scholarly journals Indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Y. Tropin ◽  
M. Latyshev ◽  
A. Pylypet`s ◽  
V. Ponomaryov
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Female Fighters ◽  
Competitive Activities

Purpose: to establish indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA with TOP-10 regardless of weight. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practices; analysis of protocols and videos of competitive activities of women fighters in the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data of the performances of the strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA are taken from the UFC website. Results: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of best practices allowed to establish that the popularity of mixed martial arts MMA in the world and the sharp increase in competition among fighters require timely study of competitive activities of leading athletes to make changes in training and preparation for competitions. The analysis of the rating of the TOP-10 best women fighters regardless of weight showed that it includes four athletes of the lightest and minimum weight category and two women fighters of the lightest weight category. The TOP-10 strongest female mixed martial arts MMA fighters, regardless of weight, include four representatives of the United States, two athletes from Brazil and one fighter from Kyrgyzstan, China, Poland and the Netherlands. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the competitive activity of the TOP-10 strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA, regardless of weight, showed that the fighters strike more blows per minute (from 2,80 to 6,55) than they miss (from 2,12 to 5,28). The largest number of blows is carried out in the rack (from 48 % to 85 % of the total number of blows), then in the clinch (from 4 % to 43 %) and in the ground (from 1 % to 40 %). Most blows occur in the head (from 41 % to 82 %), then on the body (from 13 % to 38 %) and on the legs (from 3 % to 33 %). The strongest female fighters defend against downdowns more effectively (from 63 % to 100 %) than from blows (from 47 % to 67 %). Attempts to take takedowns in 15 minutes more (from 0,50 to 3,21) than the implementation of submission in 15 minutes (from 0,08 to 1,71). Keywords: mixed martial arts MMA, competitive activity, the strongest female fighters.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of indicators of competitive activity of the strongest male and female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Y. Tropin ◽  
Y. Myroshnychenho ◽  
I. Holovach ◽  
I. Chornii ◽  
M. Latyshev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Female Fighters

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of men and women of mixed martial arts MMA from the TOP-10, regardless of weight. Material and methods. The research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practical experience; analysis of protocols and videos of the competitive activity of men and women fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The performance output of the strongest male and female MMA fighters is taken from the UFC website. Results: the analysis of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that the average age of women is 32,7±3,74 years, and of men – 33,2±2,75 years. The average fight time for women is 16,25±3,43 minutes, and for men – 12,76±3,05 minutes. The TOP-10 strongest female fighters, regardless of weight, include representatives of six countries (four fighters from the United States, two representatives from Brazil and one athlete each from Kyrgyzstan, China, and the Netherlands), and the TOP-10 strongest male fighters regardless of weight also includes representatives of six countries (four fighters from the USA, two representatives from Russia and one athlete each from France, Nigeria, Brazil, Australia). It was found that male fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, during their sports careers won 204 fights and lost 17 fights. For female fighters, these results are worse – 151 wins and 35 losses. Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that fighters of women and men deliver the same number of punches per minute (4,52 punches), and women fighters miss more punches (3,36 punches) than male fighters (2,60 strokes). The greatest number of punches was carried out by women and men in a standing position (women – 66,9 %; men – 64,6 %), then on the ground (women – 19,0 %; men – 21,6 %) and in a clinch (women – 14,1 %; men – 13,8 %). The largest number of blows are in the head (women – 60,2 %; men – 68,4 %), then on the body (women – 20,9 %; men – 18,3 %) and on the legs (women – 18,9 %; men – 13,3 %). The strongest fighters, women and men, defend against takedowns more efficiently (women – 77,5 %; men – 81,6 %) than against punches (women – 56,8 %; men – 59,8 %). The number of takedown attempts in 15 minutes is greater (women – 1,53 times; men – 1,86 times) than performing a submission in 15 minutes (women – 0,55 times; men – 0,53 times). Keywords: competitive activity, mixed martial arts MMA, TOP-10, indicators, fighters, men, women.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY HIGH RANKED FIGHTERS OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Sergii Latyshev ◽  
Mykola Latyshev ◽  
Olga Mavropulo ◽  
Igor Maksimenko ◽  
Yuri Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Competitive Activities

Mixed martial arts - a sport, which is a combination of many techniques, schools and direction of combat sports. Nowadays, mixed martial arts are the most popular and spectacular sport of all combat sports. Analysis of competitions performances is an important aspect of training athletes. The quantitative characteristics of competitive activity make it possible to model the training process at different stages of fighters. Aim of the research – to analyze the quantitative characteristics of competitive activity of high ranked fighters. All matches of Mixed martial arts Russian Cup in 2018 were analyzed: 84 preliminary and 8 final fights (for 1 place) in all weight categories.  The following quantitative characteristics of the competitive activities of high ranked fighters were analyzed in the study: average fight time; average fight time in the standing and ground positions; distribution of fights by types of victory; activity, defense and reliability performing takedowns for each weight category. Also, a comparative analysis was carried out with the competitive activity characteristics of the top athletes from the Ultimate Fighting Championship rating for each weight group. These data can be used as model when planning the training process of both young and qualified athletes.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Magnitude and Methods of Rapid Weight Loss Reported by Male Mixed Martial Arts Athletes in Ireland

