scholarly journals Mnemic Neglect for Behaviors Enacted by Members of One’s Nationality Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110212
Author(s):  
Bettina Zengel ◽  
John J. Skowronski ◽  
Tim Wildschut ◽  
Constantine Sedikides
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Evaluation ◽  
Threatening Information ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Mnemic Neglect ◽  
Trait Judgment

People exhibit impaired recall for highly self-threatening information that describes them, a phenomenon called the mnemic neglect effect (MNE). We hypothesized that the MNE extends to recall for information that highly threatens an individual’s important in-group identity. We tested our hypothesis in two experiments in which participants read behaviors depicted as enacted by either in-group members (Experiment 1 = American and Experiment 2 = British) or out-group members (Andorrans). Participants recalled identity-threatening behaviors poorly when enacted by in-group members but not when enacted by out-group members. Additional results evinced in-group favoritism in (1) evaluations of the two groups and (2) trait judgments made from the behaviors, but only on traits central to the self. Finally, mediational analyses suggested that the group-driven memory differences are plausibly due to the global between-group evaluation differences but not the perceived between-group trait judgment differences.

On the Outside Looking In: Distress and Sympathy for Ethnic Victims of Violence by Out-Group Members

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Nakia S. Gordon ◽  
Samantha A. Chesney
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Group Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Abu Ghraib Prison

Abstract It is well documented that individuals respond with negative emotions to racial and ethnic out-groups. Yet, it is unknown whether the responses are a measure of simple emotional reactivity or if they are also influenced by emotion regulation. Given the importance of emotions in out-group evaluation (see Intergroup Emotion Theory; Smith and Mackie, 2008), we investigated emotional reactivity and regulation in response to out-group victimization. Forty-one undergraduates completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and viewed three sets of images: lynching of African-Americans, torture of Abu Ghraib prison detainees, and iaps images depicting graphic violence. Participants rated 13 emotions before and after viewing the images. A factor analysis identified four emotional response categories: Distress, Sympathy, Arousal and Avoidance. Analyses at both the individual emotion level and factor level indicated that negative emotions (e.g., anger, disgust, and guilt) were greater in response to violence against ethnic groups relative to violence depicted in the iaps images. Emotional suppression predicted blunted distress and arousal to ethnic victimization. These findings highlight that emotional responses to out-group victimization are complex and tempered by emotional suppression. Individuals’ emotion regulation may provide further insight into responses to ethnic and racial out-groups.

scholarly journals Giving to versus Taking from In- and Out-Group Members

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Alt ◽  
Carlo Gallier ◽  
Achim Schlüter ◽  
Katherine Nelson ◽  
Eva Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Full Factorial

In this experiment, we test whether subjects’ responses to variations in the action set in a dictator game depends on induced group identities. The action set includes choices in which the dictator can either give money to or take money from the other player. As an extension to the anonymous setting, we introduce induced group identities using the minimal group paradigm. Based on a dictator game conducted with more than 300 students in Indonesia, we implement a full factorial design in order to analyze the framing of the action set in a varied cultural context and to examine varied prevalence of social norms given a group identity context. If group identity is not salient, we find that participants are slightly more generous when they have an opportunity to give to rather than to take from the recipient. However, when participants are matched with in-group members, this result is reversed and highly significant. The result of differing responses to framing effects in within-group interactions compared to a neutral setting are largely ascribed to the varied compliance with existing social norms.

scholarly journals “If a Muslim says ‘homo’, nothing gets done”: Racist discourse and in-group identity construction in an LGBT youth group

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Identity Positioning ◽  
Racist Discourse ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Asian People

ABSTRACTThis article presents ethnographic data emerging from research with a group of LGBT young people, detailing the construction of a shared identity. Using discourse analysis, it shows how the group members position people of South Asian descent as a homogenous out-group, one framed as ‘other’ to their own in-group identity of ‘non-Asian’ due to the assumption that Asian people are homophobic. It is argued that this very local form of identity construction is facilitated by broader discourses of Islamophobia, as well as homonormative ideologies positioning gay people as white. The article therefore provides evidence to support Bucholtz & Hall's (2005) claim that identity positioning relates not only to the interactional moment and the norms of a given ethnographic context, but that it also encompasses macro-level discourses and ideologies. It also, however, reveals the pervasiveness of Islamophobic discourses in Britain today, and the marginalisation of LGBT people of colour. (LGBT identity, racist discourse, homonormativity, Islamophobia)*

Impediments Faced By Women SHGs under Integrated Watershed Management Programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. BARIYA ◽  
P. R. Kanani ◽  
S. J. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Integrated Watershed Management ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Self Help Group

