The Journey of the Lingual Artery from the Neck to the Oral Cavity: A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752110020
Author(s):  
Krishan Sarna ◽  
Khushboo Jayant Sonigra ◽  
Thomas Amuti ◽  
Martin Kamau ◽  
Wei Cheong Ngeow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Significant Incidence

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Objective: The origin of the lingual artery (LA) has been well studied due to its implication in neck dissection, but the course thereafter to the oral cavity is less described. This cadaveric study traced the journey of the LA from the external carotid artery to its terminal branches in the tongue. Methods: Following bilateral neck dissections in 35 black Kenyan cadavers, the incidence of Beclard’s, Lesser’s and Pirogoff’s triangles, the types of LA origin with its length, relationship to the hyoglossus muscle and anastomosis with other vessels were documented. Results: Beclard’s triangle was found in 64 dissections (91.42%), Lesser’s in 46 dissections (65.71%) and Pirogoff’s in 39 dissections (55.71%). The LA presented either as a solitary branch (67.15%) or as a branch of either the linguofacial (LFT–24.29%), thyrolingual (TLT–2.72%) or thyrolinguofacial (TLFT–2.86%) trunk. The solitary LA was the longest at 6.93 mm, followed by the TLT branch (6.58 mm), LFT branch (6.12 mm) and TLFT branch (5.65 mm). The majority of solitary LA and LA branches of LFT and TLFT passed through the hyoglossus, while all LA branches of the TLT coursed medial to the muscle. All variants of LA have been found to anastomose with the submental artery (SMA) at frequencies that ranged from 11.10% to 100%. Conclusions: The LA was found in all cadavers and all Beclards’ triangles. There is a significant incidence of LFT and TLFT variants in the Kenyan population. The LA passed either through or medial to the hyoglossus with no lateral relationship being observed.

Anatomical Variations in the Origin of the Lingual Artery in the Kenyan Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752098310
Author(s):  
Krishan Sarna ◽  
Martin Kamau ◽  
Khushboo Jayant Sonigra ◽  
Thomas Amuti
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional

Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Objective: To determine the variations in origin of the LA and its relationship to surgical landmarks. Background: The Lingual artery (LA) is a branch of the External Carotid Artery (ECA) that constitutes the principal supply to structures within the oral cavity and floor of the mouth. Knowledge of its variant anatomy is therefore vital during radiological and surgical procedures performed in the head and neck region since they may predispose it and other branches of the ECA to iatrogenic injury. There is, however, a dearth of regional data on the same. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 LA dissections were performed bilaterally on 35 human cadavers. The borders of the carotid triangle were identified after which the external carotid artery and its branches were exposed. The pattern of origin and the diameter of the LA was noted and distances from its origin to the CB, GCHB and the HN were measured. Similar measurements were carried out for any variant trunks. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS (IBM version 27). A paired t-test was used to compare side differences. Representative photos of the vessel and its variations were taken. Results: The LA was found to be present in all cadavers dissected and was bilaterally symmetrical in 43% of cases. Four (4) types of branching patterns were encountered in the present study, the most commonly observed being the solitary LA followed by the LFT, TLT and finally the TLFT. The average diameter was least in the solitary pattern and greatest in the TLT. In relation to the CB, the solitary LA originated at a distance of 1.51 ± 0.89 cm while the LFT, TLT and TLFT originated at a distance of 1.80 ± 0.73 cm, 1.02 ± 0.64 cm and 1.25 ± 0.01 cm respectively from the CB. The mean distance from the origin of the LA to the GCHB was least in the TLT and greatest in the TLFT. With reference to the hypoglossal nerve, the LA was at an average, 0.82 ± 0.15 cm from the HN for the solitary pattern, 1.34 ± 0.86 cm for the LFT, 1.34 ± 0.90 cm for the TLT and 1.38 ± 0.93 cm for the TLFT. Conclusion: The LA in the Kenyan population exhibited a high frequency of variation in comparison to other populations regarding its pattern of origin and relationship to landmarks such as the CB, GCHB and HN. These findings may provide further insight into the understanding of the vascular anatomy to the radiologist and the surgeon to avert complications and improve overall treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Unilateral variations in the branching pattern of right external carotid artery- a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
P Savithri
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Muscular Artery

AbstractA case report of anomalous origin and branching pattern of right external carotid artery found during the dissection of human cadavers is reported here. Knowledge of anatomical variations of external carotid artery is especially important in head & neck surgeries. This knowledge is also important for radiologists in the image interpretation. In the case reported here, the right external carotid artery gave direct origin of one of dorsal lingual artery, two stylomastoid arteries, muscular artery and lymph nodal artery along with its normal eight branches. Generally the dorsal lingual arteries are two arising from lingual artery. Contrary to that, in this case the dorsal lingual arteries were found arising one from front of external carotid artery and other from lingual artery, and both these arteries communicated at 4mm beyond their origin. The two stylomastoid arteries arising directly from the front of external carotid artery 4mm above the facial artery were found arising with a gap of 2mm distance from one another. Muscular artery arose directly from the posterior aspect of external carotid artery opposite the anomalous dorsal lingual artery and descended downwards and forwards in its course giving small twigs to surrounding muscles . Lymph nodal artery arising just beside the muscular artery opposite to facial artery passed downwards and laterally and divided into two small twigs to supply a pair of lymph nodes. These lymph nodes are deep cervical nodes measuring about 5x5 mm in size hard in consistency on histopathological examination, found to be nonmalignant.

