Essential Oils of the Leaf and Stem of Polyalthia viridis Craib and Their Biological Activities

Plants of the genus Polyalthia can be seen as a rich resource of essential oils type terpenoids. In this study, the essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from the leaf and stem of Polyalthia viridis were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry–flame ionization detection. Thirty-nine constituents (95.3%) were identified in the leaf oils and 42 constituents (90.9%) in the stem oils. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the main constituents of both oils, in which 2 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene D (45.1%-47.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.2%-17.1%), were the 2 major compounds. The stem oils inhibited the growth of 3 cancer cell lines, HepG2, MCF7, and A549, with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 56.7 to 68.4 μg/mL. The stem oils also successfully suppressed the growth of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and the yeast Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 50 μg/mL. P viridis oils suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 57.6 to 76.7 μg/mL.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition of Actinodaphne pilosa Essential Oil From Vietnam, Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, and Antimicrobial Activity

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20917792 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X2091779

Author(s):

Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽

Le Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Huy Hung ◽

Tran Minh Hoi ◽

Do Ngoc Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Different Seasons

Leaves of Actinodaphne pilosa were collected at 2 different seasons from the Pù Hoạt Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The leaf samples were hydrodistilled to give essential oils, which were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry and GC-flame ionization detection. The major components in the essential oils were α-pinene, ( Z)-β-ocimene, ( E)-β-ocimene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, and spathulenol. The essential oils were screened for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as well as mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Actinodaphne pilosa leaf essential oils showed broad antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration = 32, 64, 64, 16, and 16 μg/mL against E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, respectively) and excellent larvicidal activity (24-hour 50% lethal concentration = 19.0, 24.7, and 48.1 μg/mL against A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively).

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Pinus patula

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601031 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ismail Amri ◽

Hamrouni Lamia ◽

Samia Gargouri ◽

Mohsen Hanana ◽

Mariem Mahfoudhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pinus Patula ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Total Oil

Essential oils isolated from needles of Pinus patula by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-eight compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the total oil. The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (62.4%), particularly α-pinene (35.2%) and β-phellandrene (19.5%). The in vitro antifungal assay showed that P. patula oil significantly inhibited the growth of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. The oil, when tested on Sinapis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris canariensis and Trifolium campestre, completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all species. Our preliminary results showed that P. patula essential oil could be valorized for the control of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

Download Full-text

In vitro efficacy of essential oils with different concentrations of 1,8-cineole against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120180015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Karina Neoob de Carvalho Castro ◽

Kirley Marques Canuto ◽

Edy de Sousa Brito ◽

Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior ◽

Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Alpinia Zerumbet

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Myrcia multiflora and Eugenia florida Essential Oils

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26237259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (23) ◽

pp. 7259

Author(s):

Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Silvia Helena Marques da Silva ◽

Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽

Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Fungicidal Action ◽

Flame Ionization

The essential oils of three specimens of Myrcia multiflora (A, B and C) and Eugenia florida were extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compositions from the essential oils were identified by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (CG/MS and CG-FID). The fungicide potential of the EOs against five fungicide yeasts was assessed: Candida albicans INCQS-40175, C. tropicalis ATCC 6258, C. famata ATCC 62894, C. krusei ATCC 13803 and C. auris IEC-01. The essential oil of the specimen Myrcia multiflora (A) was characterized by the major compounds: α-bulnesene (26.79%), pogostol (21.27%) and δ-amorphene (6.76%). The essential oil of the specimen M. multiflora (B) was rich in (E)-nerolidol (44.4%), (E)-γ-bisabolene (10.64%) and (E,E)-α-farnesene (8.19%), while (E)-nerolidol (92.21%) was the majority of the specimen M. multiflora (C). The sesquiterpenes seline-3,11-dien-6-α-ol (12.93%), eremoligenol (11%) and γ-elemene (10.70%) characterized the chemical profile of the EOs of E. florida. The fungal species were sensitive to the essential oil of M. multiflora (B) (9–11 mm), and the lowest inhibitory concentration (0.07%) was observed in the essential oil of M. multiflora (A) against the yeasts of C. famata. Fungicidal action was observed in the essential oils of M. multiflora (A) against C. famata, with an MIC of 0.78 µL/mL and 3.12 µL/mL; C. albicans, with an MFC of 50 µL/mL and M. multiflora (C) against C. albicans; and C. krusei, with a MFC of 50 µL/mL.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Sensory Evaluation of the Essential Oils Distilled from the Ecuadorian Species Myrcianthes myrsinoides (Kunth) Grifo and Myrcia mollis (Kunth) DC. (Myrtaceae)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Montalván ◽

