scholarly journals Determinants of the Nasal Microbiome: Pilot Study of Effects of Intranasal Medication Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 215265671878951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay R. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Justin Holt ◽  
Leah F. Nelson ◽  
Diana Ir ◽  
Charles E. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Mometasone Furoate ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Independent Sequence ◽  
Intranasal Steroids ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Introduction A role for bacteria and other microbes has long been suspected in the chronic inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Recent studies utilizing culture-independent, sequence-based identification have demonstrated aberrant shifts in the sinus microbiota of chronic rhinosinusitis subjects, compared with ostensibly healthy controls. Examining how such microbiota shifts occur and the potential for physician-prescribed interventions to influence microbiota dynamics are the topics of the current article. Methods The nasal cavity microbiota of 5 subjects was serially examined over an 8-week period using pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four of the subjects were administered topical mometasone furoate spray, while 1 subject underwent a mupirocin decolonization procedure in anticipation of orthopedic surgery. Results Measures of microbial diversity were unaffected by intranasal treatment in 2 patients and were markedly increased in the remaining 3. The increase in microbial diversity was related to clearance of Moraxella spp. and a simultaneous increase in members of the phylum Actinobacteria. Both effects persisted at least 2 weeks beyond cessation of treatment. Transient changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial genera, including Staphylococcus and Priopionibacteria, were also observed during treatment. Conclusions The effects of intranasal steroids on the sinonasal microbiome are poorly understood, despite their widespread use in treating chronic sinonasal inflammatory disorders. In this longitudinal study, administration of intranasal mometasone furoate or mupirocin resulted in shifts in microbial diversity that persisted to some degree following treatment cessation. Further characterization of these effects as well as elucidation of the mechanism(s) underlying these changes is needed.

scholarly journals Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Fruit Extract and Skin Microbiota: A Focus on C. acnes Phylotypes in Acne Subjects

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandie Gervason ◽  
Isabelle Metton ◽  
Elodie Gemrot ◽  
Edwige Ranouille ◽  
Gilbert Skorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Knowing that Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is known to have antibacterial effects, this study investigated the skin microbiota with a focus on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) phylotypes in subjects with acne, and determined microbiota changes after 28 days of treatment with berries Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as an active ingredient (RT). Skin swabs from seventeen acne subjects were collected and the skin microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A culture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based SLST (single-locus sequence typing) approach was aimed at evaluating RT extract effects on C. acnes phylotype repartition. Clinical evaluations (lesion counts) were performed at baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of twice-daily application of the RT active ingredient. We determined: (1) the skin microbiota at D0 was dominated by Actinobacteria followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria; (2) at the genus level, Cutibacterium was the most abundant genus followed by Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium; (3) C. acnes was the major species in terms of mean abundance, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis); and (4) phylotype IA1 was most represented, with a predominance of SLST type A1, followed by phylotypes II, IB, IA2, IC, and III. After 28 days of RT extract treatment, phylotype repartition were modified with a decrease in abundance (approximately 4%) of phylotype IA1 and an increase in phylotype II and III. Cutibacterium granulosum (C. granulosum) abundance also decreased. Reduction of retentional and inflammatory lesions was also noted only after RT treatment; thus, RT extract acts as a microbiota-regulating agent.

scholarly journals Profiling the microbial community of a Triassic halite deposit in Northern Ireland: an environment with significant potential for biodiscovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Megaw ◽  
Stephen A Kelly ◽  
Thomas P Thompson ◽  
Timofey Skvortsov ◽  
Brendan F Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Hypersaline Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
County Antrim

ABSTRACT Kilroot salt mine, a Triassic halite deposit located in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, is the only permanent hypersaline environment on the island of Ireland. In this study, the microbiome of this unstudied environment was profiled for the first time using conventional and enhanced culturing techniques, and culture independent metagenomic approaches. Using both conventional isolation plates and iChip devices, 89 halophilic archaeal isolates from six known genera, and 55 halophilic or halotolerant bacterial isolates from 18 genera were obtained, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The archaeal isolates were similar to those previously isolated from other ancient halite deposits, and as expected, numerous genera were identified in the metagenome which were not represented among the culturable isolates. Preliminary screening of a selection of isolates from this environment identified antimicrobial activities against a panel of clinically important bacterial pathogens from 15 of the bacterial isolates and one of the archaea. This, alongside previous studies reporting the discovery of novel biocatalysts from the Kilroot mine microbiome, suggests that this environment may be a new, untapped source of of chemical diversity with high biodiscovery potential.

