Gender Pay Gap in India: A Reality and the Way Forward—An Empirical Approach Using Quantile Regression Technique

There is a growing body of empirical work on gender studies that mostly focus on the gender-wise representation of individuals in different sectors. One such study is the wage gap attributed to gender. In this article, we have tried to focus on a detailed study of the gender wage gap in the Indian context. The study was carried out on the most recent Employment–Unemployment Survey carried out by NSS for the year 2012. The study was based on the personal characteristics as well as the characteristics of the job undertaken by the employees. Ordinary least square regression and linear quartile regression model were used for analysis. In our study we have come up with a few interesting determinants of wage inequality based mostly on the personal traits. For women, personal characteristic like age was highly significant determinant of wage whereas in case of men more industry specific determinants were significant. JEL Classifications: C01, C10, J16, J31

Tacit knowledge transfer in coopetition

Journal of Strategy and Management ◽

10.1108/jsma-07-2016-0047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 453-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Swarup Kumar Dutta

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Tacit Knowledge ◽

Least Square ◽

Service Firms ◽

Content Type ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Tacit Knowledge Transfer ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Empirical Context

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how firms affiliated to business groups (BGs) are able to improve their innovation capability (IC) when engaged in coopetition (collaboration between competing firms). This study aims to explore the relationship between coopetitive relationship strength (CRS), the extent of tacit knowledge transfer (TKT) and IC as well as examine the moderating effect of both BG affiliation and coopetitive experience. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines inter-firm relationships within the empirical context of Indian manufacturing and service firms, by adopting (ordinary least square) regression analysis to test the various hypotheses. The central thesis is that the TKT in coopetition constitutes an important driver to the IC. Findings The paper provides some evidence that inter-firm CRS influences the extent of TKT, and the extent of TKT affects firm IC. The results support that firms in coopetition gain more if their coopetitive partner has a BG affiliation. In absence of a BG affiliation of any of the coopetitive partners, the buildup of TKT reduces as CRS is increased. Research limitations/implications Additional large-sample of data may attempt to validate relationships. The study, however, did not consider all enablers that are critical for TKT. Despite these limitations, analysis provides important and novel perspectives. Practical implications The paper contributes to develop executives’ practices in understanding potential benefits of coopetitive relationship. The implications of this research are important for managers seeking understanding of the management of coopetition. Originality/value The paper makes a modest attempt to investigate the various scenarios of the presence or absence of the moderation of BGs and its impact on CRS in the buildup of TKT. This is the first attempt to link coopetition to the TKT in the BG literature. This study also contributes to our understanding of coopetition in a non-western context.

Users’ perception of cybersecurity, trust and cloud computing providers’ performance

Information and Computer Security ◽

10.1108/ics-09-2020-0153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Hongjiang Xu ◽

Sakthi Mahenthiran

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Least Square ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Computing Literature

Purpose This study aims to develop a scale to measure the cloud provider’s performance and it investigates the factors that impact that performance from the users’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a research framework, develops hypotheses and conducts a survey to test the framework. Findings The results from both ordinary least square regression and structural equation modeling analyzes indicate that information technology complexity negatively and significantly affects users’ perception of the cloud computing providers’ performance. Additionally, the trust in the supervisor significantly enhances the otherwise insignificant positive relationship between providers’ cybersecurity capability and users’ perception of their providers’ performance. Originality/value The research makes important contributions to the cloud computing literature, as it measures users’ perception of the cloud computing provider’s performance and links it with cybersecurity, technical complexity and incorporates both the trust in the client firm’s supervisor and the strength of cybersecurity offered by cloud computing provider.

THE ROLE OF HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION IN EGG CONSUMPTION IN THE OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v28i1.2070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

A. B. AYANWALE ◽

J. O. AJETOMOBI

Keyword(s):

Demand Function ◽

Household Composition ◽

Least Square ◽

Function Parameter ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

University Community

This paper exainîned the role of household composition in egg cunsumption in Obafemi Awolowo University Community. An Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to obtain at-home demand function parameter estimates for egg. Positive and signiflcant relationship was found between quantity of eggs consumed and both household size and the age of children. A 1% increase in each of the variables would cause a 4.68% and 5.71 % increase in egg consumption respectively. The need for education of the household on the importance of egg consumption and keeping an optimum family size was suggested based on the findings of the study.