Peñafiel ◽

Ramírez ◽

Cumbicus ◽

Bec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Enantiomeric Excess ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Enantiomerically Pure ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Gas Chromatography Olfactometry ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Enantioselective Gas Chromatography

The essential oils of Myrcianthes myrsinoides and Myrcia mollis, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, were obtained by steam distillation. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), enantioselective gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). A total of 58 compounds for Myrcianthes myrsinoides essential oil (EO) and 22 compounds for Myrcia mollis EO were identified and quantified by GC-MS with apolar and polar columns (including undetermined components). Major compounds (>5.0%) were limonene (5.3%–5.2%), 1,8-cineole (10.4%–11.6%), (Z)-caryophyllene (16.6%–16.8%), trans-calamenene (15.9%–14.6%), and spathulenol (6.2%–6.5%). The enantiomeric excess of eight chiral constituents was determined, being (+)-limonene and (+)-germacrene D enantiomerically pure. Eight components were identified as determinant in the aromatic profile: α-pinene, β-pinene, (+)-limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, β-elemene and spathulenol. For M. mollis, the major compounds (>5.0%) were α-pinene (29.2%–27.7%), β-pinene (31.3%–30.0%), myrcene (5.0%–5.2%), 1,8-cineole (8.5%–8.7%), and linalool (7.7%–8.2%). The enantiomeric excess of five chiral constituents was determined, with (S)-α-pinene and (+)-germacrene D enantiomerically pure. The metabolites β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, and (E)-β-caryophyllene were mainly responsible for the aroma of the EO. Finally, the M. myrsinoides essential oil has an inhibitory activity for cholinesterase enzymes (IC50 of 78.6 μg/ml and 18.4 μg/ml vs. acethylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) respectively). This activity is of interest to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

Download Full-text

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia vulgaris L. Cultivated in Brazil

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12020049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sonia Malik ◽

Ludmilla de Mesquita ◽

Carolina Silva ◽

José de Mesquita ◽

Emmeline de Sá Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Artemisia Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D

Essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Compositae) cultivated in Brazil was investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic. The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation were examined by GC-MS and a total of 18 components were identified. The essential oil was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.4%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.3%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (16.6%). Caryophyllene (37.45%), germacrene D (16.17%), and humulene (13.66%) were the major components. The essential oils from A. vulgaris showed bactericidal and fungicidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. Anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus was absent in this essential oil. Altogether above results indicate that essential oils from A. vulgaris can be used for various medicinal purposes.

Download Full-text

2-Undecanone Rich Leaf Essential Oil from Zanthoxylum armatum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600126 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deepa Bisht ◽

Chandan S. Chanotiya

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Aldehydes And Ketones ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Acyclic Ketones ◽

First Time

The leaf essential oils of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) from Kumaon, India, extracted by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major classes of compounds found in the leaf oils were acyclic and menthane monoterpenoids as well as simple alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. The high proportion of non-terpenic acyclic ketones, notably 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, and the low abundance of undec-10-en-1-al and p-phellandren-8-ol make the composition entirely new. Other constituents present in significant amounts were oxygenated monoterpenes, which include 1,8-cineole, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene and germacrene D. On the contrary, the oil distilled from the leaves on the second day of distillation was characterized by a high content of 2-tridecanone (27.1%) and trans-caryophyllene (7.4%), as compared with 3.5% and 4.6%, respectively, for the fresh leaves; a slight decrease in pH of the distillate was also significant. Moreover, the presence of a high 2-undecanone content followed by 2-tridecanone is being reported for the first time for Z. armatum from this region. In terms of molecular diversity, the simple acyclic ketones dominate the essential oils as compared with linalool that was reported in several previous studies on Z. armatum. Therefore, the two acyclic ketones may be utilized to establish the origin and authenticity of the material.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition of the volatile oil of Cardiopetalum calophyllum collected in the Cerrado area

