Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Pinus patula

Essential oils isolated from needles of Pinus patula by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-eight compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the total oil. The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (62.4%), particularly α-pinene (35.2%) and β-phellandrene (19.5%). The in vitro antifungal assay showed that P. patula oil significantly inhibited the growth of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. The oil, when tested on Sinapis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris canariensis and Trifolium campestre, completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all species. Our preliminary results showed that P. patula essential oil could be valorized for the control of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

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Potential Application of Prunus armeniaca L. and P. domestica L. Leaf Essential Oils as Antioxidant and of Cholinesterases Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8010002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marco Bonesi ◽

Maria Tenuta ◽

Monica Loizzo ◽

Vincenzo Sicari ◽

Rosa Tundis

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Positive Control ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Comprehensive Comparison

The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrycholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Prunus armeniaca and P. domestica in relation to their composition, analysed by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, at different times. Moreover, considering the role of free radicals in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, the antioxidant properties of essential oils were investigated by using, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching tests. The relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI) was used to achieve more comprehensive comparison between analysed antioxidant effects of essential oils. P. armeniaca oils were more active than P. domestica oils against AChE. Against BChE, the most active was the essential oil from P. domestica leaves collected in August with an IC50 value of 95.80 μg/mL. This oil exerted the highest inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 11.15 and 11.39 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. All samples demonstrated a remarkable ABTS radicals scavenging activity, with IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.57 μg/mL in comparison to the positive control, ascorbic acid.

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In vitro efficacy of essential oils with different concentrations of 1,8-cineole against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120180015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Karina Neoob de Carvalho Castro ◽

Kirley Marques Canuto ◽

Edy de Sousa Brito ◽

Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior ◽

Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Alpinia Zerumbet

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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In Vitro Study of Multi-Therapeutic Properties of Thymus bovei Benth. Essential Oil and Its Main Component for Promoting Their Use in Clinical Practice

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7090283 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sherif Hassan ◽

Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽

Miroslava Šudomová ◽

Milan Malaník ◽

Karel Šmejkal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Antihypertensive Agents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Main Component

Thymus bovei Benth. (TB) is an important plant in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the health-promoting properties of TB essential oil (TB-EO) for its possible use in clinical practice with regards to its cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and antihypertensive (through inhibition of human angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) properties. The phytochemical profile of EO (99.9%) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, all biological methods were performed at the level of in vitro studies. The results showed that TB-EO exerted remarked cytotoxic properties against human cervical carcinoma cells, colon cancer cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.22, 9.30, and 8.62 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with that of standard anticancer drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.24, 5.21, and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively. Fascinatingly, TB-EO showed very weak cytotoxicity on the healthy human fetal lung fibroblast cells with an IC50 value of 118.34 µg/mL compared with that of cisplatin (IC50 = 10.08 µg/mL). TB-EO, its main component geraniol, TB-EO combined with acyclovir (ACV) along with standard ACV, have displayed pronounced inhibitory properties against the replication of HSV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.13, 1.92, 0.81 and 1.94 µg/mL, respectively, with corresponding selectivity indices (SI) 98.59, 109.38, 259.26 and 108.25, respectively. TB-EO and geraniol at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed prominent inhibitory activities against ACE with % of inhibition 95.4% and 92.2%, respectively, compared with that of standard inhibitor captopril (99.8%; 15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed to unveil the mechanism of action of geraniol as well as structural parameters necessary for anti-HSV-2 activity (through the inhibition of HSV-2 protease) and ACE inhibition. This is the first report on the chemical composition of Egyptian TB-EO along with the above-mentioned biological activities. Our results may be considered as novel findings in the course of a search for new and active anticancer, anti-HSV-2 and antihypertensive agents, and expand the medicinal value of this plant and its phytochemicals in clinical practice.

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Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (9-10) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nursenem Karaca ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

Fatih Demirci

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of leaf and fruit essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2016-0033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (11-12) ◽

pp. 483-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gulden Dogan ◽

Nazan Kara ◽

Eyup Bagci ◽

Seher Gur

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Fruit Oil ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and fruit ofEucalyptus camaldulensisgrown in Mersin, Turkey was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The biological activities (antibacterial and antifungal) were examined using the agar well diffusion method. The main leaf oil constituents werep-cymene (42.1%), eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (14.1%), α-pinene (12.7%) and α-terpinol (10.7%). The main constituents of the fruit oil were eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (34.5%),p-cymene (30.0%), α-terpinol (15.1%) and α-pinene (9.0%). Our results showed that both types of oils are rich in terms of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. The leaf and fruit essential oils ofE. camaldulensissignificantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliandStreptococcussp.) bacteria (p<0.05). The oils also showed fungicidal activity againstCandida tropicalisandC. globrata. Leaf essential oils showed more activity than fruit essential oils, probably due to the higher p-cymene concentration in leaves.

