scholarly journals Explaining the salience of anti-elitism and reducing political corruption for political parties in Europe with the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey data

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205316801668691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Polk ◽  
Jan Rovny ◽  
Ryan Bakker ◽  
Erica Edwards ◽  
Liesbet Hooghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Party Ideology

This article addresses the variation of anti-corruption and anti-elite salience in party positioning across Europe. It demonstrates that while anti-corruption salience is primarily related to the (regional) context in which a party operates, anti-elite salience is primarily a function of party ideology. Extreme left and extreme conservative (TAN) parties are significantly more likely to emphasize anti-elite views. Through its use of the new 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey wave, this article also introduces the dataset.

Radical Right Populists and Group Formation in the European Parliament

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-54
Author(s):  
Duncan McDonnell ◽  
Annika Werner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Behaviour Data

This chapter first discusses in depth the book’s core concept of “radical right populist”, before examining the history of co-operation (and mostly non-cooperation) between radical right populists in the European Parliament. It sets out the main theories, in particular policy congruence, which have been used to explain why parties form groups in the European Parliament. It then looks at how these theories might apply to radical right populist parties. Finally, the chapter presents the data and methods used in the study. These include Chapel Hill Expert Survey data, EP group finance and voting behaviour data, as well as interviews conducted with representatives and officials from a wide range of radical right populist parties and their allies.

European Conservatives and Reformists

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-92
Author(s):  
Duncan McDonnell ◽  
Annika Werner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
The Uk

This chapter focuses on the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group, which in 2014 accepted the radical right populists of the Danish People’s Party and the Finns Party, alongside more moderate centre-right parties such as the UK Conservatives. To analyse the reasons behind the group’s composition, it uses Chapel Hill Expert Survey data on party positions in addition to interviews with leading figures from the main ECR parties. The chapter proposes the “respectable radicals” theory of group formation. In other words, radical parties like the Danish People’s Party and the Finns Party play a two-level game in which they value perceived domestic “office” and “votes” benefits of European alliances more than “policy congruence”. In particular, being seen to sit with the UK Conservatives was considered advantageous by the Danish and Finnish parties while, for the UK Conservatives, these parties’ lack of extreme right historical baggage made them acceptable allies.

Europe of Nations and Freedom

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-160
Author(s):  
Duncan McDonnell ◽  
Annika Werner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Front National ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Northern League ◽  
Marine Le Pen ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
European Group

This chapter explains the formation of the Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF) group containing Front National, Northern League, Austrian Freedom party, Flemish Vlaams Belang and the Dutch Party for Freedom. Based on expert survey data and interviews, it shows how, while these parties have long held compatible positions on key issues, cooperation between them all has only become possible over the last decade, in part through the role of new party leaders such as Marine Le Pen. The chapter argues that the ENF’s creation reflects a shared desire to create a lasting European group composed of radical right populist parties unashamed of their commonalities. Finally, it discusses how the ENF parties have presented themselves not only as defenders of their own nations, but of a wider “European” people against the supposedly increasing threats posed by EU elites and dangerous “others” (in particular Muslims).

scholarly journals How well are citizens represented by their governments? Issue congruence and inequality in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rosset ◽  
Christian Stecker
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Popular Support

AbstractThis study analyses congruence across various issues in 16 European democracies. Making use of public opinion and expert survey data, our analyses show that congruence between the policy preferences of citizens and the stances of governments is much more complex than what is revealed by studies focusing on ideology solely. Size and directions of incongruence are larger and more systematic on specific issues than on the left–right scale. On redistribution, citizens are more to the left than their governments, while popular support for European integration is systematically lower among citizens than among their representatives. Moreover, the relatively poor are particularly underrepresented on redistribution, while the preferences of the relatively lower educated are not well reflected in government preferences in relation to European integration. We interpret these results as being partly linked to a representation gap with privileged social groups enjoying higher levels of congruence with their government.

Spending Levels of Political Parties: An Explanation Based on a Multilevel Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jef Smulders ◽  
Bart Maddens
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Democratic Tradition ◽  
Effective Number Of Parties ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Party Strength

This article examines the determinants of the annual overall spending levels of political parties from a comparative perspective. On the basis of a dataset with 1,317 observations from 99 parties in nine European parliamentary democracies, we illustrate that the spending levels of parties – calculated on the basis of Nassmacher’s index of political spending – have not systematically increased over the past decade. A multilevel analysis shows that, at the country level, spending levels are higher in countries with a longer tradition of public funding, a higher effective number of parties and a shorter democratic tradition. They are also higher in election years, but this effect is moderated when campaign spending limits apply. At the party level, spending levels increase with party strength and party age. Party ideology and government participation, on the other hand, do not have an effect.

scholarly journals Everything to everyone? Not when you are internally divided

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Lehrer ◽  
Nick Lin
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Electoral Support

Despite the normative importance of a clear party stance to political competition and representation, research has discovered that parties and candidates tend to employ the “broad-appeal” strategy to becloud their true policy intentions in order to expand their electoral support. Empirical work by Somer-Topcu demonstrates evidence that being ambiguous indeed helps political parties gain votes in elections since equivocal messages make voters underestimate the preference divergence between themselves and parties. In this article, we ask under what conditions would the “broad-appeal” strategy fail to work? We then propose internal unity of political parties as a critical condition for this strategy to work effectively. If a party is internally divided, conflict within the party accentuates the true policy intentions of the party and then counterbalances the discounting effect of being ambiguous on voters’ perceptions. Using survey data from the German Internet Panel, we show that voters underestimate policy distances to ambiguous parties only if they perceive them as internally united. Using a two-stage estimator, we also present evidence that the underestimation of policy distances affects voters’ vote choices.

Social media penetration, party politics and elections in Tanzania Emerging practices and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-185
Author(s):  
Christopher Simeon Awinia
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Way

Tanzania has witnessed an increased use of social media in political party campaigning over the last decade. Use of social media was nonetheless curtailed by a changing techno-political framework regulated by acts relating to cybersecurity and statistics. This study was guided by two hypotheses: firstly, that despite restrictive cybersecurity laws, social media in recent years has been effectively institutionalised as a new civic cyberspace for political party campaigns during elections. Secondly, increasing use of social media in elections has had a transformative effect on the way party structure was organised to conduct political mobilisation, promote party ideology and both inter- and intra-party interaction, and for fundraising. The study interviewed party members and leaders from five political parties which participated in the 2015 and 2020 general elections and concluded that social media had a transformative effect on core political party campaign activities.

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