Regional Cancer Chemotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors by Continuous Intraarterial Infusion

1964 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Di Pietro ◽  
Leandro Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Vascular Area

The results of treatment through continuous arterial infusion of anticancer drugs in 40 patients with malignant tumors, localized in the vascular area of the external carotid artery, are reported. Most of carcinomas belonged to the oral and pharingeal cavities. The external carotid artery was catheterized directely in 5 cases and indirectely in 28 cases (mostly through the superficial temporal artery); in 6 cases the lingual artery and in 3 cases the facial artery were used. The drugs and total doses employed were as follows: amethopterin (30–150 mg in 10 cases), triethylen-thiophosphoramide (60–300 mg in 9 cases), cyclophosphamide (800–6000 mg in 8 cases), daunomycin (40–280 mg in 8 cases), mitomycin C (20–40 mg in 2 cases), nitrogen mustard (10 mg in 2 cases), busulfan (35 mg in 1 case). The arterial infusion lasted from a minimum of 4 hours to a maximum of 14 days with an average of 6–12 days. In 19 cases (46,5 %) an objective improvement with significant but incomplete regression of the tumor was obtained. The improvement lasted from a minimum of 1 month to a maximum of 8 months. In this study, amethopterin was the most active compound, but only slightly more active than cyclophosphamide and daunomycin. Six patients died because of complications secondary to therapy. The indications and the technique of arterial infusion with anticancer drugs in tumors of the vascular area of the external carotid artery are discussed, as well as the complications related with this type of treatment. The literature about this subject is also reviewed.

Lingual and Facial Arteries Arising from the External Carotid Artery in a Common Trunk

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore G. Troupis ◽  
Dimitrios Dimitroulis ◽  
Alexandros Paraschos ◽  
Adamantios Michalinos ◽  
Vassilis Protogerou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Common Trunk

The present study describes analytically a rare case in which lingual and facial arteries arise together from an external carotid artery in a common trunk. Thirty anatomic dissections were performed on 15 cadavers in the macroscopic laboratory in the Department of Anatomy of the Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. One common trunk from which originated lingual and facial arteries was found. The frequency of this morphology is measured at 6 per cent. The length of the common trunk is measured at 7.3 mm between its origin and its diversion at the facial artery and lingual artery, its diameter at 2.8 mm, its distance from carotid bifurcation at 7.9 mm, and from the superior thyroid artery at 3.3 mm. At the left side of the neck region, facial and lingual arteries arose separately. The anatomic variations of the branching pattern of the external carotid artery and the micrometric values of the vessels are especially important as a result of the numerous operations performed in the neck region that implicate various specialties such as general surgery, head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, and maxillofacial surgery.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Lingual Artery Aneurysm: CT Findings and Endovascular Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Brindle ◽  
P.M. Fernandez ◽  
R.J. Sattenberg ◽  
M.B. Flynn ◽  
J.O. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Artery Branch

We describe a 65-year-old woman with an asymptomatic idiopathic lingual artery aneurysm which is suspected to be congenital. We review the literature on external carotid artery branch aneurysms, diagnostic evaluation and discuss treatment options for the various types and the specific chosen in the case presented.

scholarly journals Right External Carotid Artery Originated Right Superior Thyroid Artery in Cadavers of a Medical College in Western Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 906-909
Author(s):  
Nitasha Sharma ◽  
Ruku Pandit ◽  
Bhima Neupane ◽  
Ram Prakash Sah ◽  
Laxmi Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: External carotid artery originated superior thyroid artery are frequently documented in classical anatomical, surgical and radiological textbooks. Knowledge of anatomical variations, proper identification of superior thyroid arteries is very important to avoid major complications during and after neck surgeries. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of right superior thyroid artery originating from right external carotid artery in cadavers of a Medical College in Western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of anatomy in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from October 2020 to January 2021 after ethical clearance from the same institution (IRC UCMS, Ref: UCMS/IRC/078/20). Variations in origin of superior thyroid arteries were observed, recorded and photographed. Convenient sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 30 right superior thyroid arteries of 30 cadavers, 27 (90%) at 90% Confidence Interval (80.22-96.44) originates from right external carotid artery. Conclusions: In our study we observed that almost nine tenths of right superior thyroid arteries originated from the right external carotid artery which was relatively high in comparison to other studies. Thus, Extensive knowledge of variations in origin of superior thyroid artery is important for surgeons prior to various interventional surgeries.

scholarly journals A cadaveric study on variations in branching pattern of external carotid artery

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Devadas ◽  
Minnie Pillay ◽  
Tintu Thottiyil Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Branching Pattern

scholarly journals Lingual Artery Embolization for Severe and Uncontrollable Postoperative Tonsillar Bleeding

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad I. Levy ◽  
Michael B. Horowitz ◽  
Anne M. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Coil Embolization ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Artery Embolization

We performed emergent angiography of the external carotid artery to evaluate a patient who experienced uncontrollable oropharyngeal bleeding 3 days following an adenotonsillectomy. Angiography demonstrated a left lingual artery disruption and hemorrhage. We then performed a coil embolization of the left lingual artery, which immediately halted the hemorrhage. We conclude that coil embolization is a rapid and effective strategy for the management of massive, uncontrollable postoperative tonsillar bleeding.

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