In Search of a Simple and Reliable Method of Measuring Intra-abdominal Pressure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Background: Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at increased risk of developing mechanical complications such as dialysate leaks and hernias thought to be partially related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) secondary to dialysate in the abdomen. However, measurement of IAP requires specialized equipment that is not readily available in the home dialysis unit. Objectives: To develop a reliable method of measuring IAP in PD patients that could be easily used in the home dialysis unit. We hypothesized that the handheld Stryker pressure monitor would be suitable for this purpose via connection to the PD catheter. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Tertiary Care Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Patients: Patients who were having a PD catheter inserted via laparoscopic surgery at The Ottawa Hospital were recruited for the study. Measurements: With the patients at end-expiration, the IAP measured with the Stryker monitor connected to the PD catheter was compared with the insufflator pressures of 15, 10, and 5 mm Hg. Methods: Bland-Altman plots were constructed and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for each pressure. Results: Twelve patients participated in the study: 9 men and 3 women. They were on average 53 ± 15 years old and 81 ± 13.4 kg. Two patients had to be excluded from the analysis due to difficulties zeroing the Stryker pressure monitor at the time of surgery. There were also rapid fluctuations in the insufflator pressure recording, creating additional challenges in comparing the 2 measurements at end-expiration. The 95% limits of agreement for the Bland-Altman plots ranged from 7.9 (@15 mm Hg) to 12.2 (@10 mm Hg). The intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability of the individual measurements ranged from 0.015 (10 mm Hg) to 0.634 (15 mm Hg). Limitations: Small sample size and lack of a gold standard comparator may have affected our results. Conclusions: In our study, we used the operating room insufflator as the gold standard for measuring IAP. By Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients, the pressure values obtained with the Stryker pressure monitor were not a reliable estimate of insufflator IAP especially at lower pressures. Further studies are needed to identify an ideal tool for measurement of IAP to guide PD management.

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Reproducibility and Validity of the 10-Meter Shuttle Ride Test in Wheelchair-Using Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20120513 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 967-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Olaf Verschuren ◽

Maremka Zwinkels ◽

Marjolijn Ketelaar ◽

Femke Reijnders-van Son ◽

Tim Takken

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Manual Wheelchair ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

BackgroundFor children with cerebral palsy (CP) who are able to walk or run, the 10-m shuttle run test is currently the test of choice to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. This test, however, has not yet been examined in wheelchair-using youth with CP.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reproducibility and validity of the 10-m shuttle ride test (SRiT) in youth with CP.DesignRepeated measurements of the SRiT were obtained.MethodsTwenty-three individuals with spastic CP (18 boys, 5 girls; mean age=13.3 years, SD=3.6 years) using a manual wheelchair for at least part of the day participated in this study. During the study, all participants performed one graded arm exercise test (GAET) and 2 identical SRiTs within 2 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1), the smallest detectable difference, and the limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. The association between the results of the SRiT and GAET was tested using Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (.99, 95% confidence interval=.98–1.00) for all variables indicated highly acceptable reproducibility. The LOA analysis revealed satisfactory levels of agreement. The SRiT variables demonstrated strong, significant positive correlations for V̇o2peak values obtained during the SRiT and the GAET (r=.84, P<.01).LimitationsAlthough the GAET is considered the gold standard, the cardiorespiratory demand during the GAET was significantly lower compared with during the SRiT. Future studies should determine whether the GAET can still be accepted as the gold standard for upper-extremity exercise.ConclusionsThe SRiT is a reproducible and valid test for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in youth with spastic CP who self-propel a manual wheelchair.