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 937-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo Nogueira Xavier ◽

Cássia Cristina Fernandes Alves ◽

Cristiane de Melo Cazal ◽

Nathalia Horrana Santos

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diverse Species ◽

The Family ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D

ABSTRACT: The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum , collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goiás, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. Twenty three compounds were identified in the essential oil of leaves; the oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (28.78%), was the major compound. Twenty five compounds were identified in the flowers, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (37.03%) and germacrene-B (13.72%). Seventeen compounds were reported in fruits, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (28.19%) and germacrene-B (20.90%), and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (11.53%). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum.

Download Full-text

Chemical Profile and in vitro Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Nectandra puberula and N. cuspidata from the Amazon

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joyce Kelly R. da Silva ◽

Eloísa Helena A. Andrade ◽

Rosa Helena V. Mourão ◽

José Guilherme S. Maia ◽

Noura S. Dosoky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Breast Tumor Cells ◽

Antibacterial Screening ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Mcf 7

Essential oils (EO) from leaves and branches of Nectandra puberula Schott (Nees) and from leaves of N. cuspidata Nees & Mart. were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds identified from N. puberula EO were apiole (22.2%), β-caryophyllene (15.1%), β-pinene (13.3%), germacrene D (8.3%), pogostol (6.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.4%) in the leaves; and apiole (28.1%), pogostol (19.8%) and guaiol (11.2%) in the branches. The EO of N. cuspidata leaves showed β-caryophyllene (26.9%), bicyclogermacrene (16.0%) and spathulenol (5.2%) as the main compounds. The EOs were subjected to antibacterial screening and displayed promising activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 19.5 μg.mL−1). In addition, the EOs were tested for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells and the IC50 values were 64.5 ± 1.6 and 117.1 ± 11.9 μg.mL−1 for the leaf EOs of N. puberula and N. cuspidata, respectively.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Broad-Spectrum Insecticidal Activity of the Flower Essential Oil from an Ancient Sicilian Food Plant, Ridolfia segetum

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 304

Author(s):

Natale Badalamenti ◽

Vincenzo Ilardi ◽

Maurizio Bruno ◽

Roman Pavela ◽

Maria C. Boukouvala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Food Plant ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

The Family ◽

Human Poisoning ◽

Careful Assessment

Several species of the family Apiaceae are aromatic herbs that produce essential oils usable on an industrial scale for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food purposes. In particular, some essential oils, such as green insecticides for example, may replace synthetic insecticides, keeping most of their efficacy and avoiding environmental pollution or human poisoning. In the present study, we explored the insecticidal potential of Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris essential oil (EO) against three different pests: Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Musca domestica L., and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). For this purpose, the EO was obtained by hydrodistillation of flowers and its composition was achieved by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This EO was rich in α-phellandrene (49.3%), β-phellandrene (9.2%), terpinolene (20.7%), and piperitenone oxide (5.9%). Concerning the mosquitocidal efficacy, the EO showed noteworthy toxicity against C. quinquefasciatus 3rd instar larvae, with a LC50 = 27.1 µL L−1 and LC90 = 42.5 µL L−1. Regarding M. domestica, a different toxicity of the R. segetum EO was found on male and female flies, calculating LD50 values of 10.5 and 50.8 µg adult−1, respectively. The EO was also toxic to S. littoralis 3rd instar larvae, achieving LD50 and LD90 values of 37.9 and 99.6 µg larva−1, respectively. Overall, this flower EO, extracted from a traditional Sicilian food plant, merits further investigation for the development of green insecticide formulations to be used in real world conditions, pending a careful assessment of non-target toxicity on beneficial organisms.

Download Full-text