scholarly journals Pancreatic candidiasis in a cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110528
Author(s):  
Kelsey Renner ◽  
Sarah Hill ◽  
Alex Grinberg ◽  
Amy Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Pancreatic Infection ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Infected Cyst ◽  
Oral Itraconazole ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation

Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed Maine Coon cat was referred for assessment of hyporexia, weight loss, vomiting and diarrhoea. An abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged and hypoechoic pancreas containing two large fluid-filled structures. Fine-needle aspiration of the cyst-like structures was performed, and cytology revealed moderate-to-marked predominantly suppurative inflammation with yeast cells. Candida glabrata was cultured from the fluid. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole and the clinical signs resolved, although repeat abdominal ultrasound and cytology revealed persistence of the infected cyst-like structures. The patient remained asymptomatic for 8 months after the discontinuation of antifungal medications, despite the persistence of the pancreatic infection with C glabrata. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of pancreatic infection with Candida species in a cat, followed by a chronic subclinical infection persisting for at least 8 months after treatment discontinuation.

scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma in Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Das Chagas Goulart ◽  
Felipe Jacques Sanches ◽  
Natalie Bertelis Merlini ◽  
Barbara Cristina Mazzucatto ◽  
Beatriz Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Unknown Etiology

Background: Histiocytic sarcoma can present in a localized or disseminated form, being a malignant neoplasm derived from interstitial dendritic cells. Another form of the disease is called hemophagocytic histiocystic sarcoma (HHS), which originates from macrophages located in the splenic red pulp and bone marrow. HHS is a rare neoplasm with unknown etiology and rapid development. It mainly affects middle-aged to elderly animals. It primarily affects the spleen and bone marrow, with occurence of metastases in other organs. Some canine breeds are considered more predisposed to this neoplasia, among them the Rottweiler. The aim of this study was to report a case of HHS in a Rottweiler dog.Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler suffering from hyporexia and progressive weight loss for a month was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maringá. On physical examination, he only presented mild discomfort on abdominal palpation. Blood count was performed, which revealed mild thrombocytopenia (145,000/µL, reference value for the species 150,000-500,000/µL). The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) exam was requested for babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, due to a history of ectoparasites. The animal was released with the prescription of Doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally for 28 days. After 5 days, the condition worsened and the animal returned with emesis, apathy and hyporexia, being hospitalized. Abdominal ultrasound, blood count, urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine tests were requested. Among the hematological changes, thrombocytopenia (116,000/µL) and the appearing of regenerative anemia and atypical round cells with ample and slightly basophilic cytoplasm in the smear, similar to histiocytes, stood out. On ultrasound examination, splenomegaly was observed with hypoechogenic areas. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the spleen was performed, which revealed the presence of abundant cellularity consisting of round cells arranged individually and in small groups, with variable nucleus / cytoplasm ratio, slightly basophilic cytoplasm and, sometimes, vacuolized. Eccentric nucleus with chromatin ranging from loose to dense, with evident and often multiple nucleus. In addition, a large number of multinucleated giant cells, mitosis figures (sometimes atypical) and intense anisocytosis and anisocariosis were observed. Furthermore, it was possible to observe erythrophagocytic activity, alterations compatible with histiocytic sarcoma (HS). After 10 days of the first visit, the animal died. At necropsy, samples from altered areas of the spleen, lungs and lymph nodes were collected and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, in which the diagnosis of hemophagic histiocytic sarcoma was confirmed, in addition to lungs and lymph node metastasis.Discussion: The prognosis of HHS is the worst among histiocytic disorders, as it is associated with coagulopathies and severe anemia due to erythrophagocytic activity, as occurred in the case presented, with a maximum survival time between one to two months. The described animal died ten days after showing the first clinical signs. The immunohistochemistry technique using HLA-DR, CD18, CD163, and CD11d markers was essential to confirm the cell line. Positivity for CD11d marker was found, which allowed to classify the neoplasm as hemophagocytic HS. This report exposes the importance of cytological examination for screening and histopathological and immunohistochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis of this extremely aggressive neoplasm.

