Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret

A 6-y-old neutered male ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) was presented because of a 1-mo history of progressive weight loss, chronic cough, and hair loss. On clinical examination, the animal was coughing, slightly depressed, moderately hypothermic, and had bilateral epiphora. Thoracic radiography was suggestive of severe multinodular interstitial pneumonia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, followed by routine Romanowsky and Ziehl–Neelsen stains, revealed numerous macrophages containing myriad acid-fast bacilli, leading to identification of mycobacteriosis. Autopsy and histologic examination confirmed the presence of disseminated, poorly defined, acid-fast, bacilli-rich granulomas in the pancreaticoduodenal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and lungs. Destaining of May-Grünwald/Giemsa–stained slides with alcohol, and then restaining with Ziehl–Neelsen, revealed acid-fast rods and avoided repeat tissue sampling without affecting the Ziehl–Neelsen stain quality and cytologic features. Tissue samples were submitted for a PCR assay targeting the heat shock protein gene ( hsp65) and revealed 100% homology with Mycobacterium genavense. We emphasize the use of special stains and PCR for identification of this potential zoonotic agent.

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Imported Canine leishmaniasis in Romania: a Case Report

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:002317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Gina Corina TOMA ◽

Marian TAULESCU ◽

Viorica MIRCEAN ◽

Angela Monica IONICĂ ◽

Roxana CORA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Case Reports ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Canine Leishmaniasis ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

History Of ◽

Progressive Weight Loss

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease considered endemic in the Mediterranean region. Romania is traditionally regarded as a non-endemic country.Considering the zoonotic character of the disease, this study aims to increase the knowledge on diagnostic aspects of CanL.A 2-year-old, mix breed male dog, recently returned from Italy had a history of progressive weight loss and skin lesions. The clinical examination was followed by hematology and serum biochemistry, fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes, impression smears, VetExpert® rapid test Leishmania Ab, and PCR. The clinical examination revealed muscle atrophy, non-pruritic crusting dermatitis, ulcers, and lymphadenopathy. Hematology showed severe anemia. The serum biochemistry revealed hyperproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia. Cytological exams evidenced the intracellular amastigotes in macrophages, confirmed by rapid test and PCR.In Romania, under the light of the new case reports, leishmaniasis should be reconsidered from both veterinary and public health perspective.

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Evaluation and Treatment of a Posttraumatic Intrahepatic Biloma in a Dog

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/jaaha-ms-5710 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 64-66

Author(s):

Christina Soultani ◽

Michail Patsikas ◽

Mathios Mylonakis ◽

Lysimachos Papazoglou ◽

Paraskevi L. Papadopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Percutaneous Catheter Drainage ◽

Catheter Drainage ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Percutaneous Catheter ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

History Of ◽

Ultrasonographic Guidance ◽

Chronic Vomiting

A 9 mo old male mixed-breed dog was presented with a history of chronic vomiting and fever after undergoing a cholecystectomy for the management of traumatic cystic duct rupture associated with biliary effusion 10 days before referral. A 6 cm × 6 cm intrahepatic bile collection, a biloma, was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. The biloma was treated with percutaneous catheter drainage under ultrasonographic guidance. Two years after aspiration, the dog continued to do well.

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Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma in a White African Lioness (Panthera leo)

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8080154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Louise van der Weyden ◽

Peter Caldwell ◽

Liesl van Rooyen ◽

Emily P. Mitchell ◽

Nicolize O’Dell

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cutaneous Melanoma ◽

Lymphovascular Invasion ◽

Exploratory Laparotomy ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Panthera Leo ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Distended Abdomen ◽

History Of

Malignant melanomas tend to be locally destructive, aggressive tumours commonly associated with recurrence and/or metastasis. In this report, a 13-year-old captive white African lioness (Panthera leo), with a recent history of intermittent bouts of lethargy and inappetence, presented with a distended abdomen (due to ascites) and a small, round crusty lesion on the ear. An abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of masses on the liver and an exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple pale lesions on the liver and omentum. Histopathology revealed sheets of pleomorphic neoplastic cells compressing the non-neoplastic liver tissue. Similar neoplastic cells had multifocally expanded and effaced omentum adipose tissue, as well as formed a well-circumscribed mass in the ear sample, extending from close to the epidermis to the lateral and deep margins of the section. All three tissue samples had a high mitotic index (15 per 10 HPF), and critically, in the ear sample, there were rafts of neoplastic cells in the lymphatics, indicating lymphovascular invasion. Immunohistochemistry for the melanoma marker, PNL-2, showed strong positivity in all three tissue samples. Thus, the diagnosis was of malignant melanoma with metastasis to the liver and omentum. This is the first report of metastatic cutaneous melanoma in a lion.

