The Rotating Snakes Illusion Is a Straightforward Consequence of Nonlinearity in Arrays of Standard Motion Detectors

AbstractThe Rotating Snakes illusion is a motion illusion based on repeating, asymmetric luminance patterns. Recently, we found certain grey-value conditions where a weak, illusory motion occurs in the opposite direction. Of the four models for explaining the illusion, one (Backus and Oruç, 2005) also explains the unexpected perceived opposite direction. We here present a simple new model, without free parameters, based on an array of standard correlation-type motion detectors with a subsequent non-linearity (e.g., saturation) before summing the detector outputs. The model predicts (1) the pattern-appearance motion illusion for steady fixation, (2) an illusion under the real-world situation of saccades across or near the pattern (pattern shift), (3) a relative maximum of illusory motion for the same grey values where it is found psychophysically, and (4) the inverse illusion for certain luminance values. We submit that the model’s sparseness of assumptions justifies adding a fifth model to explain this illusion.

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Nulling the Movement Aftereffect: Evidence for Pattern Specificity

Perception ◽

10.1068/p030267 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J E W Mayhew

Keyword(s):

Opposite Direction ◽

Test Surface ◽

Homogeneous Field ◽

Movement Aftereffect ◽

Motion Detectors ◽

Patterned Illumination ◽

Two Populations

A microtextured surface such as a homogeneously illuminated tracing-paper screen provides an excellent test surface for the movement aftereffect. When it is moved against the aftereffect at the appropriate velocity, a null occurs and the screen appears stationary. However, if patterned illumination is superimposed on the homogeneous field, the nulling breaks down. The pattern appears to move in one direction, driven by the aftereffect, and the screen can be clearly seen moving in the opposite direction. This breakdown begins to occur at luminances just above threshold for the detection of the pattern. The implication is that two populations of motion detectors are involved. Evidence in support of this postulate is presented.

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Motion Induced Colours Fusion

10.31234/osf.io/mkth2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Yousef

Keyword(s):

Opposite Direction ◽

Illusory Motion ◽

Physical Motion ◽

Optimal Fusion ◽

Motion Reversal

This article provides evidence that motion has the ability to stably fuse two different colored ‘spatially separated’ stimuli without impairments against the shape of those separated stimuli. Based on our observations, dilated pupils promote colours fusion; and the optimal fusion happens when the stimuli are moving in opposite direction of the actual physical motion, namely, when there is illusory motion reversal. The previous observations suggested that retinal peripheries have main contributions on the present illusion which we called; motion induced colours fusion ‘MICF’ illusion.

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Simulation to Enhance Interactivity in E-Learning

Interactivity in E-Learning - Advances in Game-Based Learning ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-441-3.ch003 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 51-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ann Leslie Claesson ◽

Felicity Pearson ◽

Jesse Rosel

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Real World ◽

Service Leadership ◽

Rich Media ◽

E Learning ◽

Media Experience ◽

Real World Situation ◽

University Setting

This chapter explores how rich media can be used in these three types of applications using the Riverbend City Simulation project for Capella’s School of Public Service Leadership as a case study example. Riverbend City is a scenario-based simulation that provides a multidisciplinary, rich media experience to learners in an online, asynchronous university setting. The simulation provides real-world scenarios where student skills and knowledge can be applied and tested on specific subjects. The ultimate goal of the project is to empower learners to envision their ability to combine collaboration and leadership when working with multiple disciplines in a real-world situation.

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A Policy Game in a Virtual World

Gaming and Simulations ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-195-9.ch401 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 910-927

Author(s):

Martha Garcia-Murillo ◽

Ian MacInnes

Keyword(s):

Virtual Worlds ◽

Real World ◽

Virtual World ◽

Policy Game ◽

Electronic Environments ◽

Learning Principles ◽

Real World Situation

Advances in computing and telecommunications make it possible to take advantage of immersive electronic environments to deliver content. In this chapter we present a policy game to be used in a virtual world. The benefits of this tool are examined using Gee’s learning principles. From this analysis we find that games in virtual worlds enable reflective exploration that helps participants learn from their mistakes. Learning takes place from the content conveyed through the game and through the multimedia immersion that allows students to learn the nuances of these virtual contexts. Because there are no realworld consequences, participants can take risks, provide or receive help from other students, and most importantly, apply this knowledge to a real-world situation. Recommendations are provided to educators to help them exploit the great potential of games while being prepared for the obstacles they will face.