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL EXPERTISE ON COMPENSATION AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS TURNOVER

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING ◽

10.30871/jama.v2i1.718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64

Author(s):

Danar Irianto ◽

Nuranisa Anugerah

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Least Square ◽

Graduate Degree ◽

Board Size ◽

Post Graduate ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Least Square Regression ◽

Financial Expertise ◽

Financial Company

This research aims to explains association between financial expertise of directors to directors compensation and directors turnover of Indonesia non financial company in 2011-2012. Using ordinary least square regression we used four variables to define financial expertise of directors: age of the directors, tenure of the directors, the post-graduate degree (MBA), and the accounting certification (CPA). However, this study found no association financial expertise to compensation and directors turnover. We hope this study can contributes to financial expertise, compensation, and turnover literature. We also provide implications for companies in determining the compensation of directors based on financial expertise. Further research can be improve by add new variabel such as complexcity and board size.

A high-resolution global runoff estimate based on GIS and an empirical runoff coefficient

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1238-1260

Author(s):

Shumin Liang ◽

Richard Greene

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Empirical Formula ◽

Least Square ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Runoff Volume ◽

Total Runoff ◽

High Resolution Map ◽

Runoff Depth ◽

Abstract This paper reviews 110 years of global runoff estimation. By employing the method of ordinary least square regression on a sample region's runoff coefficient, an empirical formula of a runoff coefficient is calculated for China. Based on this empirical formula applied with a high-resolution grid of precipitation, runoff is calculated resulting in an equally high-resolution map of global runoff using a geographic information system (GIS). The main results are (1) the global total runoff volume is 47,884 km3, (2) the average runoff depth is 359 mm, (3) the interior drainage region's runoff volume is 1,663 km3, and (4) the average runoff depth is 58.4 mm. The results are compared with the results of the existing literature on global runoff. This study emphasizes the importance of runoff and groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions where the estimation value of runoff depth is significantly increased.

Examining the Decision to Opt In versus Opt Out of Section 107 of the JOBS Act of 2012: Determinants and Consequences

Accounting and Finance Research ◽

10.5430/afr.v8n2p108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Jason Bergner ◽

Marcus R. Brooks ◽

Binod Guragai

Keyword(s):

Earnings Management ◽

Transition Period ◽

Accounting Standards ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Least Square ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Big 4 ◽

Opt Out ◽

Jobs Act

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (hereafter, JOBS Act) creates a new category of firms, referred to as “Emerging Growth Companies” (hereafter, EGCs). Section 107 of the JOBS Act, titled “Opt-In Right for EGCs,” gives EGCs the choice to take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an EGC can choose to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Using a logistic regression approach with hand-collected data, we examine the underlying firm characteristics associated with EGCs’ choice of opting in or out of the accounting standards exemption, as provided by Section 107 of the JOBS Act. Using additional ordinary least square regression analyses, we further examine whether the choice of opting in or out is associated with earnings management and financial statement restatement behavior. Our results suggest that EGC firms designated as “smaller reporting companies” are more likely to choose to delay the adoption of a new or revised accounting standard (i.e., opt in). Our findings also show that EGCs that employ Big 4 auditors are more likely to opt out. We further find that EGCs that choose to opt out are less likely to engage in earnings management behavior, proxied by the absolute value of abnormal accruals, and are less likely to restate their financial statements. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGCs that choose to opt out of Section 107 produce higher quality financial statements.

Bike-Sharing Systems in Poland

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092458 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2458 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tomasz Bieliński ◽

Agnieszka Kwapisz ◽

Agnieszka Ważna

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Least Square ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Least Square Regression ◽

Bike Sharing ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Mode Of Transportation ◽

Per Capita ◽

Urban Characteristics

Bike-sharing is widely recognized as an eco-friendly mode of transportation and seen as one of the solutions to the problem of air pollution and congestion. As there is little research exploring the performance of bicycle-sharing systems (BSS), many municipal authorities invest in their development without knowledge of their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify factors that correlate with BSS performance. Data related to BSS and urban characteristics were collected for the 56 cities in Poland, which is the population of BSS systems in this country. The Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to estimate the model. Additionally, to support our findings, a survey of 3631 cyclists was conducted. Our main findings show that BSS performance was positively related to cities’ population, tourism, number of bike stations per capita, congestion, bicycle pathways’ length and higher temperature, and negatively related to precipitation. We have also found that one BSS operator was more effective compared to the others.