scholarly journals Estructura de la comunidad bacteriana en diferentes tejidos de Lobatus gigas silvestres (Linnaeus, 1758) de la Reserva de Biosfera Seaflower del Caribe

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Marcela Higuita-Valencia ◽  
Olga Inés Montoya Campuzano ◽  
Edna Judith Márquez Fernández ◽  
Claudia Ximena Moreno Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Profiles

The microbial diversity of Lobatus gigas has not been thoroughly studied despite of them is a specie endangered. Knowledge of microbiota may help to improve the conservation and cultivation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial populationsassociated with the gonad and the gut compartments of the wild endangered L. gigas from the Caribbean Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, using microbiological methods and culture-independent molecular tools. The genetic profiles of the bacterial populations were generated and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to compare them with total DNA. A genetic and statistical analysis of the bacterial communities revealed a low level of diversity in gonad tissue based on the number of bands detected using TTGE. In addition, statistical differences in bacterial community structure were found between the foregut and hindgut tissue of L. gigas. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the gonad bacteria, as determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belong to Ralstonia (50%). The possible involvement of this genus in the reproduction and development of the conch is discussed. On the other hand, the bacterial phylotypes from foregut and hindgut included members of  Alphaproteobactera (12.5%), Betaproteobacteria (12.5%), Gammaproteobacteria (12.5%), Bacilli (31.25%), Clostridia (6.25%), Actinobacteria (6.25%), Mollicutes (6.25%) and Deinococci (6.25%) classes. Knowing the composition of the gonad and foregut and hindgut bacteria of L. gigas is the first step toward exploring the proper management of this species, as well as provides useful information to future researches that allow a better understanding of the role of these bacterial populations in the health and reproductive rate of L. gigas.

scholarly journals Beyond Archaea: The Table Salt Bacteriome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Satari ◽  
Alba Guillén ◽  
Adriel Latorre-Pérez ◽  
Manuel Porcar
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Marine Salt

Commercial table salt is a condiment with food preservative properties by decreasing water activity and increasing osmotic pressure. Salt is also a source of halophilic bacteria and archaea. In the present research, the diversity of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms was studied in six commercial table salts by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Three table salts were obtained from marine origins: Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean (Ibiza Island), and Odiel marshes (supermarket marine salt). Other salts supplemented with mineral and nutritional ingredients were also used: Himalayan pink, Hawaiian black, and one with dried vegetables known as Viking salt. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveal that the salts from marine origins display a similar archaeal taxonomy, but with significant variations among genera. Archaeal taxa Halorubrum, Halobacterium, Hallobellus, Natronomonas, Haloplanus, Halonotius, Halomarina, and Haloarcula were prevalent in those three marine salts. Furthermore, the most abundant archaeal genera present in all salts were Natronomonas, Halolamina, Halonotius, Halapricum, Halobacterium, Haloarcula, and uncultured Halobacterales. Sulfitobacter sp. was the most frequent bacteria, represented almost in all salts. Other genera such as Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Flavobacterium were the most frequent taxa in the Viking, Himalayan pink, and black salts, respectively. Interestingly, the genus Salinibacter was detected only in marine-originated salts. A collection of 76 halotolerant and halophilic bacterial and haloarchaeal species was set by culturing on different media with a broad range of salinity and nutrient composition. Comparing the results of 16S rRNA gene metataxonomic and culturomics revealed that culturable bacteria Acinetobacter, Aquibacillus, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Fictibacillus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Micrococcus, Oceanobacillus, Salibacterium, Salinibacter, Terribacillus, Thalassobacillus, and also Archaea Haloarcula, Halobacterium, and Halorubrum were identified at least in one sample by both methods. Our results show that salts from marine origins are dominated by Archaea, whereas salts from other sources or salt supplemented with ingredients are dominated by bacteria.

scholarly journals Passenger-surface microbiome interactions in the subway of Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Vargas-Robles ◽  
Carolina Gonzalez-Cedillo ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernandez ◽  
Luis D. Alcaraz ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Passenger Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Surface

AbstractInteraction between hands and the environment permits the interchange of microorganisms. The Mexico City subway is used daily by millions of passengers that get in contact with its surfaces. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbiomes of frequently touched surfaces, also comparing regular and women-only wagons. We also explored the effect of surface cleaning on microbial resettling. Finally, we studied passenger behavior and characterized microbial changes after traveling.Most passengers (99%), showed some type of surface interaction during a wagon trip, mostly with the hands (92%). We found microbiome differences associated with surfaces, probably reflecting diverse surface materials and usage frequency. The platform floor was the most bacterial diverse surface, while the stair handrail and pole were the least diverse ones. After pole cleaning, the resettling of microbial diversity was fast (5-30 minutes); however, it did not resemble the initial composition.After traveling, passengers significantly increased their hand microbial diversity and converged to a similar microbial composition among passengers. Additionally, passenger hand microbiomes resembled subway surfaces in diversity and also in the frequency of potentially pathogenic taxa. However, microbial fingerprints were preserved within passengers after traveling.

