result, they performed test operation by taking number of color images in RGB color space. The authors have presented their experimental results and discussed the issues that characterize the approach. At the end, the authors have concluded the article with the analysis of calculated FDs for images with different color space.

Download Full-text

A Novel Piece-Wise Linear Algorithm for Human Skin Segmentation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.317 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 743 ◽

pp. 317-320

Author(s):

Ravi Subban ◽

Pasupathi Perumalsamy ◽

G. Annalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Color Space ◽

Skin Detection ◽

Color Spaces ◽

Color Component ◽

Skin Segmentation ◽

Space Transformation ◽

Color Space Transformation ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Novel Method

This paper presents a novel method for skin segmentation in color images using piece-wise linear bound skin detection. Various color schemes are investigated and evaluated to find the effect of color space transformation over the skin detection performance. The comprehensive knowledge about the various color spaces helps in skin color modeling evaluation. The absence of the luminance component increases performance, which also supports in finding the appropriate color space for skin detection. The single color component produces the better performance than combined color component and reduces computational complexity.

Download Full-text

Wet-Chemical Processing and Angle-Dependent Optical Properties Characterization of Mica/TiO2/Al2O3/M2O3 (M = Fe, Cr, Co) Pigments

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1053 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 663-665 ◽

pp. 1053-1056

Author(s):

Hai Yan Du ◽

Cai Xia Liu ◽

Jia Yue Sun

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Spectral Reflectance ◽

Layer Structure ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

Color Changes ◽

Optical Effects ◽

Coating Method ◽

Wet Chemical

The four-layer structure angle-dependent pigments with compositions of Mica/TiO2 /Al2O3/Fe2O3, Mica/TiO2/Al2O3/Cr2O3 and Mica/TiO2/Al2O3/Co2O3 were firstly prepared by the wet-chemical coating method, respectively. The as-prepared pigments were performed by precipitating different metal ions, such as Cr3+, Fe3+, Co2+and Al3+, on the pretreated substrates, mica titanium. The optical effects of four-layer structure pigments were investigated in detail by using the five angles’ spectrophotometer. The angle-dependent spectral reflectance and color changes can be quantitatively measured, and the results show that the angle-dependent effects for the as-prepared pigment were improved by the increasing coated Al2O3 layers.

Download Full-text

Flower Color Changes in three Japanese Hibiscus Species: Further Quantitative Variation of Anthocyanin and Flavonols

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000319 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Satoshi Shimokawa ◽

Tsukasa Iwashina ◽

Noriaki Murakami

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Flower Color ◽

Uv Spectra ◽

Quantitative Variation ◽

Color Changes ◽

Flavonoid Composition

One anthocyanin and four flavonols were detected from the petals of Hibiscus hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber. They were identified as cyanidin 3- O-sambubioside, gossypetin 3- O-glucuronide-8- O-glucoside, quercetin 7- O-rutinoside, gossypetin 3- O-glucoside and gossypetin 8- O-glucuronide by UV spectra, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and HPLC. The flavonoid composition was essentially the same among the petals of H. hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber, and there was little quantitative variation, except for cyanidin 3- O-sambubioside, the content of which in the petals of H. tiliaceus and H. glaber was much higher than in that of H. hamabo. Flower colors of H. tiliaceus and H. glaber change from yellow to red, and that of H. hamabo changes from yellow to orange. These changes were caused by contents of anthocyanin and flavonols, which increased after flowering of H. hamabo, H. tiliaceus and H. glaber.

Download Full-text

Metabolomic Analysis on the Petal of ‘Chen Xi’ Rose with Light-Induced Color Changes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2065

Author(s):

Mengyue Su ◽

Rebecca Njeri Damaris ◽

Zhengrong Hu ◽

Pingfang Yang ◽

Jiao Deng

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Flower Color ◽

Metabolomic Analysis ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Color Changes ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Rose Petal ◽

First Time ◽

The Rose ◽

Color Modification

Flower color is one of the most prominent traits of rose flowers and determines their ornamental value. The color of the “Chen Xi” rose can change from yellow to red during flower blooming. In the present study, the flavonoid metabolites were investigated by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS from the petals of four successive flower development stages under natural conditions. In total, 176 flavonoid components, including 49 flavones, 59 flavonols, 12 flavanones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, and 41 proanthocyanidins were identified, with some of them being detected for the first time in this study. Additionally, there were 56 compounds that showed differences among comparison groups, mainly being enriched in pathways of isoflavone, flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, phenylpropanoids, and anthocyanin. Among them, it is anthocyanins that allow the rose flower to turn red when exposed to sunlight. To verify this result, compounds from rose petal with shading treatment (S2D) was also detected but could be clearly separated from the four samples under light by clustering and principal component analyses (PCA). Consistent with low anthocyanins accumulation, the flower with shading could not turn red. Moreover, it provides a foundation for further research on the light-induced color modification of flower.

Download Full-text

Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0603243j ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sladjana Jevremovic ◽

Milana Trifunovic ◽

Marija Nikolic ◽

Angelina Subotic ◽

Ljiljana Radojevic

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Flower Color ◽

Stem Segment ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Color Changes ◽

In Vitro Plants ◽

One Year

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.

Download Full-text

The constant color perception at various illuminations: Could the own cheek and nose permanently occurring on the periphery of observer's visual field provide the visual system with the necessary standard of spectral reflectance?

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/8.17.55 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (17) ◽

pp. 55-55

Author(s):

V. Gavrik

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Visual System ◽

Spectral Reflectance ◽

Color Perception ◽

Constant Color

Download Full-text

PROSES PEMBUNGAAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS Hoya coronaria DARI KAWASAN HUTAN KERANGAS AIR ANYIR, BANGKA

EKOTONIA Jurnal Penelitian Biologi Botani Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi ◽

10.33019/ekotonia.v2i1.464 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

Risti Annisa ◽

Yulian Fakhrurrozi ◽

Sri Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Development Process ◽

Color Change ◽

Flower Color ◽

Color Changes ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Heath Forest ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Color ◽

Flowering Process

Hoya coronaria found in heath forest of Air Anyir, Bangka has diverse colors. Flowers color diversity sometimes correlated varieties or the result of color changes during flowering process. The flowers development process observed from 5 H. coronaria varieties with different color from heath forest of Air Anyir, Bangka.The purpose of this research to know the flowering process and flower color change process some varieties of H. coronaria. This research done from September 2015-January 2016. This study used qualitative method to made detail and systematic description about flowering phase. H.coronaria flowering process consists of flower initation, flower estabilisment and flower development. Flower initation needs 13-15 days, flower estabilisment needs 10-12 days and flower development consists of early blooming process, full blooming and senescene. Early blooming process needs 1-3 days, full blooming needs 5-12 days and senescene needs 1-3 days. During the development process changes from rounded to pentagonal shape and there is a change in size. The observation result showed that 5 varieties are different from one another based on the difference between the colors of the flowers. Variety 1 has yellow corolla without honey line and deep pink corona. Variety 2 has light yellow green corolla with strong pink honey line and moderate red corona. Variety 3 has moderate red corolla with moderate red honey line and moderate red corona. Variety 4 has light yellow green corolla with moderate pink honey line and light yellow green corona. Variety 5 has moderate red without honey line and grayish red corona

Download Full-text