scholarly journals Feline Prostatic Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires De Oliveira ◽  
Brunna De Souza Barni ◽  
Lucas Antonio Heinen Schuster ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Gerardi ◽  
Emerson Antonio Contesini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background: Prostatic cancer is a rare condition in cats but should be included as a differential diagnosis whenever middle-aged cats present lower urinary tract signs, such as dysuria and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound can indicate the disease, but fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology are necessary to establish the neoplastic origin and the therapeutic plan. Because of the limited data, no standard-of-care treatment or prognostic information exists in cats with prostate carcinoma. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical approach in a case of prostatic carcinoma in a cat. Case: A 6-year-old, intact male, domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 3-day history of dysuria, hematuria, inappetence, constipation, lethargy and prostration. On physical examination, the cat was in a very poor general condition and abdominal palpation revealed firm mass located caudally to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder presented high repletion degree, while the large bowel was distended and presented soft faecal content. Blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and high serum creatinine level, and severe hematuria, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mass located in the prostatic area with hypoechogenic and slightly heterogeneous parenchyma, measuring 3.3 x 3.0 cm. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine-needle aspiration of the prostate was performed. Microscopically, the cells were round with basophilic cytoplasm, and had round to ovoid nuclei, dense chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Some cells were binucleated and mild anisocytosis and marked anisokaryosis were documented. These findings were compatible with malignant prostatic neoplasia. After initial clinical stabilization, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for tumor resection. Cystotomy followed by pubic osteotomy was performed to access the tumor. Urethral anastomosis was necessary due to adherence of the neoplasm to adjacent structures. However, the patient died during the immediate postoperative period. No complications related to surgery were observed at necropsy. Tissue specimens were collected and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Prostatic carcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry tests using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, and primary antibodies against vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and 7. Discussion: Prostatic neoplams are rare in cats and clinical signs are suggestive of lower urinary tract disease, such as dysuria and/or hematuria, associated with tenesmus. Abdominal or rectal palpation seems to be essential to detect the prostatic enlargement. Ultrasound imaging was more sensitive than radiography, since it brings more information about structure, size, form and prostatic internal architecture. The patient’s serum creatinine value above the normal range for cats indicated partial urethral obstruction, due to neoplastic concentric growth. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine needle aspiration cytology was an effective method to confirm neoplastic etiology. The advanced stage of the disease and poor clinical condition probably contributed to death at the immediate postoperative period, even though the surgical technique seemed to be appropriate as demonstrated at necropsy. Also, the immunohistochemistry tests allowed to confirm the diagnosis and excluded the main differential diagnoses, such as urothelial carcinoma and prostatic sarcomatoid carcinoma.

scholarly journals Tumor venéreo transmisible canino de presentación atípica

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Crossley ◽  
Johana Alejandra Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Ophthalmic Ointment ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation ◽  
Irregular Mass ◽  
Rule Out

An 8 years old, intact male, boxer was presented at the Santo Tomas Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of a volume increase in his right eye of 2 months of duration; which didn´t respond to oral prednisone (0,7 mg/kg, BID), or dexamethasone and tobramycin in ophthalmic ointment (1 drop, TID). On physical exam, a mass in the third eyelid and another on the base of the penis were noted. Cytology of the mass near the genital area showed cells compatible with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Besides that, ocular ultrasonography showed an irregular mass with neoplastic characteristics in the medial area of the eyeball and abdominal ultrasound indicated a mass dorsal to the bladder. Fine needle aspiration of the eye and abdomen masses were done under sedation; cytology of the tumor in the abdomen indicated TVT and in the eye the results were suppurative inflammation, necrosis and epithelial dysplasia. Neoplasia couldn´t  be rule out or confirmed. Initial treatment included vincristine (8 cycles, 0,7 mg/m²) obtaining a parcial remission; so considering a possible resistance of the cells to this drug, doxorrubicin (30 mg/m²) was used. The patient had a positive response to doxorrubicin achieving complete remission with a single aplication.

scholarly journals Clinical improvement of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after challenging course and 6 months of total parenteral nutrition in child with nephronophthisis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammed AlZabali ◽  
Abdulkarim AlAnazi ◽  
Khawla A. Rahim ◽  
Hassan Y. Faqeehi
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Bowel Perforation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter ◽  
Refractory Peritonitis

