scholarly journals Supervisor Variance in Psychotherapy Outcome in Routine Practice: A Replication

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989904
Author(s):  
Jason Whipple ◽  
Tyler Hoyt ◽  
Tony Rousmaniere ◽  
Joshua Swift ◽  
Tyler Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
University Counseling Center ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Variance Estimates

This study is a replication of Rousmaniere et al., in which no differences in client outcome between supervisors were found and few differences in client outcome due to either degree level or experience as a supervisor were found. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine variance estimates in client outcome accounted for by supervisors. The longitudinal archival data set consisted of 3,030 clients, 80 therapists, and 39 supervisors at a University Counseling Center in the Rocky Mountains. Therapists practiced psychodynamic, strategic, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution-focused, and family systems approaches. Average improvement of clients was 7.91 points across supervisors using the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ-45.2). Consistent with Rousmaniere et al., the amount of variance in client outcome attributable to clinical supervision was less than 1%. Implications indicate supervision may be enhanced by increased focus on aiding professional development of supervisees and emphasized future clarification surrounding the role of improvement of client welfare by supervisors.

Implementation of AF-CBT by Community Practitioners Serving Child Welfare and Mental Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kolko ◽  
Barbara L. Baumann ◽  
Amy D. Herschell ◽  
Jonathan A. Hart ◽  
Elizabeth A. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Negative Perceptions

The Partnerships for Families project is a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the implementation of Alternatives for Families: A Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT), an evidence-based treatment for family conflict, coercion, and aggression, including child physical abuse. To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in this model, 182 community practitioners from 10 agencies were randomized to receive AF-CBT training ( n = 90) using a learning community model (workshops, consultation visits) or Training as Usual (TAU; n = 92) which provided trainings per agency routine. Practitioners completed self-report measures at four time points (0, 6, 12, and 18 months following baseline). Of those assigned to AF-CBT, 89% participated in at least one training activity and 68% met a “training completion” definition. A total of 80 (44%) practitioners were still active clinicians in the study by 18-month assessment in that they had not met our staff turnover or study withdrawal criteria. Using an intent-to-train design, hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed significantly greater initial improvements for those in the AF-CBT training condition (vs. TAU condition) in CBT-related knowledge and use of AF-CBT teaching processes, abuse-specific skills, and general psychological skills. In addition, practitioners in both groups reported significantly more negative perceptions of organizational climate through the intervention phase. These significant, albeit modest, findings are discussed in the context of treatment training, research, and work force issues as they relate to the diverse backgrounds, settings, and populations served by community practitioners.

Religious and Sexual Identities: An Intersectional, Longitudinal Examination of Change in Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tyler Lefevor ◽  
Rebecca A. Janis ◽  
So Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Longitudinal Examination

The current study employs an intersectional framework to understand how well counselors are meeting the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning (LGBQQ) and religious clients by examining clients’ initial anxiety and depression levels and changes in these symptoms through psychotherapy. Data from 12,825 participants from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2012–2014 data set were analyzed. Results from hierarchical linear modeling indicate lower baseline anxiety and depression among religious clients and faster rates of change of anxiety symptoms among nonreligious clients. LGBQQ clients presented with higher initial anxiety and depression, but there were no differences in rates of change of anxiety and depression between heterosexual and LGBQQ clients. Significant but minimal interaction effects between religious and sexual identities were found, indicating a need for further research. Counselors are encouraged to be mindful of these disparities in therapy.

Public Service-Function Types and Interlocal Agreement Network Structure: A Longitudinal Study of Iowa

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1315
Author(s):  
Victor G. Hugg
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Service Function

Interlocal service delivery networks have become a prominent subject within the urban governance literature, with significant scholarly attention being focused on the political, legal, and demographic characteristics that influence an organization’s decision to join a collaboration network. However, despite being a theoretically significant factor, few analyses have examined the role that service-function type plays in shaping these networks. This research note replicates and extends previous tests of the hypothesized relationship between service-function type and network structure by relying on a comprehensive 25-year data set of interlocal agreements from the state of Iowa. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the positive relationship between networks of system maintenance service-functions and network centralization is confirmed after controlling for the significant moderating effect of time. This more-generalized finding enhances our understanding of when local governments use service networks to solve public problems and potentially carries important implications for the relationship between network governance and policy performance.