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The Reliability and Validity of the Loadsol® under Various Walking and Running Conditions

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19020265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kristen Renner ◽

DS Williams ◽

Robin Queen

Keyword(s):

Reliable Method ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Single Sensor ◽

Force Data

The assessment of loading during walking and running has historically been limited to data collection in laboratory settings or with devices that require a computer connection. This study aims to determine if the loadsol®—a single sensor wireless insole—is a valid and reliable method of assessing force. Thirty (17 male and 13 female) recreationally active individuals were recruited for a two visit study where they walked (1.3 m/s) and ran (3.0 and 3.5 m/s) at a 0%, 10% incline, and 10% decline, with the visits approximately one week apart. Ground reaction force data was collected on an instrumented treadmill (1440 Hz) and with the loadsol® (100 Hz). Ten individuals completed the day 1 protocol with a newer 200 Hz loadsol®. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,k) were used to assess validity and reliability and Bland–Altman plots were generated to better understand loadsol® validity. Across conditions, the peak force ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.97, which increased to 0.84–0.99 with the 200 Hz insoles. Similarly, the loading rate ICCs improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.80–0.96 and impulse improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.90–0.97. The 200 Hz insoles may be needed for loading rate and impulse in running. For both walking and running, the loadsol® has excellent between-day reliability (>0.76).

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Influence of Radiographic Viewing Perspective on Glenoid Inclination Measurement

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty ◽

10.1177/2471549218824986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 247154921882498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter N Chalmers ◽

Thomas Suter ◽

Matthijs Jacxsens ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Chong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Viewing Angle ◽

Plain Radiographs ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

Viewing Perspective

Introduction The purposes of this study were to determine (1) whether glenoid inclination (GI) could be accurately measured on plain radiographs as compared to a gold-standard 3-dimensional (3D) measure and (2) whether GI could be reliably measured on plain radiographs. Materials and Methods Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were made from 3D computed tomography reconstructions of 68 normal cadaver scapulae. DRRs were made in a variety of viewing angles. Inclination was measured on these DRRs. These measurements were also made using a gold-standard 3D method. Measurements were made by 2 orthopedic surgeons and 1 surgeon twice, to calculate interrater and intrarater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results The gold-standard 3D β was 83 ± 5° (72°–98°). On neutral plain radiographs, the mean ± standard deviation 2D β angle was 80 ± 6° (range, 66°–99°). With regard to accuracy, the 2D β angle was significantly different from the 3D β angle, with the 2D β underestimating the 3D β by 5° (95% confidence intervals −1 to 12). With regard to reliability, interrater ICCs for 2D β with a neutral viewing angle was 0.79. Two-dimensional β varied widely with viewing angle from 0.24 to 0.88. Interrater ICCs for the 3D method was 0.83 (0.60–0.92). Intrarater ICCs for all 3 techniques were high (>0.91). Conclusions Two-dimensional radiographic GI measurement is not accurate, as it underestimates the 3D value by an average of 5° when compared to the gold-standard 3D measurement. GI 2D measurement reliability varies with viewing angle on plain radiographs and thus to accurately and reliably measure inclination 3D imaging is necessary.

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Development and Reliability and Validity Testing of an Audit Tool for Trail/Path Characteristics: The Path Environment Audit Tool (PEAT)

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s158 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (s1) ◽

pp. S158-S175 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Philip J. Troped ◽

Ellen K. Cromley ◽

Maren S. Fragala ◽

Steven J. Melly ◽

Hope H. Hasbrouck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Audit Tool ◽

Validity Testing ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Observer Reliability ◽

Acceptable Reliability

Background:To determine how trail characteristics may influence use, reliable and valid audit tools are needed.Methods:The Path Environment Audit Tool (PEAT) was developed with design, amenity, and aesthetics/maintenance items. Two observers independently audited 185 trail segments at 6 Massachusetts facilities. GPS-derived items were used as a “gold standard.” Kappa (k) statistics, observed agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess inter-observer reliability and validity.Results:Fifteen of 16 primary amenity items had k-values ≥ 0.49 (“moderate”) and all had observed agreement ≥ 81%. Seven binary design items had k-values ranging from 0.19 to 0.71 and three of 5 ordinal items had ICCs ≥ 0.52. Only two aesthetics/maintenance items (n = 7) had moderate ICCs. Observed agreement between PEAT and GPS items was ≥ 0.77; k-values were ≥ 0.57 for 7 out of 10 comparisons.Conclusions:PEAT has acceptable reliability for most of its primary items and appears ready for use by researchers and practitioners.

