scholarly journals Transformation of Sociocultural Integration Policy and Inherent Political Theories in the United Kingdom: A Way Forward

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110074
Author(s):  
Samiul Parvez Ahmed ◽  
Sarwar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Ikramul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom

The contemporary integration policies (Community Cohesion Agenda [CCA]) of the United Kingdom have been criticized for their foundational weaknesses, conceptual inadequacies, myopic views with regard to the complexity of the issue, lack of evidence, and so on. Vast majority of the studies conducted to verify this discourse have been done in the line of theoretical arguments of diversity management rather than exploring their connections to a target community in reality. This study aims at establishing a linkage between the growing theoretical arguments of the integration discourse with empirical data in light of the policy framework of the CCA. We have selected the fastest growing Bangladeshi community of the CCA-adapted Aston City of Birmingham as the representative group of the ethnic minority communities of the United Kingdom. Qualitative data collection approach has been followed, where primary in-depth interviews were conducted on various policy actors, social workers, faith leaders, and Bangladeshi residents of Aston. The entire policy instrument, starting from its broad purposes to operational strategies, has been severely challenged by both residents of the community and relevant policy-implementing bodies in Aston. CCA policies appear to be largely inclined toward the interculturalism/communitarianism ideology rather than to multiculturalism. However, the empirical evidence shows that the need for multiculturalism, to be more specific—Bristol School of Multiculturalism, as a political theory remains in the integration discourse in the context of the United Kingdom. Findings are expected to have implications on practitioners and policy makers in designing diversity management policy instruments by having a wider synthesized view on both theoretical argument and empirical data.

Genomics Governance in the United States and the United Kingdom

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-265
Author(s):  
Liza Ireni-Saban
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
State Governance

Technological innovation in the area of personalised genetic data poses novel regulatory concerns for state governance. Since personalised genetic data reveals highly sensitive and private information about a person’s susceptibility to illness, it may lead to stigmatisation, discrimination, and breach of privacy. Although legal arrangements for personal or medical data have always been governmental and legal concerns, the introduction of genetic technologies over the past two decades has breathed new life into the idea of privacy and non-discrimination protection for individuals and communities, leading to possible new types of social relationships that circulate in a global biomedical arena. Thus, our analysis of genetic information regulation is based on a comparative analysis of policy instruments by examining the appropriateness of various policy instrument choices made in the United States and in the United Kingdom for securing the rights for privacy, non-discrimination, and access to research benefits for individuals and communities.

Bad Land and Bad Law: The Role of Local Authorities in the Formulation of New Legislation and Guidance for Contaminated Land in the United Kingdom

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Walton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
The United Kingdom

The 1990 Environmental Protection Act introduced the requirement for local authorities in the United Kingdom to establish and prepare registers of land that had previously been subjected to a potentially contaminative use. This was met with opposition from a range of interests who articulated concerns about potential blight and the effects upon property development. Amongst these interests were those of local authorities of which the larger ones, it is contended, would have good reason to oppose the introduction of registers because of the fear of their consequential impact on local economic development. In this paper the author appraises the local authority responses to the government's proposals for registers of potentially contaminated land and, following the government's decision to abandon the registers, their views of what policy and legal measures ought to be adopted in their place. The author then considers the extent to which these views have been reflected in the 1995 Environment Act which sought, inter alia, to provide a comprehensive legal and policy framework for the resolution of the location and apportionment of contaminated land liabilities.

The Dutch policy on gold-plating and the transposition of Directive 2008/98/EC on waste

elni Review ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Squintani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Gold Plating ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Dutch Policy ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Directive 2008/98/EC, recasting inter alia Directive 2006/12/EC, sets minimum requirements in the field of waste management. This means that the Member States have the competence to take measures, which achieve a higher level of environmental protection than that required by the Union legislator, so-called gold-plating. For some years, European citizens are assisting to a pan-European discussion on gold-plating. In the context of the Better Regulation agenda, EU institutions consider gold-plating a constraint to good regulation. The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Austria increasingly refrain from gold-plating. In the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands, gold-plating is regulated by centralised official policies aiming at fostering economic growth. Despite the relevance that these policies might have for the implementation of Union environmental law and, even more importantly, for the functioning of the system for the protection of the environment as shaped in the Treaties, there is still a lack of empirical data on the manner in which these policies apply in practice. This article represents a first attempt to fill-in this lacuna, by focusing on the transposition of Directive 2008/98/EC in the Netherlands. In this contribution, certain provisions of Directive 2008/98/EC are analysed in order to establish whether alleged cases of gold-plating were eliminated and whether new cases of gold-plating were introduced. This analysis provides useful information for understanding the functioning of the Dutch policy on gold-plating. First, however, it is necessary to explain what gold-plating means and what the Dutch policy on gold-plating entails.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kualitas Udara Terkait Transportasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Andi Alfian Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Air Quality Management

Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta yang mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan penanggulangan pencemaran udara menghadapi banyak kendala implementasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan kualitas udara perkotaan terkait transportasi di provinsi tersebut dengan pendekatan model sistem. Faktor yang diamati meliputi instrumen kebijakan, sumber daya dan manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan sumber data primer dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan sumber data sekunder telaah dokumen. Data primer digali dariberbagai informan yang berkompeten meliputi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, Biro Hukum, Badan Pengelola Dampak Lingkungan Daerah, Dinas Perhubungan, Dinas Kesehatan dan Samsat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa instrumen kebijakan telah ada, tetapi dipersepsikan hanya berlaku untuk BPLHD. Penegakan hukum belum dilaksanakan secara semestinya karena sistem dan koordinasi belum maksimal; sumber daya manusia dan sumber dana masihkurang; rencana strategis belum ada, serta manajemen dan koordinasi belum maksimal. Untuk implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan kualitas udara perkotaan yang efektif, pembuat dan pelaksana kebijakan perlu memperhatikan beberapa faktor tersebut.Kata kunci: Kualitas udara, perkotaan, implementasi, kebijakan, transportasiAbstractThe Government of DKI Jakarta Province had released some policies regarding to remedy air pollution. However, there are much problems related with urban air quality in DKI Jakarta Province. So that, purpose of this study will know implementation of urban air quality management policy related to transportation by system model approach. The matter will be studied are policy instruments, resources and management. This study is qualitative study. In this study,primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data are collected from in depth interview with competent sources such as Regional Parliamentary, Law Bureau, Regional Authority for Environmental Impact, Transportation Department, Health Department and Samsat. Secondary data are collected by conducting documents. The study result showed that policy instrument has existed, but they are perceived only effective for BPLHD, real law enforcement has been not implemented because system and coordination are not optimal, human and money resources are minimal, and there is no strategic planning so that management and coordination are not optimal. Therefore, to make implementation of urban air quality management policy become effective, the factors should be respected by related parties especially policy makers and policy implementers.Key words: Air quality, urban, implementation, policy, transportation

scholarly journals Interest Groups, County Characteristics, and Local Growth Management Policy Instruments

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Lee Jeongho [John]
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Statistical Tool

The primary intent of this study is to investigate what factors drive local governments to implement growth management policy instruments. To answer this research question, this study chose Colorado counties, where local governments voluntarily adopt and implement growth management policy instruments. That means that a wide variation in growth management policy instrument implementation appears among Colorado???s local governments. That is to say, some counties more actively implement growth management policy instruments while the rest of counties do not. Utilizing a statistical tool, this article tests seven hypotheses based on the interest group model and county characteristics to empirically explicate this uneven implementation phenomenon of growth management policy instruments across Colorado. The analyzed results prove that counties with many anti-growth management policy interest groups are less likely to implement growth management policy instruments. In addition, the analyzed results demonstrate both that counties earning more income from tourism and counties with highly educated residents are more likely to implement growth management policy instruments, while counties supporting the Democratic Party are less likely to implement growth management policy instruments.

scholarly journals Fortifying Citizenship: Policy Strategies for Civic Integration in Western Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Wallace Goodman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Civic Integration ◽  
National Citizenship ◽  
Membership Problems ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Membership Association

Why have European states introduced mandatory integration requirements for citizenship and permanent residence? There are many studies comparing integration policy and examining the significance of what has been interpreted as a convergent and restrictive “civic turn,” a “retreat from multiculturalism,” and an “inevitable lightening of citizenship.” None of these studies, however, has puzzled over the empirical diversity of integration policy design or presented systematic, comparative explanations for policy variation. This article is the first to develop an argument for what, in fact, amounts to a wealth of variation in civic integration policy (including scope, sequencing, and difficulty). Using a historical institutionalist approach, the author argues that states use mandatory integration to address different membership problems, which are shaped by both existing citizenship policy (whether it is inclusive or exclusive) and political pressure to change it (in other words, the politics of citizenship). She illustrates this argument by focusing on three case studies, applying the argument to a case of unchallenged restrictive retrenchment and continuity (Denmark), to a case of negotiated and thus moderated restriction (Germany), and to a case that recently exhibited both liberal continuity (the United Kingdom, 2001–6) and failed attempts at new restriction (the United Kingdom, 2006–10). These cases show that although states may converge around similar mandatory integration instruments, they may apply them for distinctly different reasons. As a result, new requirements augment rather than alter the major contours of national citizenship policy and the membership association it maintains.

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