Ethical problems in virtual research: Enmeshing the blurriness with Twitter data

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Kerry Power
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Service Agreement ◽  
Collection Practices

When conceptualising knowledge gained from tapping into an internet data pool, one may question many things which can include the role of the researcher and the researched, privacy and ethics, intention, authenticity and the vastness of scope. The researcher, regardless of research intention including moral or ethical positions, must acknowledge that there are billions of nuances affecting online user participation. Ethical boundaries surrounding available data deemed ‘public’ in a program like Twitter, for example, are not easily wrapped in a terms of service agreement. Ethical problems in virtual research are expansive, and it is necessary to frame how and why researchers should address them. In the following paper, I outline some significant ethical issues in virtual research and address perceived pluralities as enmeshment. Drawing on Barad's ( 2007 , 2010 , 2014 ) theoretical model of diffraction, I poke holes through ethical blurriness and think through ethical possibilities for researchers, including online presence, data collection practices and participant agency.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in computational pathology

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107024
Author(s):  
Tom Sorell ◽  
Nasir Rajpoot ◽  
Clare Verrill
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Slide Image ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Computational Pathology

This paper explores ethical issues raised by whole slide image-based computational pathology. After briefly giving examples drawn from some recent literature of advances in this field, we consider some ethical problems it might be thought to pose. These arise from (1) the tension between artificial intelligence (AI) research—with its hunger for more and more data—and the default preference in data ethics and data protection law for the minimisation of personal data collection and processing; (2) the fact that computational pathology lends itself to kinds of data fusion that go against data ethics norms and some norms of biobanking; (3) the fact that AI methods are esoteric and produce results that are sometimes unexplainable (the so-called ‘black box’problem) and (4) the fact that computational pathology is particularly dependent on scanning technology manufacturers with interests of their own in profit-making from data collection. We shall suggest that most of these issues are resolvable.

Ethical Issues in Qualitative Data Collection Among Vulnerable Populations in Healthcare Setting

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Seng Fah Tong ◽  
Wen Ting Tong ◽  
Wah Yun Low
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Future Patient ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

The chapter aims to highlight the ethical issues in qualitative data collection among vulnerable populations. Among the ethical issues are the conflict role of interviewers, adverse impact on future patient-therapist relationship, and emotional trauma both during and after data collection. The interviewers, usually healthcare providers, may subconsciously assume the role as a therapist during the interviews. Furthermore, the interviewers may encounter the participants (patients) in future clinical consultations; hence, information exchanges during the interviews could influence the therapeutic relationship. Recollection of experiences with an illness during the interviews can be a painful experience for patients. These ethical dilemmas can be addressed with appropriate sampling of participants and constant awareness of the researcher roles and relationships with the participants. Debriefing the participants with support is important to handle emotional upheavals.

The role of online ethics consultation on mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
Kayoko Ohnishi ◽  
Teresa E Stone ◽  
Takashi Yoshiike ◽  
Kazuyo Kitaoka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Ethics Consultation ◽  
Mental Health Nurses ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Improving Patient Care

Background Nurses experience moral distress when they cannot do what they believe is right or when they must do what they believe is wrong. Given the limited mechanisms for managing ethical issues for nurses in Japan, an Online Ethics Consultation on mental health (OEC) was established open to anyone seeking anonymous consultation on mental health practice. Research objective To report the establishment of the Online Ethics Consultation and describe and evaluate its effectiveness. Ethical considerations The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Research design This evaluation describes the outcomes of 5 years of operation of the Online Ethics Consultation on mental health in Japan Participants The Online Ethics Consultation received 12 emails requesting consultation. Consultees included mental health nurses, psychiatrists, and service users. Findings The most common questions directed to the service were about seclusion and physical restraint. Response time from receipt of email to sending a reply was between 1 and 14 days. Despite the disappointing number of consultations, feedback has been positive. Discussion The Online Ethics Consultation was established to assist morally sensitive nurses in resolving their ethical problems through provision of unbiased and encouraging advice. Mental health care in Japan has been less than ideal: long-term social hospitalization, seclusion, and restraint are common practices that often lead to moral distress in nurses and the questions received reflected this. The head of the Online Ethics Consultation sent a supportive, facilitative response summarizing the opinions of several consultants. Conclusion This study provides key information for the establishment of an online ethics resource the adoption of which has the potential to improve the experience of nurses, allied health and clients of mental health services. This paper has implications for services concerned with improving patient care, managing nurses’ moral distress, building ethics into decision-making.