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Validity and Reliability of a New Inertial Device for Monitoring Range of Motion at the Pelvis during Sexual Intercourse

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2884 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José M. Oliva-Lozano ◽

Isabel Martín-Fuentes ◽

José M. Muyor

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Test Retest Reliability

To understand the physical demands of sexual intercourse, it is necessary to monitor the kinematic parameters of this activity using relatively non-invasive technology. The aims of this study are to analyze the validity and reliability of an inertial device for monitoring the range of motion at the pelvis during simulated intercourse and compare the range of motion (ROM). Twenty-six adults were monitored during intercourse using an inertial device (WIMU) and a motion capture system (gold standard) in a test that consisted of 4 sets of 20 simulated in–out cycles (IOC) in missionary and cowgirl positions. Men and women were tested separately in a laboratory setting for simulated intercourse aims. There were no differences between the WIMU and the gold standard system at fast pace (p > 0.05), whereas there were differences at slow pace (~2.04°; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.17). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the relationship between systems was very close to 1 at both paces (slow: 0.981; fast: 0.998). The test–retest reliability analysis did not show any difference between sets of measurements. In conclusion, WIMU could be considered as a valid and reliable device for IOC range of motion monitoring during sexual intercourse in missionary and cowgirl positions.

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A new segmentation algorithm for measuring CBCT images of nasal airway: a pilot study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chen Zhang ◽

Robin Bruggink ◽

Frank Baan ◽

Ewald Bronkhorst ◽

Thomas Maal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Nasal Airway ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Shell Models ◽

3D Printed ◽

Software Programs ◽

Equivalent Method

Background Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the nasal airway space is becoming increasingly important for assessment in breathing disorders. Processing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of this region is complicated, however, by the intricate anatomy of the sinuses compared to the simpler nasopharynx. A gold standard for these measures also is lacking. Previous work has shown that software programs can vary in accuracy and reproducibility outcomes of these measurements. This study reports the reproducibility and accuracy of an algorithm, airway segmentor (AS), designed for nasal airway space analysis using a 3D printed anthropomorphic nasal airway model. Methods To test reproducibility, two examiners independently used AS to edit and segment 10 nasal airway CBCT scans. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the nasal airway volume was evaluated using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. For accuracy testing, the CBCT data for pairs of nasal cavities were 3D printed to form hollow shell models. The water-equivalent method was used to calculate the inner volume as the gold standard, and the models were then embedded into a dry human skull as a phantom and subjected to CBCT. AS, along with the software programs MIMICS 19.0 and INVIVO 5, was applied to calculate the inner volume of the models from the CBCT scan of the phantom. The accuracy was reported as a percentage of the gold standard. Results The intra-examiner reproducibility was high, and the inter-examiner reproducibility was clinically acceptable. AS and MIMICS presented accurate volume calculations, while INVIVO 5 significantly overestimated the mockup of the nasal airway volume. Conclusion With the aid of a 3D printing technique, the new algorithm AS was found to be a clinically reliable and accurate tool for the segmentation and reconstruction of the nasal airway space.

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Interobserver Reliability Using the Phonetic Level Evaluation With Severely and Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Children

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3405.989 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 989-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stephanie Shaw ◽

Truman E. Coggins

Keyword(s):

Interrater Reliability ◽

Interobserver Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Assessment Measure ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Speech Assessment ◽

Hearing Impaired Children

This study examines whether observers reliably categorize selected speech production behaviors in hearing-impaired children. A group of experienced speech-language pathologists was trained to score the elicited imitations of 5 profoundly and 5 severely hearing-impaired subjects using the Phonetic Level Evaluation (Ling, 1976). Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Overall, the magnitude of the coefficients was found to be considerably below what would be accepted in published behavioral research. Failure to obtain acceptably high levels of reliability suggests that the Phonetic Level Evaluation may not yet be an accurate and objective speech assessment measure for hearing-impaired children.