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Salvia ceratophylla L. from South of Jordan: new insights on chemical composition and biological activities

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ◽

10.1007/s13659-020-00259-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 307-316

Author(s):

Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish ◽

Célia Cabral ◽

Zulfigar Ali ◽

Mei Wang ◽

Shabana I. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

No Production ◽

Main Constituent ◽

Microbial Infections

Abstract In Jordan, Salvia ceratophylla L. is traditionally used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and urinary disorders. This study aimed: (1) to chemically characterize S. ceratophylla essential oil (EO) from South Jordan, by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS); and (2) to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities of the EO, it’s predominant components, and the hexane (A), ethyl acetate (B), methanol (C) and crude-methanol extracts (D). The analysis revealed that the EO has 71 compounds, with linalool (54.8%) as main constituent. Only the hexane extract (A) showed some cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, LLC-PK1 and VERO cells lines with IC50 between 60 and > 100 µg/mL. The EO inhibited NO production (IC50 90 µg/mL) and NF-κB activity (IC50 38 µg/mL). The extracts A, B, and D inhibited NO production and NF- κB activity with IC50 between 32 and 150 µg/mL. Linalool considerably inhibited NO production (IC50 18 µg/mL). The extracts tested did not exhibit antileishmanial activity. Regarding antitrypanosomal activity, the EO exhibited significant results with IC50 2.65 µg/mL. In conclusion, Jordan S. ceratophylla EO represents a rich source of linalool and bears a promising therapeutic potential for further antitrypanosomal drug development.

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Chemical Composition, Herbicidal and Antifungal Activity of Satureja cuneifolia Essential Oils from Spain

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100636 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Garcia-Rellán ◽

Mercedes Verdeguer ◽

Adele Salamone ◽

Maria Amparo Blázquez ◽

Herminio Boira

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Amaranthus Hybridus ◽

Verticillium Dahlia ◽

Total Oil

The chemical composition of essential oils from Satureja cuneifolia growing in east Spain was analyzed by GC, GC/MS. Forty-five compounds accounting for 99.1% of the total oil were identified. Camphor (47.6%), followed by camphene (13.6%) were the main compounds. Their herbicidal and antifungal activity was tested in vitro against three weeds (Amaranthus hybridus, Portulaca oleracea and Conyza canadensis) and eleven common pathogenic or saprophytic fungi (Phytophthora citrophthora, P. palmivora, Pythium litorale, Verticillium dahlia, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium hirsutum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaemoniella chlamydospora, Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum). The essential oil was very active against A. hybridus and C. canadensis significantly inhibiting their germination and seedling growth. Minor activity was shown against P. oleracea, depending on the concentration applied. P. palmivora, P. citrophthora and Pa. chlamydospora were the most sensitive fungi to the treatment with the essential oil, whereas R. solani showed no inhibition. Results showed that S. cuneifolia essential oil could be used for biocontrol of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

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Essential Oil Composition of Two Sphagnum Species Grown in Portugal and their In Vitro Culture Establishment

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200839 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manuela Sim-Sim ◽

Margarida Abreu ◽

César Garcia ◽

Cecília Sérgio ◽

A. Cristina Figueiredo

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Moss Species

Two peat moss species, frequent both in the mainland Portugal and in the Azores archipelago, were evaluated for essential oil composition and establishment under in vitro culture. Sphagnum auriculatum and Sphagnum subnitens essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of S. auriculatum was dominated by an as yet unidentified sesquiterpene, whereas zierene was the main component of S. subnitens essential oil. The in vitro cultures were successfully established for future studies of their chemical profile. The components present in essential oils obtained from S. auriculatum and S. subnitens together with morphological traits could be used to support the taxonomy of this plant group.

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Essential Oils as Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: A Review

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9030365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Robin Raveau ◽

Joël Fontaine ◽

Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Present Review ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Wide Range

Naturally produced by aromatic plants, essential oils (EO) contain a wide range of volatile molecules, including mostly secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities. Essential oils properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are known for a long time and hence widely used in traditional medicines, cosmetics and food industries. However, despite their effects against many phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria as well as weeds, their use in agriculture remains surprisingly scarce. The purpose of the present review is to gather and discuss up-to-date biological activities of EO against weeds, plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, reported in the scientific literature. Innovative methods, potentially valuable to improve the efficiency and reliability of EO, have been investigated. In particular, their use towards a more sustainable agriculture has been discussed, aiming at encouraging the use of alternative products to substitute synthetic pesticides to control weeds and plant diseases, without significantly affecting crop yields. An overview of the market and the recent advances on the regulation of these products as well as future challenges to promote their development and wider use in disease management programs is described. Because of several recent reviews on EO insecticidal properties, this topic is not covered in the present review.

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