scholarly journals The Dereliction Tourist: Ethical Issues of Conducting Research in Areas of Industrial Ruination

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mah
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Industrial Decline ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Uk

Dereliction tourism is the act of seeking out abandoned industrial sites as sites of aesthetic pleasure, leisure or adventure. Drawing on research in areas of industrial ruination in Russia, the UK and North America, this article examines the role of the ‘dereliction tourist’ as a way of critically reflecting on the ethics of ‘outsider’ research. Ethical problems are associated with both dereliction tourism and ethnographic research in areas of industrial decline, including voyeurism, romanticization, and the reproduction of negative stereotypes about marginal people and places. However, both dereliction tourism and ethnographic research also share more positive ethical possibilities through offering alternative ways of imagining places and raising social justice awareness of issues related to deprivation and blight. Through considering the ambivalent figure of the dereliction tourist in relation to ethnography, this article advances a way of being in the research field through intrinsic ethical reflection and practice.

Collins, P. 98 structure of 150–1, 152; overt Collinson, D. 58 research on 153–4; and potentials of Community Care 62 confrontation 153–8, 163; reasons Community Relations Councils 171 for studying 158–60; researcher as Cotterill, P. 95, 101, 108; and threat to 154–5; risk of research on Letherby, G. 94, 95, 107 162–3; risk to researcher 153–8; role of researcher in 161–2; Dalley, G. 117 secondary roles for researcher in danger: awareness of 2, 23–4; beyond 155–6; structural/cultural view of researcher/researched 160–2; 151–2; studying 147–8; and trust coping strategies 144; defined 74; in 155–6; validity of research on the field 182; as immediate physical 159–60; and wider community threat 8–9; insights from 189; 160–2; see also groups invisible 80–1; move from empathy Day, G. 107 to sympathy 154–5, 157, 159, 160; Dees, M. and Fiffer, S. 151 multiple aspects 54–5, 133; new delivery suite: attitude to patients agenda 115–18; and political 86–7; description of 81; emotional correctness 169; as positively danger in 82–7; and internal disruptive influence 56; of examination 82–3; and (lack of) representation 168, 179; and knowledge 84–5; and monitoring of research 27–9, 40, 189–92; and births 83–4; and new technology researcher risk 1–7, 9–10, 61; of 81, 85; powerlessness and anger in unreliable knowledge 169; see also 83 risk/danger Denby, S. and Baker, C. 58 dangerous groups 169; acceptance of Denizen, N. 149 researcher in 157; attitude to Dobie, K. 151 presentation of reports on 157–8; door work 43–4, 198–9; assaults, take-basic preparations for studying overs, swimming lessons 48–9; and 163–4; conceptual approach toward the bouncer self 53; and collective 150–2; and confidentiality of trust 51–2; at dance-oriented club material 155–6; covert research on 49–52; and danger 47–53, 54; 153; and data collection 149–50; ethnographic episodes 7–52; at gay defined 148; development of 152; club 48–9; and gender 45, 58; and ethical problems with 156; gaining knowing the score 49–50; links to access to 155; and involvement of criminality 44, 45–6; and losing wider community 160–2; and law ‘bottle’ 48; methodological enforcement 156–7; leadership of concerns 46–7; mythology/reality 156–7; long-term involvement with concerning 44; and personal 156; mechanics of participant information 52; post-fieldwork observation 154; membership/social experience 54–6;

2002 ◽  
pp. 216-216
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Participant Information

Ethical Issues in Qualitative Nursing Research

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immy Holloway ◽  
Stephanie Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Research Nurses