General Slowing in Language Impairment

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Windsor ◽  
Rochelle L. Milbrath ◽  
Edward J. Carney ◽  
Susan E. Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Slowing

Although the general slowing hypothesis of language impairment (LI) is well established, the conventional method to test the hypothesis is controversial. This paper compares the usual method, ordinary least squares regression (OLS), with another method, hierarchical linear modeling with random coefficients (HLM). The analyses used available response time (RT) data from studies of perceptual-motor, cognitive, and language skills of LI and chronological-age-matched (CA) groups. The data set included RT measures from 25 studies investigating 20 different tasks (e.g., auditory detection, mental rotation, and word recognition tasks). OLS and HLM analyses of the RT data yielded very different results. OLS supported general slowing for the LI groups, and indicated that they were significantly slower than CA groups across studies by an overall estimate of 10%. HLM indicated a larger average extent of LI slowing (18%). However, the variability around this average was much greater than that yielded by OLS, and the extent of slowing was not statistically significant. Importantly, HLM showed a significant difference in the RT relation between LI and CA groups across studies, indicating that study-specific slowing, rather than general slowing across studies, was present. A separate HLM analysis of two types of language tasks, picture naming and word recognition, was performed. Although the extent of slowing was equivalent across these tasks, the slowing was minimal (2%) and not significant. Methodological limitations of each analysis to assess general slowing are highlighted.

The Relation Between the Academic Achievement of Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Teacher Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Gage ◽  
Reesha Adamson ◽  
Ashley S. MacSuga-Gage ◽  
Timothy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teacher Characteristics ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Students With Ebd

Teachers of students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD) are less experienced and more likely to have emergency certification than teachers of students with other disabilities. Yet, to date, research has not examined the relation between the academic achievement of students with EBD and characteristics associated with highly qualified teachers (teachers’ education level, certification status, and years of experience). Using a nationally representative longitudinal data set of students with disabilities, this study examined the relation between teacher characteristics and the academic achievement of students with EBD. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the study found low academic achievement for students with EBD, null effects for change in achievement across time, and null effects for the relation between (a) teachers’ educational level, certification status, and years of experience and (b) student academic achievement. Results indicate further research is needed to examine whether and how teacher characteristics may impact the academic achievement of students with EBD.

The Effects Of Teacher- And School-Level Factors On Teachers Participation In Professional Development Activities: The Role Of Principal Leadership

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set

It is well reported in the literature that professional development activities have great potential to increase teachers competencies in different areas, resulting in greater learning opportunities for students. In Turkey, however, teachers participation in professional development activities is significantly lower compared to almost all developed countries. In this context, this study aims to explore the different teacher- and school-level factors associated with teachers participation in professional development activities in Turkey by using a nationally representative data set from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and employing a multi-level statistical analysis with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Results of the study show that several teacher- and school-level factors are significantly associated with teachers level of participation in professional development activities in Turkey. Specifically, the significant role of school principals in teachers professional development is explored. It is therefore suggested that school principals should be educated on the importance of in-service professional development activities for teachers and their significant role in this matter.

