Teaching Approaches and Profile Analysis: An Exploratory Study With Trainee History Teachers

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110591
Author(s):  
Cosme Jesús Gómez-Carrasco ◽  
Jairo Rodríguez-Medina ◽  
Álvaro Chaparro-Sainz ◽  
José Monteagudo-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
History Teachers ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this study is to analyze the teaching approaches of trainee history teachers in Spain. A non-experimental quantitative design was employed with data being gathered via a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale (1–5). Six hundred forty-six students of master’s degrees in geography and history teacher training from 22 different universities took part in the study, of whom 358 were men (55.41%) and 280 women (43.34%). The analytical process was performed in four phases. In the first of them, the reliability of the measures was estimated (internal consistency, reliability of the individual indicators, and reliability of the construct). In the second phase, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out on the matrix of polychoric correlations between the items. In the third phase, evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was analyzed by way of a confirmatory factor analysis. In the fourth phase, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out in order to verify the presence of possible groups and, finally, to ascertain the differences between groups by way of an inferential analysis (ANOVA and Student’s t). No significant differences were detected in the scoring groups within the Conceptual Change/Student-Focused approach (CCSF subscale) according to the sex of the participants. However, there were significant differences in the Information Transmission Teacher-Focused approach (ITT subscale). A cluster analysis reveals significant differences with regard to the sex of future secondary education history teachers in Spain.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological features of fighters of different tactical styles of conducting competitive duels

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
G.O. Ogar ◽  
E.I. Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Switching Attention ◽  
Individual Training

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the psychophysiological features of skilled freestyle wrestlers with different tactical ways of fighting.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: The study involved 15 freestyle wrestlers who are students of the H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University.  The athletes had experience in free-wrestling from 5 to 7 years, qualification of the  Meister kandidat (n = 6) and the 1st sports category (n = 9), age of the examinees - 17-21 years. With the help of V. Schulte's technique, testing of stability of attention and dynamics of efficiency of fighters was carried out. The indicators of switching and distribution of attention of the investigated by the method of FD were also tested. Humpback. A hierarchical cluster analysis of psychophysiological test results was conducted, according to which the investigated fighters were divided into two groups.</p><p> <strong>Results</strong>: According to the results of testing psychophysiological indicators, some differences were found between the groups. Cluster analysis of testing results of psychophysiological features of freestyle wrestlers divided the studied athletes into two groups. The first group includes fighters who lead competitive duels against defense, using mostly counter-attacks (defensive, counter-attacking style of conducting a competitive duel). The second group of investigated fighters included athletes, who are fighting in an active style (attacking style of running a competitive fight). The wrestlers of the second group, in terms of performance (p &lt;0.001) outperform the athletes of the first group. The first group studied showed a better time switching attention than their opponents (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The results of the study can be used in the individual training of fighters to determine the optimal tactical manner of the fight for specific athletes.</p>

Application of Two-Way Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for the Identification of Similarities between the Individual Lipid Fractions ofLucilia sericata

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gołębiowski ◽  
Anita Sosnowska ◽  
Tomasz Puzyn ◽  
Mieczysława I. Boguś ◽  
Wioletta Wieloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Use of Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis on Principal Component (HCPC) for Multivariate Analysis of Academic Performance of Industrial Engineering Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delimiro Visbal-Cadavid ◽  
Adel Mendoza-Mendoza ◽  
Enrique De La Hoz-Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Engineering Programs

The article describes a new idea about using Factor Analysis, Mixed Data, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis on Principal Components to study the academic performance in 82 Industrial Engineering Programs in Colombia. For this, we used the data from the results of the standardized test of the Saber Pro.). The authors find that the first three components explain 89.12% of the original data set variability. The quantitative variables associated with the Factor Analysis are the first dimension, while the two qualitative variables are related to the second dimension. The first factor explains 95.83% of the dispersion of the scores in Critical Reading, 94.72% of the variability in Quantitative Reasoning, 94.51% of the variation in Mathematics and Statistics, among others. This study shows a strong positive correlation between the quantitative variables and the first factorial axis. It assumes that the Industrial Engineering Programs of public higher education institutions perform better than private ones. The article stipulates that the higher education institutions belonging to the Andean Region present a better performance, followed by the higher education institutions located in the Pacific Region. In general terms, the results confirm that the best performing universities usually appear in the first places in the different rankings and are located in the big cities.