The present study was an attempt to identify the impediments faced by SHGs under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). A total of 90 women self help group members as respondents were selected from Amreli district of Gujarat. The study findings revealed that the self help group women mainly encountered with the lack of knowledge in record maintenance. Their dependency on family male member was another impediment in solving money problems. Handling of bank account in which SHG Women were unaware of the rules has continuation of project and its expansion in other villages by establishing new SHG and addition of new activities have been largely suggested by most SHG-women. Although they were found not competent in performing bank formalities, yet their co-ordination among members and interpersonal trust were intact. Internal loaning and loaning through bank, clashes in their loan taking time, lack of time for meeting, dependency on members of family, and lack of marketing information needed major reforms as suggested by SHG members.

scholarly journals Shame

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Landers ◽  
Daniel Sznycer ◽  
Laith Al-Shawaf
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual

Reliance on mutual aid is a distinctive characteristic of human biology. Consequently, a central adaptive problem for our ancestors was the potential or actual spread of reputationally damaging information about the self – information that would decrease the inclination of other group members to render assistance. The emotion of shame appears to be the solution engineered by natural selection to defend against this threat. The existing evidence suggests that shame is a neurocomputational program that orchestrates various elements of the cognitive architecture in the service of (i) deterring the individual from making choices wherein the personal benefits are exceeded by the prospective costs of being devalued by others, (ii) preventing negative information about the self from reaching others, and (iii) minimizing the adverse effects of social devaluation when it occurs. The flow of costs (e.g., punishment) and benefits (e.g., income, aid during times of hardship) in human societies is regulated to an important extent by this interlinked psychology of social evaluation and shame (as well as other social emotions). For example, the intensity of shame that laypeople express at the prospect of committing each of various offenses closely matches the intensity of the actual offense-specific punishments called for by criminal laws, including modern laws and ancient laws that are millennia old. Because shame, like pain, causes personal suffering and sometimes leads to hostile behavior, shame has been termed a “maladaptive” and “ugly” emotion. However, an evolutionary psychological analysis suggests that the shame system is elegantly designed to deter injurious choices and make the best of a bad situation.

Badea et al 2019 IJIR - Threat to national identity continuity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantina Badea ◽  
Michael Bender ◽  
Helene Korda
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Identity Group ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Identity Continuity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact

European majority group members increasingly perceive threats to national continuity, which in turn leads to defensive reactions, including prejudice against Muslim immigrants. However, according to self-affirmation theory, individuals can respond in a less defensive manner if they have affirmed positive aspects of their self-concept (self-affirmation) or their social identity (group-affirmation). In the present research, we test the potential of affirmation procedures as tools for reducing prejudice towards Muslim immigrants when national continuity is threatened. We examine the impact of personal vs. normative attachment to Christian roots of national identity on the efficacy of affirmation procedures, and the congruence between the threatened and the affirmed domains of the self. Results show that group-affirmation reduced opposition to Muslims’ rights amongst participants personally attached to the idea that national continuity is based on Christian roots. The discussion stresses the importance of non-congruence between the threatened domain of the self and the affirmed domain for the design of affirmation procedures.

scholarly journals Control Management System Evaluation Applied in Greater Amman Municipality (GAM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Nasser Assaf ◽  
Wisam Abu Khalaf ◽  
Abed Elkareem Alzoubi ◽  
Saed Zighan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
The Self ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Control Management System ◽  
Control Management

Purpose: This Paper studies the group rewards effects as a result of the tight action control system applied in (GAM), how they deal with this issue especially the fair treatment for rewards distribution and what is the criteria the organization follows at the end of the year.GAM gives group rewards as bonuses depending on the self-opinion of the general manager believes in the ability of the team to accomplish the project, which might cause conflicts and unfair bonuses distribution among the group members.This study diagnosis the problem and suggests solutions in order to fix the lack of confidence between the employees and the high management decisions especially with rewards, if it is not processing fairly, the organization will face un-commitment behaviors from employees to achieve the organizational objectives, in addition, they will start looking for external opportunities sooner if this issue is not solved. Employees’ motivation varies among individuals, some are motivated by monetary compensations, while others by promotions and so on.Future implications: GAM should design a group rewards system that fairly distribute the rewards among the group members. Human resource management should follow a role in evaluations of individuals performance in order to give the HR his tasks.

Group-Identity Completion and the Symbolic Value of Property

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Ledgerwood ◽  
Ido Liviatan ◽  
Peter J. Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Symbolic Value

Building on symbolic self-completion theory, we conceptualize group identity as a goal toward which group members strive, using material symbols of that identity. We report four studies showing that the value placed on such material symbols (e.g., a building) depends on commitment to group identity, the extent to which a symbol can be used to represent in-group identity, and situational variability in goal strength induced through group-identity affirmation or threat. Our results suggest that property derives value from its capacity to serve as an effective means in the pursuit of group-identity goals. Implications for inter-group conflict are discussed.

Lost without each other: The influence of group identity loss on the self-concept.

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica B. Slotter ◽  
Laura Winger ◽  
Nadya Soto
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document