scholarly journals Urine and Fecal Microbiota in a Canine Model of Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mrofchak ◽  
Christopher Madden ◽  
Morgan V Evans ◽  
William C Kisseberth ◽  
Deepika Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Future Work

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the tenth most diagnosed cancer in humans worldwide. Dogs are a robust model for invasive UC as tumor development and progression is similar in humans and dogs. Recent studies on urine microbiota in humans revealed alterations in microbial diversity and composition in individuals with UC; however, the potential role of microbiota in UC has yet to be elucidated. Dogs could be valuable models for this research, but microbial alterations in dogs with UC have not been evaluated. Objective: The objective of this this pilot study was to compare the urine and fecal microbiota of dogs with UC (n = 7) and age-, sex-, and breed-matched healthy controls (n = 7). Methods: DNA was extracted from mid-stream free-catch urine and fecal samples using Qiagen Bacteremia and PowerFecal kits, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed followed by sequence processing and analyses (QIIME 2 and R). Results: Canine urine and fecal samples were dominated by taxa similar to those found in humans. Significantly decreased microbial diversity (Kruskal-Wallis: Shannon, p = 0.048) and altered bacterial composition were observed in the urine but not feces of dogs with UC (PERMANOVA: Unweighted UniFrac, p = 0.011). The relative abundances of Fusobacterium was also increased, although not significantly, in the urine and feces of dogs with UC. Conclusion: This study characterizes urine and fecal microbiota in dogs with UC, and it provides a foundation for future work exploring host-microbe dynamics in UC carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Metagenomic Characterization of a Retail Delicatessen Galotyri-Like Fresh Acid-Curd Cheese Product

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
John Samelis ◽  
Agapi I. Doulgeraki ◽  
Vasiliki Bikouli ◽  
Dimitrios Pappas ◽  
Athanasia Kakouri
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

This study evaluated the microbial quality, safety, and ecology of a retail delicatessen Galotyri-like fresh acid-curd cheese traditionally produced by mixing fresh natural Greek yogurt with ‘Myzithrenio’, a naturally fermented and ripened whey cheese variety. Five retail cheese batches (mean pH 4.1) were analyzed for total and selective microbial counts, and 150 presumptive isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were characterized biochemically. Additionally, the most and the least diversified batches were subjected to a culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. LAB prevailed in all cheeses followed by yeasts. Enterobacteria, pseudomonads, and staphylococci were present as <100 viable cells/g of cheese. The yogurt starters Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii were the most abundant LAB isolates, followed by nonstarter strains of Lactiplantibacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, whose isolation frequency was batch-dependent. Lactococcus lactis isolates were sporadic, except for one cheese batch. However, Lactococcus lactis, Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, Salinivibrio, and Shewanellaceae were detected at fairly high relative abundances culture-independently, despite the fact that their viable counts in the cheeses were low or undetectable. Metagenomics confirmed the prevalence of S. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii. Overall, this delicatessen Galotyri-like cheese product was shown to be a rich pool of indigenous nonstarter LAB strains, which deserve further biotechnological investigation.

scholarly journals The development of gut microbiota in ostriches and its association with juvenile growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Videvall ◽  
Se Jin Song ◽  
Hanna M. Bensch ◽  
Maria Strandh ◽  
Anel Engelbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extinction Events

AbstractThe development of gut microbiota during ontogeny in vertebrates is emerging as an important process influencing physiology, immune system, health, and adult fitness. However, we have little knowledge of how the gut microbiome is colonised and develops in non-model organisms, and to what extent microbial diversity and specific taxa influence changes in fitness-related traits. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the successional development of the faecal microbiota in juvenile ostriches (Struthio camelus; n = 71) over their first three months of life, during which time a five-fold difference in weight was observed. We found a gradual increase in microbial diversity with age, an overall convergence in community composition among individuals, multiple colonisation and extinction events, and major taxonomic shifts coinciding with the cessation of yolk absorption. In addition, we discovered significant but complex associations between juvenile growth and microbial diversity, and identified distinct bacterial groups that had positive (Bacteroidaceae) and negative (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae) correlations with the growth of individuals at specific ages. These results have broad implications for our understanding of the development of gut microbiota and its association with juvenile growth.

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