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Generalized Nodular Dermatofibrosis in the Absence of Renal Neoplasia in an Australian Cattle Dog

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.45-6-901 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 901-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. W. Gardiner ◽

T. R. Spraker

Keyword(s):

Left Kidney ◽

Renal Cysts ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Appendicular Skeleton ◽

Subcutaneous Nodules ◽

History Of ◽

Subcutaneous Tissues ◽

The Right ◽

Renal Neoplasia

A 13-year-old, spayed, female Australian Cattle Dog had at least a 10-year history of numerous subcutaneous nodules for which fine-needle aspiration and cytologic evaluation were nondiagnostic. Abdominal ultrasound 3.5 months before necropsy detected a small left kidney but no cysts or neoplasms. At gross necropsy, innumerable, firm, round to oval, white, 0.25 to 2 cm masses were detected throughout the subcutaneous tissues of the axial and appendicular skeleton, epimysium of numerous muscles, and parietal peritoneum of the lateral abdominal body wall. The left kidney was approximately half the size of the right, and there was severe bilateral renal medullary (papillary) necrosis. Histologically, the subcutaneous nodules were well-demarcated masses of mature, hypocellular collagen that were consistent with previous reports of nodular dermatofibrosis and renal cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas. In addition to diffuse acute medullary necrosis, both kidneys were affected by severe chronic lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis. This is the first known report of nodular dermatofibrosis in a dog without renal cysts, cystadenoma, or cystadenocarcinoma.

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Unusual Tissue – Unusual Issue: Pancreatic Heterotopia Presenting as Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000512427 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 338-343

Author(s):

Thu L. Nguyen ◽

Shivani Kapur ◽

Stephen C. Schlack-Haerer ◽

Grzegorz T. Gurda ◽

Milan E. Folkers

Keyword(s):

Gastric Outlet Obstruction ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Outlet Obstruction ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Cystic Mass ◽

Pancreatic Heterotopia ◽

History Of

Pancreatic heterotopia (PH) is a common, but typically small (<1 cm), incidental and asymptomatic finding; however, PH should be considered even for large and symptomatic upper gastrointestinal masses. A 27-year-old white woman presented with a 3-week history of burning epigastric pain, nausea, early satiety, and constipation. Physical examination revealed epigastric and right upper quadrant tenderness with normal laboratory workup, but imaging revealed a 5-cm, partly cystic mass arising from the gastric antrum with resulting pyloric stenosis and partial gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration revealed PH – an anomalous pancreatic tissue lying in a nonphysiological site. The patient ultimately underwent a resection and recovered uneventfully, with a complete pathologic examination revealing normal exocrine pancreatic tissue (PH type 2) without malignant transformation. We report a case of heterotopic pancreas manifesting as severe gastric outlet obstruction, in addition to a thorough diagnostic workup and surgical follow-up, in a young adult. Differential diagnoses and features that speak to benignity of a large, symptomatic mass lesion (PH in particular) are discussed.