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Connor ◽  
Brendan Egan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Body Mass Reduction

Rapid weight loss (RWL) is frequently practiced in weight category sports, including Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). The aim of the present study was to describe self-reported methods of RWL in a sample of competitive MMA athletes comprising of both amateur and professional fighters. The previously-validated Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire, with the addition of questions on water loading and hot salt baths, was completed anonymously online by athletes (n = 30; all male, n = 15/15 professional/amateur) from MMA clubs around Dublin, Ireland. All but one (97%) of the athletes surveyed lost weight in order to compete, with the average weight loss being 7.9% ± 3.1% of habitual body mass. The RWL score (mean ± SD) for this sample was 37.9 ± 9.6, and a tendency for higher [6.0 (95%CI; −1.1, 13.1) (p = 0.093; d = 0.64)] RWL scores for professional (40.8 ± 8.9) compared to amateur (34.8 ± 9.6) athletes was observed. Frequencies of “always” or “sometimes” were reported as 90% for water loading, 76% for hot salt baths and 55% for 24 h of fasting. Fellow fighters (41%) and coaches/mentors (38%) were “very influential” on RWL practices of these athletes, with doctors (67%), dietitians (41%), and physical trainers (37%) said to be “not influential”. RWL is highly prevalent in MMA across both amateur and professional athletes, and RWL scores are higher than other combat sports. Water loading and hot salt baths are amongst the most commonly used methods of RWL despite little research on these methods for body mass reduction or effects on performance in weight category sports.

scholarly journals Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts Varies According to Sex and Weight Class

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Follmer ◽  
Rodolfo Andre Dellagrana ◽  
E. Paul Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level 3

Background: Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories. Hypothesis: The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories. Results: The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class. Conclusion: Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA. Clinical Relevance: The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.

scholarly journals Combat Sport Nutrition: A Pragmatic Case Study in an Elite Mixed Martial Arts Athlete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category

Introduction: Mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes typically undergo energy restriction and severe dehydration to compete in a specific weight category: a process known as making weight. This can pose a health risk to athletes and has led to fatalities. Some risks can be mitigated with structured sports nutrition. Methods: This case study provides an overview of a 10-week sports nutrition intervention devised to support an elite male MMA athlete for a world lightweight title bout. Results: Over a 9-week period, body mass was reduced from 81.6 kg (baseline) to 75.4 kg (1-week pre-competition): total loss 6.2 kg (8.2%) equivalent to 0.68 kg.wk-1. In the final 5 days, body mass was reduced by a further 5.2 kg (7.4%), before regaining 5.8 kg (8.3%) and entering competition at 76 kg. There was no incidence of injury or illness throughout the training camp and the athlete reported positive feedback regarding health, wellbeing, and physical performance. Conclusions: The intervention demonstrates a pragmatic approach to making weight by allowing moderate rapid weight loss (RWL) and rapid weight gain under controlled conditions. In the absence of rule changes to prevent RWL, coaches and athletes can utilise sports nutrition strategies to minimise the risks associated with a traditional approach to making weight.

Injury Patterns of Mixed Martial Arts Athletes in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Ross ◽  
G.J. Tudor ◽  
J.W. Hafner ◽  
B.I. Yahuaca ◽  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Patterns

scholarly journals Structure and content of the athletes training program in classical powerlifting at the stage of preparation for higher achievements

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Verbovyi ◽  
M. Roztorhui
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Training Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
Adaptive Shifts ◽  
Competitive Activities

The basis for building the training of highly qualified athletes in powerlifting for many years is a jump-like or systematic planning of load components in the structural formations of the training process, characterized by increasing volume and intensity as athletes become skilled. As a result of application of such approach to construction of preparation of sportsmen already at a stage of preparation for higher achievements parameters of volume and intensity of loading reach the maximum possible indicators that causes forcing of sports results and exhausts reserve possibilities of an organism of powerlifters. The purpose of this research is to substantiate the structure and content of the training program for athletes in classical powerlifting at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. To achieve this goal, analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, extrapolation, analysis of best practices were used. Based on the analysis of available scientific knowledge and best practices, the structure and content of the training program for athletes in classical powerlifting at the stage of preparation for higher achievements are substantiated. The author's program is based on the use of a differentiated approach to planning the volume and intensity of the load in different groups of exercises in microcycles, which allows to maintain high levels of load intensity against the background of reducing the amount of load. The use of a differentiated approach to the planning of load components in groups of exercises in microcycles provides a sufficient degree of adaptive shifts in the body of athletes to ensure increased performance of competitive activities and reduce the likelihood of forcing sports results.