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A Policy Game in a Virtual World

Handbook of Research on Effective Electronic Gaming in Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-808-6.ch028 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 489-507

Author(s):

Martha Garcia-Murillo ◽

Ian MacInnes

Keyword(s):

Virtual Worlds ◽

Real World ◽

Virtual World ◽

Policy Game ◽

Electronic Environments ◽

Learning Principles ◽

Real World Situation

Advances in computing and telecommunications make it possible to take advantage of immersive electronic environments to deliver content. In this chapter we present a policy game to be used in a virtual world. The benefits of this tool are examined using Gee’s learning principles. From this analysis we find that games in virtual worlds enable reflective exploration that helps participants learn from their mistakes. Learning takes place from the content conveyed through the game and through the multimedia immersion that allows students to learn the nuances of these virtual contexts. Because there are no realworld consequences, participants can take risks, provide or receive help from other students, and most importantly, apply this knowledge to a real-world situation. Recommendations are provided to educators to help them exploit the great potential of games while being prepared for the obstacles they will face.

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Quantifying Real-World Upper-Limb Activity Via Patient-Initiated Movement After Nerve Reconstruction for Upper Brachial Plexus Injury

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyy335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 369-374

Author(s):

Brandon W Smith ◽

Kate W-C Chang ◽

Serena J Saake ◽

Lynda J-S Yang ◽

Kevin C Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Brachial Plexus ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Real World ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Brachial Plexus Injury ◽

Nerve Transfer ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Motion Detectors

Abstract BACKGROUND A critical concept in brachial plexus reconstruction is the accurate assessment of functional outcomes. The current standard for motor outcome assessment is clinician-elicited, outpatient clinic-based, serial evaluation of range of motion and muscle power. However, discrepancies exist between such clinical measurements and actual patient-initiated use. We employed emerging technology in the form of accelerometry-based motion detectors to quantify real-world arm use after brachial plexus surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) the ability of accelerometry-based motion detectors to assess functional outcome and (2) the real-world arm use of patients after nerve transfer for brachial plexus injury, through a pilot study. METHODS Five male patients who underwent nerve transfer after brachial plexus injury wore bilateral motion detectors for 7 d. The patients also underwent range-of-motion evaluation and completed multiple patient-reported outcome surveys. RESULTS The average age of the recruits was 41 yr (±17 yr), and the average time from operation was 2 yr (±1 yr). The VT (time of use ratio) for the affected side compared to the unaffected side was 0.73 (±0.27), and the VM (magnitude ratio) was 0.63 (±0.59). VT strongly and positively correlated with shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction: 0.97 (P = .008) and 0.99 (P = .002), respectively. CONCLUSION Accelerometry-based activity monitors can successfully assess real-world functional outcomes after brachial plexus reconstruction. This pilot study demonstrates that patients after nerve transfer are utilizing their affected limbs significantly in daily activities and that recovery of shoulder function is critical.

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Selection of a Farm Machinery Replacement Criterion Using Simulation

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200024249 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darrel Kletke

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Average Cost ◽

Marginal Cost ◽

Economic Life ◽

Farm Machinery ◽

Rules Of Thumb ◽

Replacement Decisions ◽

Real World Situation ◽

Yearly Cost ◽

Selection Of

Little research has focused on developing a model which farmers can use to make yearly machinery replacement decisions. This paper contains an optimizing replacement criterion and then demonstrates the results of alternative rules of thumb used to implement the criterion in a real world situation.The economic life of a machine is here defined as the interval of time during which that machine reaches its minimum average yearly cost. If a machine is replaced by an exact duplicate with the same annual costs, replacement occurs when the currently owned machine attains its economic life. When average cost reaches its minimum, marginal cost and average cost are equal. This is the same as saying that when economic life is reached, the actual yearly cost (marginal cost) is equal to the average yearly cost of the machine. Theoretically, replacement should occur when marginal cost first crosses average cost from below.

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Graphing Stories for a 3 Act Task

Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School ◽

10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.24.2.0090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

Allyson Hallman-Thrasher ◽

Courtney Koestler ◽

Danielle Dani ◽

Amanda Kolbe ◽

Katie Lyday

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Trial And Error ◽

Real World Situation

Through trial and error and ultimate success, students create a graph to model a real-world situation.

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Masking Disagreement among Experts

Episteme ◽

10.3366/epi.2006.3.1-2.52 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 52-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

John Beatty

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Scientific Experts ◽

Real World Situation ◽

Difficult Issue

ABSTRACTThere are many reasons why scientific experts may mask disagreement and endorse a position publicly as “jointly accepted.” In this paper I consider the inner workings of a group of scientists charged with deciding not only a technically difficult issue, but also a matter of social and political importance: the maximum acceptable dose of radiation. I focus on how, in this real world situation, concerns with credibility, authority, and expertise shaped the process by which this group negotiated the competing virtues of reaching consensus versus reporting accurately the nature and degree of disagreement among them.

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