Cross-Validation in Singapore of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela F. L. Wong ◽  
Barry J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Integration Rule ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rule Clarity

This paper reports the cross-validation in Singapore of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory, which assesses students' perceptions of psychosocial aspects of their science laboratory classroom environments. The sample consisted of 1,592 final year secondary school, i.e., Grade 10, chemistry students from 56 intact classes from 28 randomly selected coeducational government secondary schools in Singapore. This instrument, which has separate forms measuring students' perceptions of the actual and ideal (preferred) learning environment, comprises five scales: Student Cohesiveness, Open-endedness, Integration, Rule Clarity, and Material Environment. The study provided cross-validation support for use in Singapore in either its actual or preferred form and with either the individual student or the class mean as the unit of analysis. Each scale exhibited satisfactory internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, factorial validity, predictive validity, and ability to differentiate among classes.

Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Instrument

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Sukkarieh-Haraty ◽  
Elizabeth Howard
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Translation of instruments needs to ensure equivalence between the source and the target language to establish the psychometric properties of the translated version. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) instrument. The 12-item English version of the SDSCA was translated into Arabic using back translation on a sample of 140 Lebanese participants with Type 2 diabetes. Construct validity was measured using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Multitrait scaling analysis was used to test for item convergent and discriminant validity based on item–scale correlations. Conceptual and content validity were examined by an expert panel in diabetes. Internal consistency reliability R was assessed using interitem correlations. The average interitem correlation for the four subscales ranged between –.05 for Diet and .66 for Glucose Testing. Factor analysis identified four factors which accounted for 60% of the variance. The preliminary results of Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Arabic Version (SDSCA-Ar) are comparable to the psychometric properties the original SDSCA. SDSCA-Ar is a valid measure of diabetes self-care in Lebanese patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals The organization of taste sensibilities in hamster chorda tympani nerve fibers.

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Frank ◽  
S L Bieber ◽  
D V Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Response Profiles

Electrophysiological measurements of nerve impulse frequencies were used to explore the organization of taste sensibilities in single fibers of the hamster chorda tympani nerve. Moderately intense taste solutions that are either very similar or easily discriminated were applied to the anterior lingual surface. 40 response profiles or 13 stimulus activation patterns were considered variables and examined with multivariate statistical techniques. Three kinds of response profiles were seen in fibers that varied in their overall sensitivity to taste solutions. One profile (S) showed selectivity for sweeteners, a second (N) showed selectivity for sodium salts, and a third (H) showed sensitivity to salts, acids, and other compounds. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that profiles fell into discrete classes. Responses to many pairs of effective stimuli were covariant across profiles within a class, but some acidic stimuli had more idiosyncratic effects. Factor analysis of profiles identified two common factors, accounting for 77% of the variance. A unipolar factor was identified with the N profile, and a bipolar factor was identified with the S profile and its opposite, the H profile. Three stimulus activation patterns were elicited by taste solutions that varied in intensity of effect. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the patterns fell into discrete classes. Factor analysis of patterns identified three common unipolar factors accounting for 82% of the variance. Eight stimuli (MgSO4, NH4Cl, KCl, citric acid, acetic acid, urea, quinine HCl, HCl) selectively activated fibers with H profiles, three stimuli (fructose, Na saccharin, sucrose) selectively activated fibers with S profiles, and two stimuli (NaNO3, NaCl) activated fibers with N profiles more strongly than fibers with H profiles. Stimuli that evoke different patterns taste distinct to hamsters. Stimuli that evoke the same pattern taste more similar. It was concluded that the hundreds of peripheral taste neurons that innervate the anterior tongue play one of three functional roles, providing information about one of three features that are shared by different chemical solutions.