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Acid-fast bacilli smear test of a blood culture sample for the diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection: A case report

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420972224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 483-485

Author(s):

Yo Murata ◽

Nobuaki Mori ◽

Narito Kagawa ◽

Kentaro Okuma ◽

Shinji Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Nontuberculous Mycobacterium ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Smear Test ◽

Acid Fast Bacilli ◽

Mycobacterium Genavense ◽

Old Japanese ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients

Mycobacterium genavense, a nontuberculous Mycobacterium, is found in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in those with HIV. Mycobacterium genavense incubation under standard culture conditions is difficult, and its identification is challenging using routine culture methods. Herein, we report the case of a 40-year-old Japanese man with HIV presenting with disseminated M. genavense infection. An analysis using an automated blood culture system did not show positive signals during 6 weeks of incubation. However, an acid-fast bacilli smear of his blood sample was positive for the bacterium. Mycobacterium genavense was identified using sequencing analysis, targeting the heat shock protein 65 gene. The patient recovered from the infection, following antibiotic therapy for 18 months. Under suspicion of disseminated M. genavense infection and the absence of bacterial growth in blood culture samples, an acid-fast bacilli smear test of the sample may be useful for timely diagnosis.

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Reactivation of BK Polyomavirus in Urine Cytology Is Not Associated with Urothelial Cell Carcinoma

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12121412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1412

Author(s):

Faisal Klufah ◽

Ghalib Mobaraki ◽

Axel zur Hausen ◽

Iryna V. Samarska

Keyword(s):

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Urine Cytology ◽

Urothelial Cell ◽

The Other ◽

Urothelial Cell Carcinoma ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Bk Polyomavirus ◽

Ffpe Tissues ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

History Of

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) has been associated with some high-grade and special urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) subtypes in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we evaluated the relationship of BKPyV-positive urine cytology specimens (UCS) with UCC. A large single-institution database was retrospectively searched for UCS positive for decoy cells, suggesting BKPyV infection. These were tested for the presence of BKPyV by PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in urine sediments and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of UCC. Decoy cells were reported in 30 patients out of the database with 22.867 UCS. Of these 30 patients, 16 (53.3%) had no history of UCC. Six patients out of these 16 had a history of transplantation, 4 had a history of severe chronic medical conditions, and 6 had no chronic disease. The other fourteen patients were diagnosed with either in situ or invasive UCC of the urinary bladder (14/30; 46.6%) prior to the detection of decoy cells in the urine. Nine of these UCC patients received intravesical treatment (BCG or mitomycin) after the first presentation with UCC. However, the clinical data on the treatment of the other five UCC patients was lacking. IHC identified BKPyV-positivity in the urine samples of non-UCC and UCC patients, while no BKPyV positivity was found in FFPE tissues of primary UCCs and metastases. In addition, BKPyV-PCR results revealed the presence of BKPyV DNA in the urine of the UCC cases, yet none in the UCC tissues itself. These data strongly indicate that BKPyV reactivation is not restricted to immunosuppression. It can be found in UCS of the immunocompetent patients and may be related to the intravesical BCG or mitomycin treatment of the UCC patients.

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A prevalence study of bovine tuberculosis by using abattoir meat inspection and tuberculin skin testing data, histopathological and IS6110PCR examination of tissues with tuberculous lesions in cattle inEthiopia

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5585-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 512-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shitaye JE ◽

B. Getahun ◽

T. Alemayehu ◽

M. Skoric ◽

F. Treml ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Granulomatous Inflammation ◽

Work Load ◽

Meat Inspection ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Tissue Samples

Post mortem surveillances, for the detection of tuberculous lesions in particular depend on the work load time and the diligence of the inspector conducting the examination. The first aim of the study was to determine the trend of occurrence of tuberculous lesions in two abattoirs in Addis Ababa and Debre-Zeit (Ethiopia). The second aim of the study was to determine prevalence of the tuberculin skin test results in 10 dairy farm areas in Addis Ababa. The third aim was to detect tuberculous lesions and causal agents from tissue samples of the respiratory tract and mesenteric lymph nodes of the slaughtered cattle. The ten year (1996–2005) retrospective analysis of the meat inspection of 2 455 289 slaughtered animals showed that 707 (0.028%) were found with tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs of which were 699 (0.052%) of 1 336 266 cattle, 4 (0.001%) of 534 436 sheep, 3 (0.001%) of 573 767 goats and 1 (0.009%) of 10 820 pigs. The tuberculous lesions found in cattle were statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) than in other animals. The bovine tuberculin skin tests were conducted in Addis Ababa in 10 farm areas in 85 dairy farms having 2 098 cattle. Positive reactions were obtained from 9 farm areas in 41 (48%) herds which included 392 (19%) of the animals. In a current study, tuberculous lesions were found in 34 (3.5%) animals by the meat inspection surveillance of 984 cattle. Histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation was evident in 3 (8.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions. A highly sensitive PCR (IS6110) was positive in 4 of 34 (11.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions and in 1 (2.9%) of animal without lesions. The analyzed data and these study findings indicated that tuberculosis in cattle is an existing problem inEthiopia which needs to be solved.