This article is concerned with ethical issues that have to be considered when under taking qualitative research. Some of the issues - such as informed consent, the dignity and privacy of the research subjects, voluntary participation and protection from harm - are the same as in other types of research and have their basis in moral and ethical principles. Qualitative research, however, generates specific ethical problems because of the close relationship that researchers form with participants. Qualitative research with patients is especially difficult because of their vulnerability and lack of power in the clinical situation. Therefore the potential conflict between the dual role of the nurse - the professional and the research roles - has to be solved. Researchers also learn how to cope with the tension of subjective and objective elements of the research. Nurses who attempt qualitative research have to consider a variety of complex ethical issues, which are addressed in this paper.

scholarly journals Ethical Calculator: from Philosophical «Computational Morality» to Machine Ethics of Artificial Moral Agents (АMA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Makulin
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Machine Ethics ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Artificial Moral Agents ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Tech Nologies ◽  
History Of

One of the features of modern socio-philosophical knowledge is its involvement in the solution of ethi-cal problems in new conditions, determined by the consequences of the “information explosion”, digi-talization, the massive introduction of digital tech-nologies in the humanitarian spheres. One of the key problems is understanding the role of the so-called “machine ethics”, ie. a set of theoretical ap-proaches to hypothetical problems of the moral be-havior of machines in the framework of artificial in-telligence. The paper expounds the point of view according to which ethics, over the centuries of the formation of various philosophical systems, has developed many mechanisms of its own algorithmi-cization, which opens up wide opportunities for the formation of “computational morality”, up to the appearance of artificial moral agents (AMA). The paper briefly examines the history of the formaliza-tion of ethical problems and solutions. The key at-tempts of algorithmicization of ethical issues in the history of philosophy are identified, the socio-philosophical component of such a phenomenon as the “ethical calculator” is characterized.

scholarly journals Dialoguing with the silent researcher: Rethinking the role of the transcriptionist in qualitative research

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205979911986328
Author(s):  
Heather Hurst ◽  
Kathryn McCallum ◽  
Sara Tilles
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Full Body

Even though transcription is a mainstay of qualitative research, transcription itself is rarely present in discussions of data collection or analysis. A meager body of literature exists that considers transcription as theory, but such literature tends to focus on the transcriptionist’s choices. We have few empirical studies on transcription and the role of the transcriptionist. Drawing on frameworks of literacy as a sociocultural process and post-structural feminism, we investigate two cases that demonstrate how the transcriptionist can assume a generative role in research projects. Our data reveal how the transcriptionist shared interpretations, helped make methodological decisions, and was a reader who knew the full body of data. We argue for a reframing of our collective understanding of the transcriptionist and consider the benefits of, limitations to, and ethical issues in involving transcriptionists explicitly as co-researchers.

scholarly journals The value of sharing genomic findings with research ethics committees

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Angeliki Kerasidou
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Research Ethics Committees ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Good Research

The role of ethics committees is to protect and safeguard the rights and welfare of participants, and promote good research by providing ethical guidance to researchers. In order for ethics committees to fulfil their role and obligations, they need to have adequate understanding of the science and scientific methods used in research. Genomics is a novel and rapidly evolving research field, and identifying the ethical issues raised by it is not straightforward. Limited understanding of, and expertise in, reviewing genomic research may lead ethics committees to either hamper novel research, or overlook important ethical problems. Researchers are in the best position to assist ethics committees in their efforts to remain informed about scientific advancements.

Qualitative Research

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Social Work Values ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Basic Approaches

The term qualitative methods is relatively new. There is no single definition, although they share features in common, that is, flexibility, holism, naturalism, and insider perspectives. Epistemological debates continue among qualitative researchers, and the diverse methodological approaches often reflect the influence of constructivist critiques. The basic approaches—ethnography, grounded theory, case studies, narrative, phenomenological, and action research—are described along with the fundamentals of data collection and analysis, the role of theory, standards for rigor, ethical issues, and social work values. Rapid growth in the popularity of these methods ensures that they will play a key role in the professions' knowledge development in the future.

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