Literature Review on the Factors Affecting Teaching Effectiveness of Undergraduate Engineering Programmes

A great deal has been written, over the past three decades, on what constitutes effective teaching in higher education. Teaching effectiveness has been a key concern for universities since it pertains to the achievements of skills required for the competitive job market. The current practice of teaching the engineering fundamental non-culminating courses in undergraduate engineering programmes is through traditional teaching methods. This literature review aims to identify the factors that influence teaching effectiveness of undergraduate engineering programmes. The literature reviewed indicates that researchers have identified lecturers’ ability, course characteristics and teaching methods & material as pertinent measurements of Teaching Effectiveness.

Tuberculosis otitis media: problem relevance

Aim: currently clarification of the course characteristics, diagnosis and treatment principles of tuberculosis otitis media. Materials and methods: The study included 6 cases (8 ears) of tuberculosis otitis media and mastoid process from 2015 to 2020. Clinical, radiological, bacteriological, pathomorphological studies were used for diagnostics. Results: Primary localization of tuberculosis in the middle ear was found in 2 patients. In 4 patients tuberculosis middle otitis associated with lung affection. The disease manifested in the form of purulent perforated otitis media with a polymorphic otoscopic picture in all examined patients. The terms of the diagnosis were from 6 months to 1.5 years since the onset of the disease. This indicates the complexity of diagnosing the tuberculous etiology of the middle ear disease.

Time course chromatic adaptation under highly saturated illuminants

The goal of this study was to investigate the time course characteristics of chromatic adaptation under highly saturated illuminants. A psychophysical experiment with neutral matching method was conducted on a mobile display at different luminance levels. Models of chromatic adaptation degree against duration of time were fitted using a proportional rate growth function. The upper limit and growth rate of adaptation degree were studied. It was found that higher adapting luminance and lower display luminance led to higher degree and faster speed of chromatic adaptation. This study also proposed the time to achieve stable chromatic adaptation.

A Multivariate Two-Level Analysis of Higher-Education Course Characteristics Relating to Academic Procrastination

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon in higher education. Recently, aspects of the higher education context targeting self-regulation, social characteristics and task characteristics have been theoretically linked to procrastination. However, only a few and mostly univariate studies on university course characteristics and their relations to procrastination exist. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to integrate several course characteristics, examine in which way they relate to procrastination, and determine if these relations are observable above and beyond individual motivation. We conducted a multivariate two-level study with a sample of 90 courses with 1,809 students from different faculties and semesters. Based on previous conceptualizations and findings, we included twelve course characteristics that potentially affect procrastination. Results imply that academic procrastination is associated with several course characteristics to a considerable degree, especially with the degree in which the course context satisfies basic needs as well as with the clarity and difficulty of assignments.

Influencing Factors of Learning Experience in Online Large-Class Teaching ——Semantic Analysis Based on Students’ Classroom Feedback Language Materials

As the learners' perception and reaction in multiple aspects during the course learning, learning experience is of great importance for the study of educational evaluation and the optimization of teacher teaching and teaching management. According to the text semantic analysis and questionnaire survey on students' learning feedback in online large classes,the NLPIR-Parser big-data semantic intelligent analysis platform is used in this paper to carry on keywords extraction and analysis, text sentiment analysis, text clustering and abstract extraction after the processing of original corpus, and then SPSS22.0 software is used to conduct Pearson correlation analysis on the score of text sentiment and the statistical data of questionnaire survey.The results show that the results of text semantic analysis and questionnaire survey have the consistency in positive learning experience; students' negative emotional experience has a significantly reverse correlation with learning effect score; teacher teaching, student learning,course characteristics and learning environment are proved to be the main influencing factors of students' learning experience, in which, teacher teaching plays a leading role. Then, the specific thinking of improving students' learning experience is put forward on the basis of research results.

Insights into academic feasibility at the KIT: a mixed-methods exploration of the department of mechanical engineering

As part of their accreditation procedure, universities have to ensure academic feasibility of their study courses. Against that backdrop, student’s workload and study conditions are focused as indicators of quality. However, this prioritization of formal criteria is defined by the module handbooks rather than by the students themselves. Therefore, a mixed-methods-analysis at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) was conducted to shed light on these issues: How can individual expectations and requirements of students towards the academic learning settings be incorporated into quality assessment? Which opportunities of individual development for students exist in the academic setting and do they differ with regard to different departments at the KIT? The data of surveys completed by 324 students of the department of mechanical engineering and 242 students of the department of economics and management at the KIT are the basis of our analysis. The empirical analysis via chi-square-test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test indicates significant distinctions between students of both departments at the KIT concerning their experiences with research and inquiry and their motives for enrolling to university courses. Further analyses via interviews are planned to reveal the complex chains of reasons for this research results such as considerations of course characteristics and cultural condition.