scholarly journals The prevalence, risk factors predicting injury and the severity of injuries sustained during competition in professional mixed martial arts in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S Venter ◽  
D Van Rensburg ◽  
L Fletcher ◽  
C Grant
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
The Usa

Background: Professional mixed martial arts (MMA) has gained international popularity. No African-based studies have reported the prevalence or severity of injuries, risk factors associated with injuries or return-to-play (RTP) time. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of injuries and associated risk factors, as well as severity of injuries sustained by professional male MMA athletes competing at the Extreme Fighting Championships Africa (EFC Africa) from 2010 to 2014.Methods: Permission to do the study and the medical records of all professional events (2010 – 2014) were obtained from EFC Africa. Data were obtained from 173 male competitors aged 18 to 44 years, who had participated in 300 professional MMA fights. Results from this prospective cohort study were compared to a similar study done in the United States of America (USA). An injury was defined as any damage to an athlete’s body that needed the attention of the ringside physician. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and a stepwise logistic regression. Odds of an injury were predicted with six independent variables: fight outcome, age, weight division, number of fights, injuries in the preceding fight and years of fighter experience.Results: Head, face and neck injuries were most common (22%), followed by traumatic brain injuries (knockouts) (6%). Losing a fight was a significant predictor of injury when using the stepwise logistic regression model (p=0.040). The odds ratio indicated that a preceding fight injury almost doubled the risk of injury in the following fight (OR 1.91; p= 0.163). Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in this study of African-based competitions (6%) were substantially higher than reported in the American study (1.8%).Conclusion: Head, neck and face injuries are common in African fighters. The high rate of TBIs in African competition compared to the USA study is concerning. This could reflect superior refereeing in the USA group, as fights may be ended sooner by stoppage. Further investigation of injury trends and preventative measures should be studied to reduce the incidence of injuries during African competitions.

scholarly journals Injury Profile of Mixed Martial Arts Competitions in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712199156
Author(s):  
Austin J. Ross ◽  
Bailey J. Ross ◽  
Tyler C. Zeoli ◽  
Symone M. Brown ◽  
Mary K. Mulcahey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Background: The popularity of mixed martial arts (MMA) continues to grow in the United States. Although prior work has provided valuable insight concerning injuries in the sport, much of the available literature is limited by factors such as small sample sizes, varying athlete demographics, and inconsistent data collection methods. Purpose: To report injury rates and types in MMA and analyze potential variance between competition and match variables. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of injuries sustained by fighters during MMA contests between 2018 and 2019 using ringside physician postmatch injury reports from Wisconsin and Arizona. The prevalence of overall injuries and specific injury types was compared by location (Arizona vs Wisconsin), competition level (amateur vs professional), match result (decisions vs any other result), and match winners versus losers. Results: In 503 contests, 285 (57%) had at least 1 injury. In these 285 matches, participants experienced 401 injuries: 197 (49%) in professional bouts and 204 (51%) in amateur bouts. The match injury rate was higher in professional bouts than in amateur contests (68% vs 51%; P < .001). Amateur fighters had more contusions and hematomas (31% vs 22%; P < .001), while professional fighters had more lacerations (39% vs 23%; P < .001). Losers exhibited a higher match injury rate than winners (48% vs 24%; P < .001). Winners experienced a higher proportion of fractures (19% vs 9%; P = .005), and losers experienced more concussions (17% vs 2%; P < .001). Conclusion: Professional fighters and losers of MMA bouts exhibited higher injury rates relative to amateurs and winners. The prevalence of specific injury types varied by competition level, match result, and match winners versus losers. The results of this study may be used to better understand the current injury profile in MMA and to develop targeted strategies for injury prevention.

Obesity in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassem I. Razzouk ◽  
Susan R. Rose ◽  
Suradej Hongeng ◽  
Dana Wallace ◽  
Matthew P. Smeltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intrathecal Methotrexate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Cranial Radiation

Purpose We evaluated the long-term effects of treatment on the body mass index (BMI) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma who received one of three CNS-directed therapies: intrathecal methotrexate with intravenous high-dose methotrexate (1 g/m2), intrathecal methotrexate with 18 Gy cranial radiation, or intrathecal methotrexate with 24 Gy cranial radiation. Patients and Methods Between 1979 and 1984, 456 children with newly diagnosed ALL and lymphoma were enrolled onto a single protocol at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN). The heights and weights of 422 of the children were measured at diagnosis, during treatment, at the end of therapy, and approximately every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Patients who had attained their adult height at the time of analysis (n = 248) were placed in weight categories based on their BMI, BMI percentile, or weight-for-length percentile depending on age. Results The overall percentage of survivors who were overweight or obese approximated rates prevalent in the general population of the United States. Young age (< 6 years) and overweight/obesity at diagnosis were the best predictors of obesity at adult height. The rate of BMI increase did not differ significantly between children who received radiation and those who did not, nor between patients who received 18 or 24 Gy of cranial radiation. Conclusion BMI weight category at diagnosis, rather than type of CNS treatment received, predicted adult weight in long-term survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies.

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