scholarly journals Beliefs About Medicine and Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in West Bank, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272097191
Author(s):  
Maher R. Khdour ◽  
Heba B. Awadallah ◽  
Mustafa A. Alnadi ◽  
Doaa H. Al-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Introduction: To examine the mean differences between patient beliefs about medicine with reference to adherence and glycemic control. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional questionnaire-based approach. Adherence to medication was measured with the Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS); glycemic control as the last HbA1c test value; and beliefs about medicine with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). Results: According to MGLS scale, 220 (57.9%) of the diabetic patients were classified as high adherent to their medications and 160 (42.1%) were classified as low adherent. Patients had strong believes in their medication, the mean necessity score was significantly outweighed the mean concerns score (17.7 vs 14.4; P < .001). Low adherent patients had significantly more concerns about long term effect of medications (14.4 vs 13.8; P < .008). No significant mean differences were found between glycemic controlled and uncontrolled group regarding necessity or concern domains. Conclusion: Assessing beliefs about medicine is crucial for recognizing patients at risk of low adherence, which offers a way to help patients with diabetes to achieve a better glycemic control.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study clarifying profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy: reasons and consequences.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Tominaga ◽  
Donald Morisky ◽  
Mayumi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Medication Discontinuation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cont Group ◽  
Adherence Scale

Abstract Background: Although diabetes is one of the fastest increasing diseases in prevalence worldwide and demands significant medical resources, more than half of all patients with diabetes do not achieve the expected target level of blood glucose. As a potential cause of poor glycemic control, insufficient adherence to medication has long been discussed and variably studied. However, dropout from treatment as another plausible cause has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy (Discont group) by extracting reasons of their decisions and by comparing results with those who continued (Cont group).Methods: A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted among Japanese with diabetes registered in a database. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of the 8-item version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and demographic and disease characteristics was completed by all participants. Reasons for medication discontinuation and resumption were also received from participants in the Discont group. To examine the risk of uncontrolled HbA1c, logistic regression analysis was conducted in each group.Results: In the Discont group (148 cases), older age at resumption of pharmacotherapy and current smoking habit increased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c, whereas in the Cont group (146 cases), a familial history of diabetes and better medication adherence in MMAS-8 scores decreased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c. A relationship between medication adherence and HbA1c level was seen in the Cont but not in the Discont group. About 70% of those in the Discont group made their decision to terminate diabetes treatment without consulting physicians.Conclusions: Those who discontinued pharmacotherapy were less adherent to medication than those who did not discontinue. Risk factors for glycemic control also differed between those who discontinued and those who did not. More than one-third of participants with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy had inappropriate perceptions of their disease, which medical professionals should be aware of for better inventions.

scholarly journals Adherence of Patients with Diabetes to a Lifestyle Advice and Management Plan in Basra, Southern Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawnaq Adil Aladhab ◽  
Majid Hameed Alabbood
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Southern Iraq

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Poor adherence to treatment regimens is a complex problem, especially for those with chronic illnesses. Noncompliance is believed to be the most common reason for treatment failure in diabetic patients, leading to the absence of metabolic control and accelerating disease-related complications. Data on the adherence of people with diabetes in Iraq are lacking. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of adherence among Iraqi patients with diabetes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Specialized Endocrine and Diabetes Center in Basra, southern Iraq, during the period from June to August 2018. Data were collected by completing an interviewing questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 231 patients were included in the study (54.5% were female). Mean age was 51.85 ± 13.55 years. 65.4% of the participants were taking their medications at the right times. The most common reason for not taking their medication (48.8%) was difficulty in remembering the dosage times. 40.7% of the participants were sedentary. Only one-third of the patients followed their doctors’ instructions regarding diet. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The rate of adherence to medication regimens and lifestyle advice was unsatisfactory in this study group. The awareness of diabetic patients and their caring physicians about the importance of adherence to therapy, exercise, and diet should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Clinical course and outcome in diabetic patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e23-e23
Author(s):  
Zahra Davoudi ◽  
Ilad Alavi Darazam ◽  
Farnaz Saberian ◽  
Sina Homaee ◽  
Shervin Shokouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: As diabetes is highly prevalent worldwide, understanding particular dimensions of COVID-19 infection in diabetic patients is of significant importance. Objectives: The present research aimed to evaluate the outcome of diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection, and the clinical and biochemical characteristics in survived and non-survived patients. Patients and Methods: The present single-center, cross-sectional study examined laboratory and clinical features of 160 patients with diabetes who had moderate to severe criteria. The obtained data were categorized as survived or non-survived patients and then we compared the clinical characteristics in two groups. Results: In this study, 160 diabetic patients (75 men and 85 women) admitted with moderate to severe Covid-19 were evaluated. The mean age of studied patients was 51-90 years old, with diabetes duration of 5 to 15 years. One hundred thirty-one patients (81.9%) survived, but twenty-nine patients (18.1%) did not survive. Regarding the comparison of symptoms, only the loss of consciousness on admission was higher in non- survived patients; however, a majority of the non-survivors have been admitted to ICU, 23(79.3%) and 26 (89.6%) needed invasive mechanical ventilation; in comparison to survived patients also had a shorter duration of hospital stay (5.5±5.1 versus 8.4±6.1days). Non–survivors more probably suffer from high blood pressure [23 (79.3%) patients versus 80 (61%) patients] and chronic kidney disease [20 (69%) patients versus 9 (6.9%) patients; P<0.001]. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of more than 9%, and high fasting blood sugar, severe inflammatory response, hepatic, renal, and coagulation impairment was higher in non–survived than those who survived. Conclusion: Multifactorial parameters result in the poor prognosis in diabetic patients; therefore, it is critical for identifying the key clinical, as well as laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 cases that lead to severe disease and increase the risk of death.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study clarifying profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy: reasons and consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Tominaga ◽  
Donald E. Morisky ◽  
Mayumi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Medication Discontinuation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cont Group