The Salinization Problem of the Deep Groundwater Based on Multivariable Statistical Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2520-2524
Author(s):  
Ai Hua Wei ◽  
Feng Shan Ma ◽  
Dong Fei Yan ◽  
Yu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Process ◽  
Groundwater Composition

To indentify the influence of human activities on groundwater chemistry, fifteen groundwater samples, from the mostly exploited aquifers, were collected at Tanghai County. Considering the multivariable statistical method is reliable to study the anthropogenic process affecting groundwater composition especially in the early stage, 10 measured hydrochemical variables were used in factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Factor 1 included EC, TDS, Cl-, and K+ is interpreted as relating to groundwater salinization. Factor 2 and factor 3 is mostly influenced by the water-rock interactions during the flow path and fertile contamination, respectively. Meanwhile, the Q-mode classification result reveals that the cluster 1 having high factor 1 scores also is related to the over-pumping of groundwater, in accordance with the factor analysis result. Generally, to protect freshwater resources and suitable development of this study, some related measures should be mitigated to limit groundwater mining.

scholarly journals Mental Toughness Scale for Pakistani University Students: A Validation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-706
Author(s):  
Sarah Anthony ◽  
Sadia Saleem ◽  
Sara Subhan ◽  
Zahid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
University Life ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range

The current mental toughness is multidimensional construct that help the individual to show persistent strength and preservation during the high competitive situations. The university life is the most vulnerable and pressured time for the university students. The aim of the current study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS) in university students. A total of 306 participants (151 men and 155 women) with the age range of 18-25 (M = 20.66; SD = 1.36) were administered the Mental Toughness Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Student Problem Checklist. The results of the Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a three factor solution Sense of Personal Competence, Problem Solving Skills and Social Competence. Further, the MTS was found high internal consistency, reliability, construct and discriminant validity. The results pave the way for application of the Mental Toughness of University students of Pakistan and are discussed in light of cultural implications.

scholarly journals An Analysis of COVID-19 Clusters in India-Two Case Studies on Nizamuddin and Dharavi.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sengupta ◽  
Bhaswati Ganguli ◽  
Sugata SenRoy ◽  
Aditya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Contact ◽  
Special Hospitals

Abstract Background- With the COVID-19 pandemic wreaking havoc across nations, several research projects are being carried out to study the propagation of the virus. In this study we have made an endeavour to analyse the spread of COVID-19 in the districts of India. Methods- Some districts in India have been much more a ected than the others. A cluster analysis of the worst a ected districts in India provide insight about the similarities between them. The e ects of public health interventions in flattening the curve in their respective states is studied using the individual contact SEIQHRF model. Results - The clustering of hotspot districts in India provide homogeneous clusters of districts that stand out in terms of number of positive COVID-19 cases and covariates like population density and number of COVID-19 special hospitals. The cluster analysis reveal that distribution of number of COVID-19 hospitals in the districts vary from the distribution of con rmed COVID-19 cases. The distribution of hospitals is much less skewed than the population density and COVID-19 cases. From the SEIQHRF model for Nizamuddin we observe in the second phase the number of infected individuals had seen a multitudinous increase in the states where Nizamuddin attendees returned. Thereby, increasing the risk of the disease spread in the respective states. However, the simulations reveal that the administrative interventions, if implemented strictly, flatten the curve of disease spread. In Dharavi however, as claimed by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation officials, through tracing, tracking, testing and treating, massive breakout of COVID-19 was also brought under control. Conclusions - The study rounds up with two important case studies on Nizamuddin basti and Dharavi slum to illustrate the growth curve of COVID-19 in two very densely populated regions in India. In the case of Nizamuddin, the attendees of the religious events who went back to their respective states, increased the risk of infection manifold. However, Dharavi was one of the few COVID-19 success stories. Through strict testing, treating, tracking and tracing large-scale COVID-19 infection was brought under control.

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