scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RETURN TO SPORT AFTER INJURY (ACL-RSI) SCALE WITHIN PEDIATRIC ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0003
Author(s):  
Elliot Greenberg ◽  
Miranda Dabbous ◽  
Anne Leung ◽  
Gabriella Marinaccio ◽  
Benjamin Ruley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and surgical reconstruction in youth athletes is increasing. In the United States, most athletes elect to undergo ACL reconstruction (ACLR), with the goal of returning to their previous level of athletic performance. Although surgery and rehabilitation address the underlying impairments in knee stability and function, recent literature indicates psychological or emotional factors, such as fear or confidence, may be contributing factors limiting successful return to play. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) is a 12-item scale designed to assess an athlete’s psychological readiness to return to sports across three separate domains (emotions, confidence in performance and risk appraisal). In adults, the ACL-RSI is reliable and valid, and several studies have documented that athletes with higher scores are more likely to successfully return to their pre-injury level of sports participation. The predictive abilities of this scale, have led many experts to advocate for the ACL-RSI to be used as part of rehabilitation guidelines, in order to identify those athletes that may benefit from a modified course of post-operative rehabilitation or additional emotional or psychological support. Although the information from the ACL-RSI is valuable in adults, the utility of this scale has never been explored within the pediatric population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of the ACL-RSI within the pediatric population and establish normative values among healthy children. Hypothesis: As all of these subjects were currently healthy, we hypothesized that mean scores should demonstrate a positive skew towards higher levels of confidence (ceiling effect) with values of 80-100 on each question. Methods: A group of 84 healthy, youth athletes between the ages of 8-14, completed the ACL-RSI. All subjects were currently involved in competitive sports at the time of participation. The athletes were instructed to complete the 12-item ACL-RSI questionnaire and were able to seek assistance from parents as necessary. Each item is scored on a scale ranging from 0-100 and a total score is calculated from summing all responses and expressing them a percentage of 100%. Higher scores indicate a greater degree of athletic confidence or more positive psychological response to injury. Mean and variability measures for each question and total score were calculated and compared to existing literature. Results: A total of 83 subjects (mean age 11.1 ± 1.2) completed the questionnaire in full. There were slightly more females (n=46, 54.8%) than males. The majority of participants were White (70%), African American (13%) or more than one race (10%). The most frequent primary sport was soccer (38%), followed by baseball (27%) and basketball (26%). The mean ACL-RSI score for the entire sample was 79.9 (SD 14.1). Individual question analysis revealed lower than expected mean scores (<80%) with large standard deviations for 7 out of 12 questions. (Table 1) With the exception of only question #1 and #12, responses demonstrated such large variability that both the maximum and minimum (0-100) scores were selected, indicating both ceiling and floor effects. (Table 1) Conclusions/Significance: The mean ACL-RSI score (79.9) within this group of uninjured pediatric athletes was similar to previous values for post-ACLR adults that successfully return to sports. However, it was surprising that the mean score wasn’t higher, as this was a healthy population of un-injured youth athletes, and we hypothesized that our data would demonstrate a positive skew towards the upper range of this scale. Response ranges including 0 (indicating either high fear or severe lack of confidence) within nearly all questions was unexpected. Additionally, there were particularly low mean scores and high variability within 7 of the 12 questions. All of these factors raise the suspicion that children may not fully comprehend the material or have difficulty interpreting the response system of the ACL-RSI and thus calls into question the validity of this scale in youth athletes. Similar to other research efforts that have modified adult outcome scales to be utilized within the pediatric population, our results support further exploration of the utility of the ACL-RSI within pediatric athletes and may possibly suggest that a pediatric specific version should be created. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Arabic Version of the Short Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury Scale: Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Validation