Abstract Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but potentially lethal complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis varies worldwide, but is increased in patients maintained on peritoneal dialysis for 5–8 years. The etiology of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis remains unidentified, and a high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis. Case presentation We report a 5-year-old Saudi female with end-stage renal disease secondary to nephronophthisis type 2. She underwent peritoneal dialysis for 30 months, with four episodes of peritonitis. She presented with clinical signs of peritonitis. Three days later, she developed septic shock, which required pediatric intensive care unit admission. The peritoneal dialysis catheter was removed because of refractory peritonitis. Her course was complicated by small bowel perforation, and severe adhesions were revealed on abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, consistent with a diagnosis of EPS. This finding was later confirmed by diagnostic laparotomy performed twice and complicated by recurrent abdominal wall fistula. She received total parenteral nutrition for 6 months and several courses of antibiotics. The patient received supportive treatment including nutritional optimization and treatment for infection. No other treatments, such as immunosuppression, were administered to avoid risk of infection. Following a complicated hospital course, the patient restarted oral intake after 6 months of total parenteral nutrition dependency. Her abdominal fistula resolved completely, and she was maintained on hemodialysis for few years before she received a kidney transplant. Conclusion When treating patients using peritoneal dialysis, it is important to consider encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis with refractory peritonitis, which is not always easy to identify, particularly if the patient has been maintained on peritoneal dialysis for less than 3 years. Early identification of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and appropriate conservative treatment, including nutritional optimization and treatment of infections, are essential to achieve a better prognosis.

Serum cobalamin concentrations and small intestinal ultrasound changes in 75 cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease: a retrospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Jugan ◽  
John R August
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Small Intestinal

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic changes in the small intestine of cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and low or low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations. Methods Records for client-owned cats presenting to the small animal hospital with signs of gastrointestinal disease and in which serum cobalamin concentrations were measured from 2000–2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l, abdominal ultrasound within 1 month of cobalamin testing and definitive diagnosis. Results Of 751 serum cobalamin measurements, hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin was identified in 270 cats, abdominal ultrasound was performed in 207 of those cats and a diagnosis was available for 75 of them. Small intestinal ultrasound changes were detected in 49/75 (65%) cats. Abnormalities included thickening, loss of wall layer definition, echogenicity alterations and discrete masses. Serum cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l were observed with diagnoses of inflammatory disease, neoplasia, infectious disease and normal histopathology. Cobalamin concentration was significantly lower in cats with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease compared with other gastrointestinal neoplasia ( P = 0.031). No difference was found between cobalamin concentration and the presence of ultrasound abnormalities, specific ultrasound changes or albumin concentration. Conclusions and relevance One-third of symptomatic cats with hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin concentrations may have an ultrasonographically normal small intestine. For the majority of cats in this study, histopathologic abnormalities were observed in the small intestine, regardless of ultrasound changes. These findings suggest gastrointestinal disease should not be excluded based on low–normal cobalamin concentrations, even with a concurrent normal ultrasound examination. Additional studies are needed in cats with low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations, as a definitive diagnosis was not pursued consistently in those cats. However, data from this study suggest that careful monitoring, histopathologic evaluation and future cobalamin supplementation may be warranted.

scholarly journals Acute upper airway obstruction as a life-threatening complication of ventral bulla osteotomy: report of two consecutive cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511692110059
Author(s):  
Michal Vlasin ◽  
Richard Artingstall ◽  
Barbora Mala
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Inflammatory Polyp ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Threatening

Case summary This paper presents two cases of acute postoperative upper airway obstruction following ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) in cats. The first cat underwent a unilateral left-sided VBO for a suspected inflammatory polyp. The second cat underwent a single-session bilateral VBO procedure for bilateral otitis media. In the first case, immediate re-intubation and a gradual lightening of the anaesthetic plane resolved the clinical signs; in the second case, the patient deteriorated and went into acute cardiorespiratory arrest and received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Both patients recovered well and were discharged home 3 days after surgery. Both cases were reported to show no further clinical signs on postoperative follow-up 3 weeks and 4 months after surgery, respectively. Relevance and novel information Upper airway obstruction should be regarded as a potential complication of VBO in cats.

Phlegmonous gastritis in 2 yearling horses

2022 ◽  
pp. 104063872110650
Author(s):  
Julie B. Engiles ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Mauricio A. Navarro ◽  
Virginia B. Reef ◽  
Susan J. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
Phlegmonous Gastritis ◽  
History Of

