scholarly journals When Do Media Matter Most? A Study on the Relationship between Negative Economic News and Consumer Confidence across the Twenty-Eight EU States

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Jonkman ◽  
Mark Boukes ◽  
Rens Vliegenthart
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
National Account ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides a longitudinal, cross-national account of the relationship between negative news coverage and consumer confidence across all twenty-eight European Union (EU) member states for the period 2005–2017. We rely on an extensive data set of international news agency coverage and a range of economic indicators retrieved from Eurostat. Employing fixed-effects pooled time series and multilevel models, we demonstrate that negative news coverage is negatively associated with consumer confidence, generally. Confirming our hypotheses grounded in media system dependency theory, more specifically, this association was stronger for the sociotropic attribute of consumer confidence than its egocentric attribute. Moreover, the association weakened under circumstances where unemployment was rising as well as in those countries that faced the most severe consequences of the financial crisis. Altogether, news coverage matters especially when people are affected less directly by the consequences of economic downturn.

scholarly journals Economic Crisis in Europe: Panel Analysis of Inflation, Unemployment and Gross Domestic Product Growth Rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Rouksar-Dussoyea ◽  
Ho Ming-Kang ◽  
Raja Rajeswari ◽  
Benjamin Chan Yin-Fah
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

This panel analysis study is conducted to examine the relationship between inflation rates (CPI) and unemployment rates (HUR) with the Gross Domestic Product growth rates (GDP), before and after the 2008 European crisis. Quarterly data for 18 consecutive years and six sample countries from Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary and United Kingdom) have been considered in the panel. In order to get a more profound understanding of the impacts of the European crisis on the relationship between the variables, the panel data set has been classified into 3 separate panels, such that Panel 1 (1999Q1-2007Q4) represents before-crisis panel, Panel 2 (2008Q1-2016Q4) represents the during/after crisis panel and lastly, Panel 3 (1999Q1-2016Q4) represents the long-run panel. Panel 1 is subject to the Fixed Effects with LSDV model, whereby four out of the six countries are significant, and CPI and HUR are insignificant predictors of the GDP. Both Panel 2 and Panel 3 are subject to the Two-way Random Effects model, whereby both CPI and HUR have negative significant effect on GDP. Granger Causality test has also been carried out to determine whether causality is present among variables, based on each panel.

scholarly journals The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362
Author(s):  
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen ◽  
Asger Andersen ◽  
Kelton Minor ◽  
David Dreyer Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we monitored 470 university students’ smartphone usage continuously over 2 years to assess the relationship between in-class smartphone use and academic performance. We used a novel data set in which smartphone use and grades were recorded across multiple courses, allowing us to examine this relationship at the student level and the student-in-course level. In accordance with the existing literature, our results showed that students’ in-class smartphone use was negatively associated with their grades, even when we controlled for a broad range of observed student characteristics. However, the magnitude of the association decreased substantially in a fixed-effects model, which leveraged the panel structure of the data to control for all stable student and course characteristics, including those not observed by researchers. This suggests that the size of the effect of smartphone usage on academic performance has been overestimated in studies that controlled for only observed student characteristics.

scholarly journals WOMEN FEEL MORE PESSIMISTIC THAN MEN: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH CONSUMER CONFIDENCE INDEX

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashi Küçükaslan ◽  
Sadullah Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The leading role that is attributable to economic indicators like consumer confidence has been well documented in the literature for many developed nations. Moreover, the relationship between high frequency financial market data has been a common research topic for world economies. However, there is hardly any study that attempts to search for the possible functional relationship between consumer confidence and financial market variables. This paper is a simple attempt to link these two brands of literature by focusing on the relationship between financial market variables and consumer confidence index before the global crisis has started. We have two distinctive points. First, we derive separate consumer confidence indices for men and women by employing micro‐level consumer confidence data from an emerging market (Turkish CNBC‐e consumer confidence index) for the period of January 2003 ‐ January 2008. Second, employing this data set, we do not only check for the existence of a relationship between consumer confidence and financial market variables (such as interest rates, exchange rates and stock exchange index) but also focus on the possibility of gender response. We find evidence of gender response difference as throughout the period women are more pessimistic than men‐due probably to lower levels of wealth‐and respond less to changes in exchange rates than men‐due probably to lower purchasing power. Santrauka Ekonominiu rodikliu kaip pirkejo pasitikejimo vaidmens svarba yra išsamiai pagrista daugelio išsivys‐čiusiu šaliu literatūroje. Be to, ryšys tarp aukšto finansu. rinkos svyravimo duomenu yra dažna tyrimu tema daugelyje pasaulio šaliu. Tačiau vargu ar galima būtu rasti tyrimu, kuriuose būtu bandoma surasti funkcini ryši tarp pirkejo pasitikejimo ir finansu. rinku rodikliu. Šis straipsnis ‐ tai meginimas susieti šias dvi rūšis, orientuojantis i ryši tarp finansu. rinku rodikliu ir pirkejo pasitikejimo indekso prieš prasi‐dedant pasaulinei krizei. Šiame straipsnyje pabrežti du išskirtiniai bruožai. Pirma, nustatomi atskiri mo‐teru ir vyru pasitikejimo indeksai naudojantis 2003 m. sausio men. ‐ 2008 m. sausio men. laikotarpio augančiu rinku mikrolygmens pirkejo pasitikejimo duomenimis (Turku CNBC‐e pirkejo pasitikejimo indeksas). Antra, naudojantis šia informacija tikrinamas ne tik esamas ryšys tarp pirkejo pasitikejimo ir finansu. rinku rodikliu (pavyzdžiui, palūkanu normos, valiutu kurso, akciju biržos indekso). Buvo rasta akivaizdžiu skirtumu tarp atsakymu, gautu iš skirtingu lyčiu atstovu. Visa laikotarpi moterys buvo pesi‐mistiškesnes nei vyrai, tikriausiai del žemo geroves lygio. Jos mažiau reagavo i valiutu kurso pokyčius nei vyrai del mažesnes perkamosios galios.