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712110665
Author(s):  
Msaad Alzhrani ◽  
Hosam Alzahrani ◽  
Yasir S. Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: The short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale is a self-reported questionnaire developed to assess the psychological readiness of patients to return to sports after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the short version of the ACL-RSI scale into the Arabic language (ACL-RSI-Ar). Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The original short version of the ACL-RSI scale was forward and backward translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated following international standardized guidelines. Sixty patients who participated in sports activities and underwent ACLR completed the ACL-RSI-Ar, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scales. To assess test-retest reliability, 34 participants completed the ACL-RSI-Ar scale twice. Statistical tests were conducted to test the internal consistency, reliability, and construct and discriminant validity of the ACL-RSI-Ar scale. Results: The ACL-RSI-Ar showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.734) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.871). The ACL-RSI-Ar was strongly correlated with the IKDC (Spearman ρ = 0.515, P < .001) and weakly to strongly correlated with all KOOS subscales (Spearman ρ = 0.247-0.590, P < .05). Patients who returned to sports had significantly higher scores on the ACL-RSI-Ar scale when compared with those who did not return to sports ( P = .001). Conclusion: The short ACL-RSI-Ar scale, as translated, was internally consistent, reliable, and valid for evaluating psychological readiness to return to sports after ACLR in Arabic-speaking patients.

scholarly journals HOP TEST AS A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTION OF INJURIES IN FOOTBALLERS DURING PRESEASON

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0004
Author(s):  
F García-Bol ◽  
V Posada-Franco ◽  
A Roldán-Valero ◽  
R Del Caño-Espinel
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Hop Tests (unipodal horizontal jumps) have been recommended as one of the reliable assessment tests when allowing a return to competition for a sportsperson after an anterior cruciate ligament injury1,2,3,4. Currently, comparison is made of the results with the contralateral limb through the symmetry index, a method which might not provide sufficient security upon the return to competitive sport5. Hop tests can be used in preseason to gain reference values prior to a possible injury. The objective of this review is to analise the scientific literature such as the F-Marc6 (reference manual of FIFA) to confirm whether include said tests in preseason for football teams. A search was conducted in the Pubmed y Cochrane databases (17/04/17) with the search terms “Hop Test”, “Football”, “Soccer”, and “Preseason”. Articles in English and Spanish were both accepted. Articles excluded were those that did not make reference to the knee, to football, and those that did not conduct tests during preseason. From a total of 33 articles, 4 with these search criteria were included, 5 articles were added trough the bibliography of other studies, and the F-Marc manual was analised. 4 of the articles used the hop tests in preseason for some type of study, of which 3 were used as part of a prospective assessment for the season. On the other hand, the F-Marc does not consider Hop Tests as an assessment test. Hop tests were not found to be used in preseason as reference values prior to possible future injuries, data which could be beneficial for a safe return to sport. Harris J, Abrams G, Bach B, Williams D, Heidloff D, Bush-Joseph C, Verma N, Forsythe B, Cole B. Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction. ORTHOPEDICS. 2014; 37: e103-e108. Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR. Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011 Dec;27(12):1697-705. Thomeé R, Kaplan Y, Kvist J, Myklebust G, Risberg MA, Theisen D, Tsepis E, Werner S, Wondrasch B, Witvrouw E. Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 Nov;19(11):1798-805. Bolgla LA, Keskula DR. Reliability of lower extremity functional performance tests. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997 Sep;26(3):138-42. Wellsandt E, Failla MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Limb Symmetry Indexes Can Overestimate Knee Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Mar 29:1-18. F-MARC. Football Medicine Manual. 2nd Edition. Available from: http://f-marc.com . 2017.

scholarly journals Bioaugmentation in the surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A review of current concepts and emerging techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212092105
Author(s):  
Austin MacFarland Looney ◽  
Joseph Daniel Leider ◽  
Andrew Ryan Horn ◽  
Blake Michael Bodendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament are among the most common athletic injuries, and are the most common involving the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament is a key translational and rotational stabilizer of the knee joint during pivoting and cutting activities. Traditionally, surgical intervention in the form of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been recommended for those who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament rupture and wish to remain active and return to sport. The intra-articular environment of the anterior cruciate ligament makes achieving successful healing following repair challenging. Historically, results following repair were poor, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction emerged as the gold-standard for treatment. While earlier literature reported high rates of return to play, the results of more recent studies with longer follow-up have suggested that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may not be as successful as once thought: fewer athletes are able to return to sport at their preinjury level, and many still go on to develop osteoarthritis of the knee at a relatively younger age. The four principles of tissue engineering (cells, growth factors, scaffolds, and mechanical stimuli) combined in various methods of bioaugmentation have been increasingly explored in an effort to improve outcomes following surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Newer technologies have also led to the re-emergence of anterior cruciate ligament repair as an option for select patients. The different biological challenges associated with anterior cruciate ligament repair and reconstruction each present unique opportunities for targeted bioaugmentation strategies that may eventually lead to better outcomes with better return-to-play rates and fewer revisions.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Psychological Readiness to Return to Sports With Cutting, Pivoting, and Jump-Landings After Primary ACL Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712096448
Author(s):  
Junya Aizawa ◽  
Kenji Hirohata ◽  
Shunsuke Ohji ◽  
Takehiro Ohmi ◽  
Hideyuki Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Primary Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Jump Landings