MENGETAHUI PENGARUH KINERJA ISLAM TERHADAP MOTIVASI ISLAM, KOMITMEN ISLAM, DAN PELATIHAN ISLAM PADA KARYAWAN PT. ASURANSI TAKAFUL KELUARGA DI JAKARTA

Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan ◽

10.20473/vol6iss201911pp2252-2271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2252

Author(s):

Yoga Dwi Anugrahadi ◽

Ari Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Least Square ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Study Find ◽

Islamic Financial Institutions ◽

Spss Software ◽

Takaful Insurance

The bacground of this research is that employees who work at Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) get problem both in quantitiy and quality of human resources. This study aims to analyse variables of human resource in Islamic perspective, such as Islamic motivation, Islamic commitment, Islamic training, and Islamic performance. This study used total 64 employees for random sampling observations and using Ordinary Least Square Regression analysis model with SPSS software. Data collection using questionnaire with Linkert scale 1 to 4. This study find partially that Islamic motivation and Islamic commitment are negatively related to Islamic performance, but Islamic training significantly related to Islamic performance. But, this research find that three variables simultanously related together to Islamic performance. Although Islamic training just has influence Islamic performance, therefore Islamic motivation and commitment have positive value in linier regression but in small value.Keywords: Islamic motivation, Islamic commitment, Islamic training, PT. Family Takaful Insurance

Effect of Capital Structure on the Profitability of Listed Insurance Firms in Nigeria

American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research ◽

10.46545/aijefr.v1i2.164 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-45

Keyword(s):

Capital Structure ◽

Least Square ◽

Short Term ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Least Square Regression ◽

Multiple Regression Technique ◽

Insurance Firms ◽

This study examined the effect of capital structure on profitability of listed insurance firms in Nigeria for the period 2013-2017 The study used correlation research design. The source of data which were collected from the published annual financial reports of studies listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of the 28 listed insurance firms. The sample size was fifteen (15) listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of OLS multiple regression technique. Using 75 firm-year paneled observations, the result of the ordinary least square regression showed that short-term debt has a negative and significant effect on the profitability of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. In addition, long-term debt has a positive and significant effect on profitability. Finally, premium growth has positively significant effect on profitability of listed insurance firms. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of listed insurance firms should strive towards having optimum capital structure by increasing their equity level and reducing dependence on debts so as to avoid being cash strapped and debt ridden.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques ◽

IMPACT OF JOB INSECURITY ON THE ABILITY OF EMPLOYEES’ TO MEET SET TARGETS IN POLARIS BANK PLC, GWAGWALADA, ABUJA

10.48028/iiprds/ijirsssmt.v8.i1.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 92-104

Author(s):

Nana Bature ◽

◽

Theresa Ndulue ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Retirement ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Primary Source ◽

Least Square ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Least Square Regression ◽

This study examined the effects of job insecurity on the ability of employees to meet set targets in Polaris Bank Plc, Gwagwalada, Abuja.The study investigated how fear of unexpected sack, perceived powerlessness about employees’ job and fear of early retirement affect the ability of employees to meet set targets in Polaris Bank Plc, Gwagwalada, Abuja. The survey research design was used in the study and data was collected from primary source with the use of questionnaire. The Ordinary Least Square regression technique was the statistical tool used to test the hypotheses of the study. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between job insecurity and the ability of employees to meet set targets in Polaris Bank Plc, Gwagwalada, Abuja. The study recommends that the management of the bank should ensure that employees are not treated as mere ‘use and dump slaves’ but as dignified workforce with feelings and emotions. The study concludes that fear of unexpected sack; perceived powerlessness about employees’ job has a positive significant effect on the ability of employees to meet set targets in Polaris Bank Plc, Gwagwalada, Abuja.