Abstract Background Although diabetes is one of the fastest increasing diseases in prevalence worldwide and demands significant medical resources, more than half of all patients with diabetes do not achieve the expected target level of blood glucose. As a potential cause of poor glycemic control, insufficient adherence to medication has long been discussed and variably studied. However, dropout from treatment as another plausible cause has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy (Discont group) by extracting reasons of their decisions and by comparing with those who continued (Cont group) in terms of the related factors to glycemic control. Methods A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted among Japanese with diabetes registered in a database. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of the 8-item version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and demographic and disease characteristics was completed by all participants. Reasons for medication discontinuation and resumption were also received retrospectively from participants in the Discont group. To examine the risk of uncontrolled HbA1c, logistic regression analysis was conducted in each group. Results In the Discont group (148 cases), older age at resumption of pharmacotherapy and current smoking habit increased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c, whereas in the Cont group (146 cases), a familial history of diabetes and better medication adherence in MMAS-8 scores decreased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c. A relationship between medication adherence and HbA1c level was seen in the Cont but not in the Discont group. About 70 % of those in the Discont group made their decision to terminate diabetes treatment without consulting physicians and half of them perceived their situations inappropriately. Conclusions Those who discontinued pharmacotherapy were less adherent to medication than those who did not discontinue. Risk factors for glycemic control also differed between those who discontinued and those who did not. More than one-third of participants with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy had inappropriate perceptions of their disease, which medical professionals should be aware of for better interventions.

scholarly journals IMPAIRED AWARENESS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA (IAH) IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113
Author(s):  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
◽  
Hoda Jehada Bousada ◽  
Mohammad Fawzi Saati ◽  
Faisal Ali Abutaleb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
The Mean

Aims: The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also, it aimed to determine the risk factors for IAH. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted through a survey that targeted patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from July 10th. 2020 to October 10th. 2020. Results: The authors got responses from 1080 patients. The mean age was 55.5 years and the mean duration of DM was 11 years. Three hundred and sixty (33.3%) responders stated that they developed symptoms of hypoglycemia, of them, 60 (16.7%) patients developed symptoms weekly, and 60 (16.7%) patients developed symptoms twice weekly.The prevalence of IAH in the sample was 14.8 % (Gold method), and 20%(Pearson method). Our results showed that the prevalence of IAH was higher among patients who were over 65 years of age, female gender, who had DM for over 15 years, and those who did not attend schools. Conclusion: The problem of IAH is a significant disorder in diabetic patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study showed that the prevalence of IAH was ranging from 14.8% to 20%.

scholarly journals Glycemic status of diabetic patients attending in a diabetic hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
MN Huda ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
Towfiq I ◽  
SM Alam ◽  
PM Basak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hba1c Concentration

Diabetes care is now available everywhere in our country. But achievement of optimal level glycemic control and adherence to diabetic therapy is still questionable. This observational cross sectional study was done to observe the glycemic status of diabetic patients .The mean (±SD) serum HbA1c concentration of total subjects (n=100) was 7.84±2.0 with a range of 4.8-15.1%. The mean serum HbA1c concentration in group-1 subjects was 5.9±0.587% with a range of 4.8-6.9%, in group-2 subjects was 7.44±0. 304% with a range of 7.0-7.9%, in group-3 subjects was 9.55±1.52% with a range of 8.1-15.1%. Statistically significant difference (p=.001) was observed on serum HbA1c values in between the groups of subjects. Glycemic control was not satisfactory of these diabetic patients. Awareness and motivation through counseling and identifying certain factors influencing glycemic control might be able to overcome this situation.TAJ 2014; 27(2): 33-35

scholarly journals Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena H. R. ◽  
Sribhargava Natesh ◽  
Sudhir Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