Phlegmonous gastritis was diagnosed in 2 yearling fillies that were presented with a 1-wk history of fever, lethargy, and hypoproteinemia, associated with a previous diagnosis of equine proliferative enteropathy based on clinical signs and PCR assay detection of Lawsonia intracellularis in fecal samples. Abdominal ultrasound revealed enlargement of the stomach and expansion of its submucosal layer with hypoechoic fluid, as well as thickened hypomotile small intestinal segments. Given the poor prognosis and poor response to treatment, both horses were euthanized, one on the day of presentation and the other after 3 wk of intensive medical management including a combination of antimicrobials, analgesics, and intravenous colloids. At autopsy, acute mural gastritis characterized by severe submucosal edema with suppurative inflammation (i.e., phlegmonous gastritis) and necroulcerative enteritis compatible with the necrotizing form of equine proliferative enteropathy were identified in both horses. The gastric inflammation was associated with thrombosis and mixed bacterial populations, including Clostridium perfringens, that were confined to the submucosa without evidence of mucosal involvement; toxin genes compatible with C. perfringens type C were identified in one case. Human phlegmonous gastritis is an uncommon, often-fatal pyogenic infection that is often associated with mucosal injury, bacteremia, or immunocompromise. Our finding of this unusual gastric lesion in 2 horses with similar signalment, clinical disease, and spectrum of postmortem lesions suggests a similar etiopathogenesis that possibly involves local, regional, or distant hematogenous origin, and should be considered a potential complication of gastrointestinal mucosal compromise in horses.

scholarly journals Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Dequéant ◽  
Quentin Pascal ◽  
Héloïse Bilbault ◽  
Elie Dagher ◽  
Maria-Laura Boschiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Mycobacterium Genavense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

A 6-y-old neutered male ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) was presented because of a 1-mo history of progressive weight loss, chronic cough, and hair loss. On clinical examination, the animal was coughing, slightly depressed, moderately hypothermic, and had bilateral epiphora. Thoracic radiography was suggestive of severe multinodular interstitial pneumonia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, followed by routine Romanowsky and Ziehl–Neelsen stains, revealed numerous macrophages containing myriad acid-fast bacilli, leading to identification of mycobacteriosis. Autopsy and histologic examination confirmed the presence of disseminated, poorly defined, acid-fast, bacilli-rich granulomas in the pancreaticoduodenal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and lungs. Destaining of May-Grünwald/Giemsa–stained slides with alcohol, and then restaining with Ziehl–Neelsen, revealed acid-fast rods and avoided repeat tissue sampling without affecting the Ziehl–Neelsen stain quality and cytologic features. Tissue samples were submitted for a PCR assay targeting the heat shock protein gene ( hsp65) and revealed 100% homology with Mycobacterium genavense. We emphasize the use of special stains and PCR for identification of this potential zoonotic agent.

Intestinal lymphoma in a Boxer breed dog – case report

2019 ◽  
Vol XXIV (142) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Sayonara da Luz Ferro ◽  
Fernanda Jönck ◽  
Marta Cristina T. Heckler ◽  
Ewerton Cardoso ◽  
Mateus Rychescki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Intestinal Lymphoma ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Tissue Biopsy

Intestinal lymphoma is the second most common form of lymphoma in dogs. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract or mesenteric lymph nodes. The chief clinical signs are vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. The diagnosis is made through fine needle aspiration and cytology, or by tissue biopsy and histopathology, and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma in a five years old Boxer, presented with history of hematochezia and lethargy of 7 days duration, and 20 days of anorexia and persistent weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and an intestinal mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a tissue biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, but the patient died during the surgical procedure.

scholarly journals Presumed immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with pregnancy in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691984168
Author(s):  
Matthew A Kopke ◽  
Sarah Pemberton ◽  
Craig G Ruaux
Keyword(s):  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Large Uterus ◽  
Saline Test

Case summary A 7-year-old female entire Birman presented with acute-onset haemorrhagic vulvar discharge. Moderate, normocytic, normochromic, non-/pre-regenerative anaemia, along with a moderate mature neutrophilia, were seen on haematology. Saline test for agglutination was positive. No haemotropic mycoplasmas were identified. Serum biochemistry revealed severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Retroviral testing was negative. Serology for toxoplasmosis revealed a titre of 1:512. Abdominal ultrasound identified a large uterus, containing at least three advanced-stage fetuses, two of which failed to exhibit independent motion or cardiac activity. Ovariohysterectomy was performed. Histology demonstrated mild, multifocal suppurative placentitis, with Gram staining revealing no evidence of bacteria. Complete resolution of the anaemia was seen within 1.5 months of ovariohysterectomy. Relevance and novel information Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in association with pregnancy has not been previously reported in cats. This case represents a potential novel cause for IMHA in cats, which resolved following ovariohysterectomy.

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