Background: High psychological readiness is an important element for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Identifying factors that contribute to psychological readiness is essential for planning interventions to return to play. No studies have used multivariate analysis to clarify factors associated with psychological readiness to return to specific sports. Hypothesis: To identify factors that contribute to an athlete’s psychological readiness to return after ACL reconstruction to sports that require cutting, pivoting, and jump-landings. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Study participants were athletes who before injury had participated in sports with limited contact that required cutting, pivoting, and jump-landings (basketball, soccer, futsal, volleyball, badminton, tennis, and frisbee) and hoped to return to the same sport after reconstruction. Psychological readiness was measured using the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) in athletes more than 6 months after primary ACL reconstruction. To clarify factors associated with the ACL-RSI, univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed using the following independent variables: age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to reconstruction, time from reconstruction to testing, meniscal surgery, modified Tegner activity scale before injury, kinesiophobia, limb symmetry index of knee strength, limb symmetry indices of single-leg hop (SLH) distances, and subjective running ability. Results: Higher subjective running ability, a lower kinesiophobia score, and greater limb symmetry in the lateral SLH were positively associated with psychological readiness. Conclusion: The psychological readiness of athletes aiming to return after ACL reconstruction to limited-contact sports that require cutting, pivoting, and jump-landings was affected by subjective running ability, kinesiophobia, and asymmetry of lateral SLH distance. This information may be useful in planning appropriate interventions and thereby increasing the likelihood of an athlete’s returning to such sports.

scholarly journals How Much Do Psychological Factors Affect Lack of Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596711984531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict U. Nwachukwu ◽  
Joshua Adjei ◽  
Ryan C. Rauck ◽  
Jorge Chahla ◽  
Kelechi R. Okoroha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Variables affecting return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are multifactorial. The nonphysical factors germane to successful return to play (RTP) are being increasingly recognized. Purpose: To (1) evaluate the available evidence base for psychological factors relating to RTP after ACLR, (2) identify psychological factors affecting RTP after ACLR, and (3) understand currently available metrics used to assess psychological RTP readiness. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A review of the MEDLINE database was performed for studies reporting RTP after ACLR. Studies reporting on the psychological determinants of RTP were included. Demographic, methodological, and psychometric properties of the included studies were extracted. Weighted analysis was performed after patients were pooled across included studies. Results: Of 999 studies identified in the initial search, 28 (2.8%) studies, comprising 2918 patients, were included; 19 studies (n = 2175 patients) reported RTP rates. The mean time for RTP was 17.2 months. There was a 63.4% rate of RTP, and 36.6% of patients returning to sport were not able to perform at their prior level of play. Of the 795 patients who did not achieve RTP, 514 (64.7%) cited a psychological reason for not returning. Fear of reinjury was the most common reason (n = 394; 76.7%); other psychological factors included lack of confidence in the treated knee (n = 76; 14.8%), depression (n = 29; 5.6%), and lack of interest/motivation (n = 13; 2.5%). The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the ACL–Return to Sport after Injury scale, and the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale were reported measures for assessing the influence of psychology on RTP. Conclusion: Psychological factors play an important role in RTP after ACLR. Among studies evaluating the impact of psychology on RTP, there was a delay in returning as well as lower RTP rates compared with the previously reported normative literature. Fear of reinjury was the most commonly reported impediment to RTP. The psychosocial measures identified in this review may have a role in RTP protocols for assessing mental resiliency; however, their roles need to be further investigated and validated in patients who have undergone ACLR.