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Is there a relationship between the overhead press and split jerk maximum performance? Influence of sex

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/17479541211020452 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174795412110204

Author(s):

Marcos A Soriano ◽

G Gregory Haff ◽

Paul Comfort ◽

Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽

Antonio Torres-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Intervals ◽

Body Mass ◽

Upper Limb ◽

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Training Experience ◽

Maximum Performance ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

The aims of this study were to (I) determine the differences and relationship between the overhead press and split jerk performance in athletes involved in weightlifting training, and (II) explore the magnitude of these differences in one-repetition maximum (1RM) performances between sexes. Sixty-one men (age: 30.4 ± 6.7 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.5 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.5 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.7 ± 3.5 yrs) and 21 women (age: 29.5 ± 5.2 yrs; height: 1.7 ± 0.5 m; body mass: 62.6 ± 5.7 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.0 ± 1.5 yrs) participated. The 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk were assessed for all participants, with the overhead press assessed on two occasions to determine between-session reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals showed a high reliability for the overhead press ICC = 0.98 (0.97 – 0.99). A very strong correlation and significant differences were found between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances for all participants (r = 0.90 [0.93 – 0.85], 60.2 ± 18.3 kg, 95.7 ± 29.3 kg, p ≤ 0.001). Men demonstrated stronger correlations between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances (r = 0.83 [0.73-0.90], p ≤ 0.001) compared with women (r = 0.56 [0.17-0.80], p = 0.008). These results provide evidence that 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk performance are highly related, highlighting the importance of upper-limb strength in the split jerk maximum performance.

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Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Translation and Validation of the Swedish Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index

Dysphagia ◽

10.1007/s00455-021-10277-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofie Albinsson ◽

Lisa Tuomi ◽

Christine Wennerås ◽

Helen Larsson

Keyword(s):

Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽

Activity Index ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Control Group ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Eortc Qlq

AbstractThe lack of a Swedish patient-reported outcome instrument for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has limited the assessment of the disease. The aims of the study were to translate and validate the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index (EEsAI) to Swedish and to assess the symptom severity of patients with EoE compared to a nondysphagia control group. The EEsAI was translated and adapted to a Swedish cultural context (S-EEsAI) based on international guidelines. The S-EEsAI was validated using adult Swedish patients with EoE (n = 97) and an age- and sex-matched nondysphagia control group (n = 97). All participants completed the S-EEsAI, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oesophageal Module 18 (EORTC QLQ-OES18), and supplementary questions regarding feasibility and demographics. Reliability and validity of the S-EEsAI were evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients between the domains of the S-EEsAI and the EORTC QLQ-OES18. A test–retest analysis of 29 patients was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients. The S-EEsAI had sufficient reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.83 and 0.85 for the “visual dysphagia question” and the “avoidance, modification and slow eating score” domains, respectively. The test–retest reliability was sufficient, with good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.60–0.89). The S-EEsAI domains showed moderate correlation to 6/10 EORTC QLQ-OES18 domains, indicating adequate validity. The patient S-EEsAI results differed significantly from those of the nondysphagia controls (p < 0.001). The S-EEsAI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for monitoring adult patients with EoE in Sweden.

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Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy using non-ECG-gated 15O-water PET

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology ◽

10.1007/s12350-021-02734-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jens Sörensen ◽

Jonny Nordström ◽

Tomasz Baron ◽

Stellan Mörner ◽

Sven-Olof Granstam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Method Development ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Concentric Hypertrophy ◽

2D Echocardiography ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Septal Wall Thickness

Abstract Aim To develop a method for diagnosing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy from cardiac perfusion 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET). Methods We retrospectively pooled data from 139 subjects in four research cohorts. LV remodeling patterns ranged from normal to severe eccentric and concentric hypertrophy. 15O-water PET scans (n = 197) were performed with three different PET devices. A low-end scanner (66 scans) was used for method development, and remaining scans with newer devices for a blinded evaluation. Dynamic data were converted into parametric images of perfusable tissue fraction for semi-automatic delineation of the LV wall and calculation of LV mass (LVM) and septal wall thickness (WT). LVM and WT from PET were compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR, n = 47) and WT to 2D-echocardiography (2DE, n = 36). PET accuracy was tested using linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, and ROC curves. Observer reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results High correlations were found in the blinded analyses (r ≥ 0.87, P < 0.0001 for all). AUC for detecting increased LVM and WT (> 12 mm and > 15 mm) was ≥ 0.95 (P < 0.0001 for all). Reproducibility was excellent (ICC ≥ 0.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusion 15O-water PET might detect LV hypertrophy with high accuracy and precision.

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