Whose Lives Matter? Race, Space, and the Devaluation of Homicide Victims in Minority Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 233264922094818
Author(s):  
Kailey White ◽  
Forrest Stuart ◽  
Shannon L. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Color Blind Racism ◽  
Color Blind

The recurring, horrific deaths of minority residents at the hands of police officers and vigilantes have led social movements and international protests to amplify the charge that whereas the loss of White lives is seen as tragic, the loss of Black and Hispanic lives is treated as normal, acceptable, and even inevitable. Building on and advancing theories of “color-blind racism,” the authors examine the process by which the news media uphold and reify the devaluation of Black and Hispanic lives through ostensibly race-neutral language, story lines, and cultural narratives. Drawing on an original data set containing all news articles ( n = 2,245) written about every homicide victim ( n = 762) in Chicago, Illinois, during 2016, the authors use multilevel models to assess the extent to which victims’ race and neighborhood racial composition are associated with the level of attention, or “newsworthiness,” devoted to their deaths. Using two measures of newsworthiness—the amount of coverage and recognition of “complex personhood”—the authors find that victims killed in predominantly Black neighborhoods receive less news coverage than those killed in non-Hispanic White neighborhoods. Those killed in predominantly Black or Hispanic neighborhoods are also less likely to be discussed as multifaceted, complex people. Our analyses underscore the importance of place, especially the racialization of place, in determining which victims are treated as newsworthy. These findings carry important implications for understanding and addressing color-blind racism, news-reporting practices, and territorial stigma in the reproduction of racist ideologies.

scholarly journals Estimating the Returns to Schooling: A Comparison of Fixed Effects and Selection Effects Models for Twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
A. Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Return To Schooling ◽  
The Relationship

Strong empirical links exist between the number of years spent schooling and earnings. How­ever, the relationship may be masked due to the effect of unobserved factors that influence both wages and schooling. Two of the main econometric models, namely fixed-effects and se­lection-effects, used to analyse returns to schooling were compared using monozygotic and di­zygotic twins’ datasets in Ghana. The efficiency of the models was assessed based on the stan­dard errors associated with the return to schooling estimates. Goodness of fit measures was used as a basis for comparison of the performance of the two models. The results revealed that based on their standard errors, the regression estimates from the selection effects model (MZ = 0.1014±0.0197; DZ = 0.0947±0.0095) were more efficient than the regression estimates from the fixed-effects model (MZ = 0.1115±0.0353; DZ = 0.082±0.0127). However, the AICc values of the fixed effects model (MZAICc = 57.8 and DZAICc = 105.4) were smaller than the AICc values of the selection effects model (MZAICc = 151.6 and DZAICc = 221.6). Findings from the study indicate that, although both models produced consistent estimates of the economic returns to schooling, the fixed effects model provided a better fit to the twins’ data set.

scholarly journals WOMEN FEEL MORE PESSIMISTIC THAN MEN: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH CONSUMER CONFIDENCE INDEX