scholarly journals Usage of diuretics among diabetic-hypertensive patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Shastry ◽  
M.R. Prabha Adhikari ◽  
Sheetal D. Ullal ◽  
Shashidhar Kotian
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is more common in diabetics than in non-diabetic patients. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes is required in order to substantially reduce the incidence of both macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The role of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension as first line or second line drugs is a provoking debate, hence we studied the usage of diuretics and their effects on BP and glycemic control among diabetic-hypertensive patients.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients’ details such as age, gender, height, weight, comorbid diseases, blood pressure, eGFR along with duration of diabetes and hypertension and drugs prescribed for hypertension were noted. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 336 diabetic-hypertensiveswith a mean age of 64.55±9.51 years were included. Fortyfive patients were on diuretics,two (4.4%) of whom were on diuretic monotherapy, 16 (35.6%) on two drug combinations (Diuretic + ACEI or ARB), 21 (46.7%) on three drug combinations (diuretics + ARB & BBs or diuretic + ACEI & BB or diuretic + ARB &CCB) and six (13.3%) were on four drug combinations (diuretics + ARB, CCB & BB). Among the patients on diuretic combination therapy BP was well controlled in 23 (51%) patients and the glycemic control was comparable to those not on diuretics.Conclusion: In the present study the usage of diuretics was consistent with the guidelines. About 13% of diabetic-hypertensive patients were on diuretic treatment. The control of BP in patients on diuretics was not satisfactory, but there was no worsening of glycemic control compared to other antihypertensive therapy. This shows that low dose thiazides in combination with other antihypertensives can be safe in diabetic-hypertensive patients however their efficacy needs further scrutiny. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10582Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 15-18

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire and appraisal of diabetes scale - a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Patil ◽  
Yamini Patil ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that disturbs the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Therefore, evaluation of diabetes- related QOL could be a key outcome measure for its management. This study assessed the QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life (QOL)˗BREF questionnaire and disease-specific appraisal of diabetes scale (ADS). In this cross-sectional study, 520 T2DM patients were included. Patients’ demographic data, clinical information was collected through interviews, and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument and ADS were used for the QOL of patients. Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (Version 3.6.0). The mean ADS scores were lower in controlled diabetic subjects (18.50±3.08) and higher in uncontrolled diabetic subjects (19.29±2.73) (P<0.05). For WHOQOL-BREF, the mean scores for all the domains (overall general health, physical, psychological, social, and environmental) were significantly higher in controlled diabetic subjects (P<0.001). In addition, the age, duration of diabetes, associated comorbidities, treatment, and HbA1c level of patients showed a highly significant correlation with WHOQOL-BREF (P<0.001). Diabetic patients had poor-to-average QOL. Therefore, public health measures and education of diabetic patients are essential to create more awareness for improving the QOL of T2DM.

scholarly journals Refractive Outcomes of  Table-Mounted and HandheldAuto-Refractometers in Children: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
müjdat karab ◽  
sinem karabulut ◽  
Aylin karalezli
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Cylinder Power

Abstract Background: To compare the refractive results of two autorefractors.Methods: We designed this study as an observational, cross-sectional study. We compared the mean spheric and cylinder power, spherical equivalent, Jackson cross-cylinder values, determined the limits of agreement (LoA), and evaluated reliability.Results: Nidek HandyRef-K autorefractor measured more astigmatism and myopia in terms of the mean cylindrical power (P<.001) and spherical equivalent (P=.024). Nidek HandyRef-K showed significantly more myopic results in subgroups with spherical power more than +1.50 Diopters (D) hyperopia and -3.00 D myopia (P=.031; P=.045; P=.026; respectively) and higher astigmatism in the subgroup with the cylindric power less than -1.00 D (P<.001). The mean differences and 95% LoA were 0.06 D ± 0.47 D (-0.82 D to 0.98 D) in spherical power, 0.08 D ± 0.28 D (-0.47 D to 0.64 D) in cylindrical power, 0.11 D ± 0.47 D (-0.81 D to 1.01 D) in spherical equivalent, 0.02 D ± 0.36 D (-0.73 D to 0.69 D) in Jackson cross-cylinder power at 0°, 0.005 D ± 0.54 D (-1.07 D to 1.06 D) in Jackson cross-cylinder power at 45°. There was a strong correlation for spherical power (Spearman’s rho=0.99, P<.001), cylindrical power (Spearman’s rho=0.88, P<.001), spherical equivalent (Spearman’s rho=0.98, P<.001).Conclusion: Nidek HandyRef-K showed more myopic results regarding spherical equivalent and cylindrical power. Nidek HandyRef-K showed significantly more myopia in spherical power more than +1.50 D hyperopia, -3.00 D myopia, and more prominent astigmatism in cylindrical power less than -1.00 D subgroups.

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