scholarly journals Injuries Sustained by the Mixed Martial Arts Athlete

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jensen ◽  
Robert C. Maciel ◽  
Frank A. Petrigliano ◽  
John P. Rodriguez ◽  
Adam G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Joint Injuries

Context: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is rapidly growing in popularity in the United States and abroad. This combat sport joins athletes from a wide variety of martial art disciplines, each with characteristic and distinguishing injury profiles, together in competition. Because of increasing participation by professionals and amateurs alike, injuries sustained by MMA athletes have been on the rise. Evidence Acquisition: A review of relevant publications using the search term mixed martial arts and each of its component combat sports (eg, Muay Thai, Brazilian jiu-jitsu) from 1980 through 2015 was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: The majority of studies on MMA injuries evaluate those sustained during competition, which range in incidence from 22.9 to 28.6 per 100 fight-participations. Striking-predominant disciplines such as boxing, karate, and Muay Thai have high rates of head and facial injuries, whereas submission-predominant disciplines such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, and wrestling have high rates of joint injuries. Conclusion: Numerous studies have evaluated injuries in athletes who participate in MMA and its component disciplines during competition but much remains to be discovered about injuries sustained during training and in specific patient populations such as adolescents and women.

scholarly journals Acute Caffeine Ingestion did not Enhance Punch Performance in Professional Mixed-Martial Arts Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur de Azevedo ◽  
Mauro Guerra ◽  
Leonardo Caldas ◽  
Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Punch Force

Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport where competitors utilize strikes (punches, kicks, knees, and elbows) and submission techniques to defeat opponents in a cage or ring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on punching performance by professional MMA athletes. The study used a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Eleven professional MMA competitors (27.6 ± 4.3 years and 83.5 ± 7.8 kg of body weight) ingested a dose of caffeine (5 mg·kg−1) or placebo 60 min prior to three sets of punching. Each set consisted of 15 s, at which participants were asked to perform straight punches with maximum strength and frequency with his dominant arm. After each set, a 45 s recovery time was applied. Using a force transducer attached to a cushioned plate, the punch frequency, and mean and maximal punch force was measured. The readiness to invest in both physical (RTIPE) and mental (RTIME) effort was assessed prior to the protocol, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after. Caffeine ingestion did not result in increased punching frequency, mean and maximum punch force, RTIPE, RTIME, and RPE when compared to the placebo condition. Based on these results, acute caffeine ingestion did not improve punching performance in professional MMA athletes.

scholarly journals Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts Varies According to Sex and Weight Class

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Follmer ◽  
Rodolfo Andre Dellagrana ◽  
E. Paul Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level 3

Background: Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories. Hypothesis: The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories. Results: The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class. Conclusion: Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA. Clinical Relevance: The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.

scholarly journals El Dojang: escuela de disciplina y moralidad

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Ariel Millán
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport Activities

Martial arts can be defined as history in motion. Few sport activities of international fame represent a complex symbolic and practical repertory of ethic morality and aesthetic sensuality so distinctive of a nation as the Korean martial disciplines do, especially taekwondo and gumdo. Similar to other combat sports the martial arts gym (<em>dojang</em>) is the place where values are produced and reproduced and where the appropriation of skills, cognition and recognition – degrees, certificates, and so on – that legitimates the social and bodily devotion of an individual to a martial art takes place. This article aims to transmit the emotions generated in a neophyte by the practice of a martial art and the social and kinaesthetic strains that result from this action in modern Korean society. It also explores some of the historical factors linked to its development and rapid expansion, in barely half a century.

Injury Patterns of Mixed Martial Arts Athletes in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Ross ◽  
G.J. Tudor ◽  
J.W. Hafner ◽  
B.I. Yahuaca ◽  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Patterns

Aggression in the Polish elitecombat sports’ athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Anna Barczak ◽  
Monika Guszkowska ◽  
Jakub G. Adamczyk ◽  
Ireneusz Sołtyszewski ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
High Level

Sport’s aggression is widely discussed, but combat arts are traditionally considered as sports promoting emotional control. The aims of this research were to determine the diff erences in competitive and general aggression between martial arts’ athletes and controls and the relationships between aggression and athletes’ age, sports experience, level of sportsachievement and the type of combat sports (predictable attacking and unpredictable attacking). Obtained results revealed signifi cant higher levels only in the total aggression in athletes, with physical aggression (PA)in particular. The combat sports training was an independent predictor of a higher level of PA and the more titled athletes, the less aggressive they were. A high level of competitive aggression was determined by the unpredictable attacking combat sport.

Women’s Experiences in the Mixed Martial Arts: A Quest for Excitement?

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mierzwinski ◽  
Philippa Velija ◽  
Dominic Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Sociological Approach

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), like the majority of relatively violent sports, has mainly been organized around the capabilities of the male body. However various indices suggest that women’s engagement with MMA is growing. The purpose of this paper is to offer an analysis of women’s involvement in MMA using a figurational sociological approach. In doing so, we draw on interview data with “elite” female mixed martial artists to explore the extent to which females within MMA experience a specifically gendered “quest for excitement.” The paper further illustrates how the notion of “civilized bodies” can be used to interpret the distinctly gendered experiences of shame in relation to fighting in combat sports, the physical markings incurred as a consequence, and perceptions of sexual intimacy in the close physical contact of bodies. In so doing this paper provides the first figurationally-informed study of female sport involvement to focus explicitly on the role of violence in mediating social relations, while refining aspects of the figurational sociological approach to provide a more adequate framework for the analysis of gender relations.

scholarly journals Indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Y. Tropin ◽  
M. Latyshev ◽  
A. Pylypet`s ◽  
V. Ponomaryov
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Female Fighters ◽  
Competitive Activities

Purpose: to establish indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA with TOP-10 regardless of weight. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practices; analysis of protocols and videos of competitive activities of women fighters in the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data of the performances of the strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA are taken from the UFC website. Results: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of best practices allowed to establish that the popularity of mixed martial arts MMA in the world and the sharp increase in competition among fighters require timely study of competitive activities of leading athletes to make changes in training and preparation for competitions. The analysis of the rating of the TOP-10 best women fighters regardless of weight showed that it includes four athletes of the lightest and minimum weight category and two women fighters of the lightest weight category. The TOP-10 strongest female mixed martial arts MMA fighters, regardless of weight, include four representatives of the United States, two athletes from Brazil and one fighter from Kyrgyzstan, China, Poland and the Netherlands. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the competitive activity of the TOP-10 strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA, regardless of weight, showed that the fighters strike more blows per minute (from 2,80 to 6,55) than they miss (from 2,12 to 5,28). The largest number of blows is carried out in the rack (from 48 % to 85 % of the total number of blows), then in the clinch (from 4 % to 43 %) and in the ground (from 1 % to 40 %). Most blows occur in the head (from 41 % to 82 %), then on the body (from 13 % to 38 %) and on the legs (from 3 % to 33 %). The strongest female fighters defend against downdowns more effectively (from 63 % to 100 %) than from blows (from 47 % to 67 %). Attempts to take takedowns in 15 minutes more (from 0,50 to 3,21) than the implementation of submission in 15 minutes (from 0,08 to 1,71). Keywords: mixed martial arts MMA, competitive activity, the strongest female fighters.

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