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-171
Author(s):  
Ashi Küçükaslan ◽  
Sadullah Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The leading role that is attributable to economic indicators like consumer confidence has been well documented in the literature for many developed nations. Moreover, the relationship between high frequency financial market data has been a common research topic for world economies. However, there is hardly any study that attempts to search for the possible functional relationship between consumer confidence and financial market variables. This paper is a simple attempt to link these two brands of literature by focusing on the relationship between financial market variables and consumer confidence index before the global crisis has started. We have two distinctive points. First, we derive separate consumer confidence indices for men and women by employing micro‐level consumer confidence data from an emerging market (Turkish CNBC‐e consumer confidence index) for the period of January 2003 ‐ January 2008. Second, employing this data set, we do not only check for the existence of a relationship between consumer confidence and financial market variables (such as interest rates, exchange rates and stock exchange index) but also focus on the possibility of gender response. We find evidence of gender response difference as throughout the period women are more pessimistic than men‐due probably to lower levels of wealth‐and respond less to changes in exchange rates than men‐due probably to lower purchasing power. Santrauka Ekonominiu rodikliu kaip pirkejo pasitikejimo vaidmens svarba yra išsamiai pagrista daugelio išsivys‐čiusiu šaliu literatūroje. Be to, ryšys tarp aukšto finansu. rinkos svyravimo duomenu yra dažna tyrimu tema daugelyje pasaulio šaliu. Tačiau vargu ar galima būtu rasti tyrimu, kuriuose būtu bandoma surasti funkcini ryši tarp pirkejo pasitikejimo ir finansu. rinku rodikliu. Šis straipsnis ‐ tai meginimas susieti šias dvi rūšis, orientuojantis i ryši tarp finansu. rinku rodikliu ir pirkejo pasitikejimo indekso prieš prasi‐dedant pasaulinei krizei. Šiame straipsnyje pabrežti du išskirtiniai bruožai. Pirma, nustatomi atskiri mo‐teru ir vyru pasitikejimo indeksai naudojantis 2003 m. sausio men. ‐ 2008 m. sausio men. laikotarpio augančiu rinku mikrolygmens pirkejo pasitikejimo duomenimis (Turku CNBC‐e pirkejo pasitikejimo indeksas). Antra, naudojantis šia informacija tikrinamas ne tik esamas ryšys tarp pirkejo pasitikejimo ir finansu. rinku rodikliu (pavyzdžiui, palūkanu normos, valiutu kurso, akciju biržos indekso). Buvo rasta akivaizdžiu skirtumu tarp atsakymu, gautu iš skirtingu lyčiu atstovu. Visa laikotarpi moterys buvo pesi‐mistiškesnes nei vyrai, tikriausiai del žemo geroves lygio. Jos mažiau reagavo i valiutu kurso pokyčius nei vyrai del mažesnes perkamosios galios.

Above-Average Debt Ratio and the Relationship with Return on Equity: The Case of the Vietnamese Listed Seafood Enterprises

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Mai Phan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Many studies have presented the relationship between the leverage of firms and return on equity (ROE) in order to analyze how significant leverage has influence on the ROE of enterprises. Exploring the data set from financial statements and annual reports of the Vietnamese listed seafood enterprises from 2009 to 2013, the paper aims to examine the determinants of these firms having a greater debt ratio than the average of the industry. In addition, the relationship between ROE and a firm’s leverage is analyzed by applying a fixed-effects regression. It can be found that firms having an above-average debt ratio have a lower ROE than their counterparts by 50.94%.

Does Endogeneity in Causal Relationships Matter: A Case of Board Independence and Firm’s Market Valuation

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivan Sarpal
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Outside Directors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Relationship

The credibility and rectitude of monitoring effectiveness of non-executive (outside) directors has been highly discussed in the past academia. In this light, the present research involves the testing of endogeneity in the relationship between board independence and firm performance as proxied by firm market valuation. It has utilized the multimethodological approach on the data set of top corporates listed in Indian context. Notably, the application of pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) (static as well as dynamic), fixed effects regression, and system generalized method of moments (GMM) approach under dynamic modeling methodologies has demonstrated varying effects, which in turn, too provide manifestation of the predilection for dynamic system GMM, dynamic pooled OLS, and fixed effects over static pooled OLS. Findings of the research have ultimately concluded insignificant relationship between board independence and firm value. This effect remained robust even after controlling for the effect of board size. The implications of the insignificant board independence–firm value relationship have also been discussed and, thereby, offer useful directions to the regulators and policymakers.

scholarly journals Does pericentral mu-rhythm “power” corticomotor excitability? – a matter of EEG perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Ninija Karabanov ◽  
Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen ◽  
Lærke Gebser Krohne ◽  
Hartwig Roman Siebner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Corticomotor Excitability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundElectroencephalography (EEG) and single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) of the primary motor hand area (M1-HAND) have been combined to explore whether the instantaneous expression of pericentral mu-rhythm drives fluctuations in corticomotor excitability, but this line of research has yielded diverging results.ObjectivesTo re-assess the relationship between the mu-rhythm power expressed in left pericentral cortex and the amplitude of motor potentials (MEP) evoked with spTMS in left M1-HAND.Methods15 non-preselected healthy young participants received spTMS to the motor hot spot of left M1-HAND. Regional expression of mu-rhythm was estimated online based on a radial source at motor hotspot and informed the timing of spTMS which was applied either during epochs belonging to the highest or lowest quartile of regionally expressed mu-power. Using MEP amplitude as dependent variable, we computed a linear mixed-effects model, which included mu-power and mu-phase at the time of stimulation and the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) as fixed effects and subject as a random effect. Mu-phase was estimated by post-hoc sorting of trials into four discrete phase bins. We performed a follow-up analysis on the same EEG-triggered MEP data set in which we isolated mu-power at the sensor level using a Laplacian montage centered on the electrode above the M1-HAND.ResultsPericentral mu-power traced as radial source at motor hot spot did not significantly modulate the MEP, but mu-power determined by the surface Laplacian did, showing a positive relation between mu-power and MEP amplitude. In neither case, there was an effect of mu-phase on MEP amplitude.ConclusionThe relationship between cortical oscillatory activity and cortical excitability is complex and minor differences in the methodological choices may critically affect sensitivity.

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