Visual and Verbal Engagement of Higher Education Students in Videoconferencing

Given that videoconferencing serves as a crucial means for remote teaching, the current study investigated higher education students’ (non)use of webcams and engagement in synchronous online courses. Three phases were studied: (1) A state of engagement; (2) antecedents that influence it; and (3) consequences of engagement. In particular, the aim of the study was to describe the status quo of students’ situation-specific engagement and to analyze potential factors contributing to it, namely, course characteristics, behavior of others, and individuals’ perceptions. Furthermore, the extent to which verbal and visual engagement influence each other was investigated. The cross-sectional online survey encompassed 4,143 students from all fields of studies of a comprehensive university. Results indicated that visual and verbal engagement were only slightly related to each other. Structural equation modelling revealed different direct and indirect influences on either visual or verbal engagement in synchronous online higher education courses. Due to the novelty of the research scope, results of this study provide a foundation for further investigation.

Basic Life Support Knowledge among Compulsory Education Students in Thailand

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is pivotal for the survival of patients in cardiac arrest outside the hospital. Knowledge about BLS in compulsory schools’ students practically reflects the curriculum in teaching BLS. Objective: To investigate the level of basic knowledge on BLS among pre-university students as well as to determine the characteristics of prior BLS training received. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was done in pre-university students attending the University orientation in 2017. An online-access questionnaire was distributed. One thousand fifty-one questionnaires were completed. Results: Most respondents had previous BLS training (90%), with 67% receiving BLS training in their basic core curricular education. A mean BLS knowledge score of 6.4 from 14 was revealed. Less than half (46.1%) passed the minimal passing level (MPL). Among BLS course characteristics, only one type of extracurricular training, One District One Doctor camp (ODOD), showed an association with passing the MPL of BLS assessments (odds ratio of pass MPL 10.06; 95% CI 1.18 to 85.53, p=0.035). Conclusion: Although most of the students had previous BLS training as a part of their basic core curricular education, it did not affect their success in passing the BLS assessments. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Public health, Nonprofessional education

Mapping of medical schools: the distribution of undergraduate courses and annual vacancies in Brazilian cities in 2020

Introduction: The number of medical schools in Brazil, as well as the number of vacancies offered at these schools, has grown considerably in the last few years. Since 2013, this increasehas aimedat reaching especially the rural and underserved areas of the country. Objective: Considering that there are many different interests concerning this debate and that this reality directly influences the education and health policies of the country, the aim of this study was to evaluate the number and the distribution of the medical courses,as well as vacancies in these schools in 2020, presenting an updated overview of the Brazilian medical schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, based on data gathered from the Brazilian Ministry ofEducation and Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) website. The utilized variables were the number of courses, number of vacancies offered in each course, characteristics of the cities where the medical schools are located, such as population size, Human Development Index (HDI) and distance to the capital city of each state. Results: Among the institutions that have already initiated their activities, there are 328 active courses, offering 35.480 vacancies for Medical School applicants. There is a difference when analyzing public or private institutions and paid or tuition-free institutions. There is a greater offer of paid courses (74,1%) and of courses located in the countryside (69,8%). Among the courses in the countryside, 27,8% of the vacancies are offered within 100 km of the capital city. Only 7,9% of the annual vacancies are offered in cities with a medium HDI, and the remainder are offered in cities with high or very high HDI. The increase in HDI is related to the higher proportion of private courses offering medical vacancies. It was observed that there is no correspondence between the absolute number of vacancies and the population of the North region, differentfrom what occurs in the other regions of the country. Conclusions: Medical training is under many influences, such as economic and political trends. This discussion needs to consider the regionalization and democratization of access. It was observed that public institutions tend to be located in municipalities that are farther away from the capitals. Even though there is now greater homogeneity between the regions, the Southeast still concentrates almost half of the vacancies in medical courses. Also, the increase in the number of vacancies in private courses brings up the reflection about the socioeconomic profile of medical students who have the opportunity to gain access to this level of education.