Extending service brands into products versus services

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Sichtmann ◽  
Klaus Schoefer ◽  
Markus Blut ◽  
Charles Jurgen Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parent Brand ◽  
Service Brand ◽  
Consistent Extension ◽  
Extension Category

Purpose This paper aims to provide an empirical investigation into extension category effects on service brand extensions, both to other services (service–service extensions) and to products (service–product extensions), and the extension category’s influence on brand/consumer-level success drivers, as well as the perceived quality of the extension. Design/methodology/approach This study included an empirical testing of a conceptual framework using a hierarchical linear modeling approach and testing of hypotheses with a multilevel regression analysis. The data set consisted of 216 respondents reporting on both product and service extensions. Data were collected on three levels, namely, consumer level, parent brand level and extension level. Findings The findings indicate a general and consistent extension category-dependent effect that moderates the importance of brand extension success drivers. The influence of parent brand reliance and perceived parent brand quality were found to have stronger effects, whereas parent brand conviction was weaker in the context of service-to-service extensions. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on two brands with four extensions. Further research could replicate the study with a broader range of brands and extensions. Practical implications The study provides guidance to service managers to enhance consumers’ extension evaluations through better-positioned communication efforts when extending to different categories. Originality/value The study is one of the first empirical investigations into category-extension effects and its moderating role regarding brand and consumer level success drivers. Sparse research has been dedicated to a real-world occurrence of services extending between extension categories; this study thus furthers service brand research in terms of brand management decisions.

scholarly journals A multilevel investigation of China’s regional economic conditions on co-creation of dining experience and outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2132-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Ji ◽  
IpKin Anthony Wong ◽  
Anita Eves ◽  
Aliana Man Wai Leong
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how the presence of other customers in restaurant social settings becomes a resource (referred to as “customer-to-customer interaction” or “C2CI”) to co-create an escape dining experience and stimulate dining outcomes, namely, food attachment and dining frequency. The relationships are further tested under the effects of regional economic conditions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by using a multi-step approach. The first data set was obtained through a personally administered survey, which included a sample of 356 Chinese tourists who dined at fine Western (i.e. Portuguese) restaurants in Macau. The second data set concerned economic statistics and was obtained from the statistics departments of mainland China and Taiwan. A multilevel design with hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the proposed model. Multilevel mediating and moderating effects were also examined. Findings The results suggest that customer escape dining experience significantly mediated the relationship between C2CI and food attachment, while food attachment fully mediated the relationship between customer escape experience and dining frequency. The multilevel effect of regional economic conditions played a significant role in moderating the C2CI–escape experience relationship in which the effect of C2CI was more salient for tourists from less economically developed regions in China. The experience–food attachment relationship was also contingent on the regional economic conditions in which the relationship was stronger for tourists from less economically developed areas. A multilevel mediating effect was also presented in the study. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on experience co-creation in restaurant dining by exploring and testing the possibility of the presence of other customers to become a resource of experience co-creation, which is currently overlooked in the restaurant dining literature. The study advances the concept of co-creation by including the presence of other customers and restates the active role of diners in creating experiences. It also considers the existence of structural patterns in individualized experiences.

A quantitative critique of Kerlin’s macro-institutional social enterprise framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thema Monroe-White ◽  
Janelle A. Kerlin ◽  
Sandy Zook
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enterprise Models

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide the first large data-set regression analysis to test Kerlin’s (2013) macro-institutional social enterprise framework in relation to the country social enterprise models that flow from it. Kerlin (2013) offers a conceptual framework for country social enterprise models that allows countries to retain their unique understanding of social enterprise and better understand the factors influencing its development. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the theory of historical institutionalism and multiple global datasets to test formal hypotheses on the relationship between macro-institutional factors and the size of the social enterprise sector across countries. Social enterprise data were obtained from the 2009 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset. Hypotheses were tested using logistic hierarchical linear modeling. Findings – Results provide support for the framework at a significant level. Nearly half of the variance in the size of the social enterprise sector can be attributed to countries-level factors. We also find that the size of the social enterprise sector varies by economic competitiveness rank, size of the welfare state and collectivist cultural orientation. Research limitations/implications – The countries included in this study are not representative of the global landscape. Researchers are encouraged to test the framework with a more representative sample of countries, including those in the Global South. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for policy makers and researchers seeking to facilitate cross-regional dialogue, the transfer and support of social enterprises and research. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to advance the field of social enterprise by quantitatively testing established frameworks.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

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