scholarly journals The relationship between rhinovirus infection and acute wheezing in young children with recurrent wheezing

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921881867
Author(s):  
Wen-Jing Zhu ◽  
Chuan-He Liu ◽  
Lin-Qing Zhao ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Li Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Aspirate ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in childhood. The present study aims to assess the association between rhinovirus (RV) infection and acute wheezing in the occurrence of recurrent wheezing in 5-year old and younger children. A total of 109 children with recurrent wheezing and 70 children without wheezing (controls) were recruited from October 2013 to March 2015. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from all children. RV, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and bocavirus (BoV) were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus (IV), and adenoviruses (ADV) were confirmed by detection of viral antigens via fluoroimmunoassay. Viral infection was more commonly detected in children with recurrent wheezing than in controls (odds ratio (OR): 6.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.89–12.87). RV and RSV were found in both wheezing children and controls. However, RV was detected more in wheezing children than in controls (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.37–6.90), followed by RSV (OR: 5.33; 95% CI: 1.53–18.62). Furthermore, RV more tended to infect wheezing children after infancy. Compared with children infected with other viruses, higher levels of eosinophil were found in wheezing children with RV infection ( P < 0.05). RV was the main pathogen that induced exacerbation in young children with recurrent wheezing. Furthermore, the rate of RV infection was higher in children above 1 year old. RV infection might be associated with high levels of eosinophil.

scholarly journals Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, conventional cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexanda Dias Reis ◽  
Maria Cristina Domingues Fink ◽  
Clarisse Martins Machado ◽  
José de Paula Paz Jr. ◽  
Renato Reis Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Aspirate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Conventional Cell

A total of 316 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate from infants up to two years of age with acute respiratory-tract illnesses were processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using three different techniques: viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence, and PCR. Of the samples, 36 (11.4%) were positive for RSV, considering the three techniques. PCR was the most sensitive technique, providing positive findings in 35/316 (11.1%) of the samples, followed by direct immunofluorescence (25/316, 7.9%) and viral isolation (20/315, 6.3%) (p < 0.001). A sample was positive by immunofluorescence and negative by PCR, and 11 (31.4%) were positive only by RT-PCR. We conclude that RT-PCR is more sensitive than IF and viral isolation to detect RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens in newborn and infants.

scholarly journals Effects of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antigen Insertion in Two 3′ Proximal Genome Positions of Bovine/Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 on Virus Replication and Immunogenicity

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 10819-10828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick S. Tang ◽  
Jeanne H. Schickli ◽  
Mia MacPhail ◽  
Fiona Fernandes ◽  
Leenas Bicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT A live attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), harboring the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of human PIV3, was used as a virus vector to express surface glycoproteins derived from two human pathogens, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV and hMPV are both paramyxoviruses that cause respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV has been known for decades to cause acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children, which often result in hospitalization, while hMPV has only been recently identified as a novel human respiratory pathogen. In this study, the ability of bovine/human PIV3 to express three different foreign transmembrane surface glycoproteins and to induce a protective immune response was evaluated. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of paramyxoviruses binds to a single site at the 3′ end of the viral RNA genome to initiate transcription of viral genes. The genome position of the viral gene determines its level of gene expression. The promoter-proximal gene is transcribed with the highest frequency, and each downstream gene is transcribed less often due to attenuation of transcription at each gene junction. This feature of paramyxoviruses was exploited using the PIV3 vector by inserting the foreign viral genes at the 3′ terminus, at position 1 or 2, of the viral RNA genome. These locations were expected to yield high levels of foreign viral protein expression stimulating a protective immune response. The immunogenicity and protection results obtained with a hamster model showed that bovine/human PIV3 can be employed to generate bivalent PIV3/RSV or PIV3/hMPV vaccine candidates that will be further evaluated for safety and efficacy in primates.

scholarly journals Bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and recurrent wheezing: what is the relationship?

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Brito Fonseca ◽  
Sandra Grisi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Airway Mucosa ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Irritant Receptors

Various follow-up studies of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus have demonstrated that a significant proportion of infants (50%) have recurrent wheezing during childhood. Nevertheless, the relationship between these two entities, if any, has not been established. In order to explain this observation, several hypotheses have been proposed. The first suggests that some children could have an individual predisposition to bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheezing. The virus could be a marker of this condition, and the individual predisposition could in turn be related to an individual hypersensitivity to common allergens (atopy), airway hyperreactivity, or to some disorder related to pulmonary anatomy or physiology that was present before the acute episode of bronchiolitis. Another hypothesis proposes that respiratory syncytial virus could be directly responsible for recurrent wheezing. During an episode of bronchiolitis, the damage in the airway mucosa caused by the vital inflammatory response to infection contributes to sensitivity to other allergens or exposes irritant receptors, resulting in recurrent wheezing. For this review, we analyzed the studies that discuss these hypotheses with the purpose of clarifying the mechanisms for the important issue of recurrent wheezing in childhood.

scholarly journals cagA-Seropositive Strains ofHelicobacter pyloriIncrease the Risk for Gastric Cancer more than the Presence ofH pyloriAlone

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-343
Author(s):  
Naoki Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Strain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

Huang et al have performed a meta-analysis to determine the relationship betweencagA seropositivity (by serology and polymerase chain reaction) and the risk of gastric cancer. An extensive review of the literature identified no previous systematic overviews. The authors identified 16 studies involving 2284 cases and 2770 controls. The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 77.7% in cases and 63.1% in controls. Tests forcagA were positive in 62.8% of cases and 37.5% of controls. Thus,H pyloriandcagA seropositivity significantly increased the risk for gastric cancer, by 2.28 (95% CI 1.71 to 3.05) and 2.87 (95% CI 1.95 to 4.22), respectively. In patients withH pylori, those who were infected by acagA-positive strain had a slightly higher risk of gastric cancer, with an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.24). The authors also found that patients infected withH pyloriwith or withoutcagA seropositivity had an increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer, but not of cancer of the gastric cardia. They concluded thatcagA-positive strains confer a greater risk of gastric cancer than does H pylori infection alone.

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