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Extraintestinal Spread and Replication of a Homologous EC Rotavirus Strain and a Heterologous Rhesus Rotavirus in BALB/c Mice

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02664-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 80 (11) ◽

pp. 5219-5232 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

M. Fenaux ◽

M. A. Cuadras ◽

N. Feng ◽

M. Jaimes ◽

H. B. Greenberg

Keyword(s):

Nonstructural Protein ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Newborn Mice ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Copy Numbers ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Nasal Secretions

ABSTRACT Although rotavirus infection has generally been felt to be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, over the last two decades there have been sporadic reports of children with acute or fatal cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis testing positive for rotavirus antigen and/or nucleic acid in various extraintestinal locations such as serum, liver, kidney, bladder, testes, nasal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and the central nervous system. Recently, studies in animals and people have demonstrated that rotavirus antigenemia is a common event during natural infection. In this study, we extend these observations and compare the intestinal and extraintestinal spread of wild-type homologous murine rotavirus EC and a heterologous strain, rhesus rotavirus (RRV), in newborn mice. A strand-specific quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (ssQRT-PCR) assay was used to quantify the ability of different rotavirus strains to spread and replicate extraintestinally. Both strain EC and RRV were detected extraintestinally in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, lungs, blood, and kidneys. Extraintestinal replication, as measured by ssQRT-PCR, was most prominent in the MLN and occurred to a lesser degree in the livers, kidneys, and lungs. In the MLN, strain EC and RRV had similar (P < 0.05) RNA copy numbers, although EC was present at a 10,000-fold excess over RRV in the small intestine. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) and/or assembled triple-layered particles, indicated by immunostaining with the VP7 conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody 159, were detected in the MLN, lungs, and livers of EC- and RRV-inoculated mice, confirming the ssQRT-PCR findings. Infectious RRV was detected in the MLN in quantities exceeding the amount present in the small intestines or blood. The cells in the MLN that supported rotavirus replication included dendritic cells and potentially B cells and macrophages. These data indicate that extraintestinal spread and replication occurs commonly during homologous and some heterologous rotaviral infections; that the substantial host range restrictions for rhesus rotavirus, a heterologous strain present in the intestine, are not necessarily apparent at systemic sites; that the level and location of extraintestinal replication varies between strains; that replication can occur in several leukocytes subsets; and that extraintestinal replication is likely a part of the normal pathogenic sequence of homologous rotavirus infection.

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Persistently raised aspartate aminotransferase (AST) due to macro-AST in a rheumatology clinic

Diagnosis ◽

10.1515/dx-2014-0065 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wycliffe Mbagaya ◽

Joanne Foo ◽

Ahai Luvai ◽

Claire King ◽

Sarah Mapplebeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Analytical Investigation ◽

Normal Liver Function ◽

Rheumatology Clinic ◽

History Of ◽

Liver Biopsies

AbstractMacrocomplexes between immunoglobins and aspartate aminotransferase (macro-AST) may result in persistently increased AST concentration. The presence of macro-AST in patients has been implicated in unnecessary investigations of abnormal liver function tests. We report the case of a 44-year-old female who presented to the rheumatology clinic with a 12-months’ history of constant widespread pain affecting her limbs and was found to have an elevated AST concentration. Further information from her GP revealed a 14-years’ history of elevated AST with otherwise normal liver function. Previous abdominal ultrasound and two liver biopsies carried out 2 years apart were normal. This prompted further analytical investigation by the biochemistry department which identified macro-AST as the cause. This case illustrates that persistently raised isolated AST concentration with no other abnormal indices may warrant macroenzyme analysis potentially avoiding unnecessary invasive investigations.

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