scholarly journals Optimizing Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Soccer Players: an Evidence Based Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian FORELLI ◽  
Clément SANSONNET ◽  
Steeve CHIAPOLINI ◽  
Jean MAZEAS ◽  
Amaury VANDEBROUCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is currently a main issue in all of sports communities. Although the number of ACL injuries in football remains low, it&rsquo;s consequences on both professional and personal lives remain a major concern of rehabilitation. If practitioners often require more time to bring athletes in the best condition, the fact remains that this concept of time before return to sport is nowadays considered as obsolete. Indeed, the better understanding of the mechanisms of lesion and the strains placed on the graft after reconstruction, allow us to establish a personalized program based on clinical criteria and the patient's objectives. The current scientific literature allows us today to optimize the return to play and performance by the use of neuromotor and neurocognitive approaches, muscle strengthening methods and a preventive program necessary to cover the previous level of the players while taking into account physiological and psychological changes due to ACL reconstruction. Indeed, it is important to have a systemic approach centered on the patient, the sports movement, as close as possible to the field in order to find an optimal function of the knee in interaction with its environment.If there is a risk of reinjury of the ACL, it appears important to be able to identify the risk factors so that the player can return to play in optimal conditions.

scholarly journals When Is It Safe to Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction? Reviewing the Criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Kaplan ◽  
Erik Witvrouw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context: There is an ever-increasing trend toward sports, fitness, and recreation activities, so the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament sports injuries has increased. Perhaps the greatest challenge for sports clinicians is to return the injured athlete back to his/her original sport at an even greater level of functional ability than preinjury. For this, rigorous and well-researched criteria are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Using medical subject headings and free-text words, an electronic search was conducted up to October 2018. Subject-specific search was based on the terms return to play and return to sport in combination with guidelines, criteria, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: Five principal criteria were found, including psychological factors, performance/functional tests, strength tests, time, and modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Conclusion: The psychological readiness of the player is a major factor in successful safe return to sport (SRTS) decision making. Although strength, performance, and functional tests presently form the mainstay of SRTS criteria, there exists very little scientific evidence for their validity. More protection should be provided to athletes with known risk factors. Movement quality is important, if not more important than the quantifiable measures. As a result of the significantly high rerupture rate in young individuals, delayed SRTS should be considered preferably beyond 9 months postsurgery.

Return to sport testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has marginal psychological impact: a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Daphne I Ling ◽  
Theresa A Chiaia ◽  
Polly deMille ◽  
Robert G Marx
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesThe psychological and physical recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) may or may not occur in parallel. A common scenario is the uninformed athlete who lacks awareness of physical deficiencies and returns to sport prematurely. There is increasing evidence that most patients do not meet return to play criteria at 6 months and physical deficits may still persist 1 year after surgery. We hypothesise that a Quality of Movement Assessment for Return to Sport (QMA-RTS) testing programme may have a negative impact on athletes’ perception of psychological readiness to return.MethodsA total of 30 athletes who had ACLR and underwent the QMA-RTS 4–10 months after ACLR were recruited. They were randomised to one of two groups that both completed a baseline ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale before their QMA-RTS appointment. In the intervention group, participants completed a second ACL-RSI after the QMA-RTS. In the control group, participants completed their second survey before the session. The mean difference in scores between the two groups was compared using an independent samples t-test.ResultsThe groups were balanced for sex (9/15 female), mean age (16 years) and average time since surgery (6 months). The baseline ACL-RSI scores were not statistically different between groups (4.6 (95% CI −10.6 to 19.8), p=0.54). In the controls, there was an increase in scores (+4.4) between the first and second surveys, while there was a decrease in the intervention group (−3.4). This difference between groups was not statistically significant (7.8 (95% CI −1.7 to 17.3), p=0.10).ConclusionsThe QMA-RTS programme did not significantly reduce patients’ mean scores on the ACL-RSI compared with controls. The limited effect on psychological responses may be due to the athletes’ self-awareness of their physical deficits at 6 months after ACLR.Level of evidenceLevel II, randomised controlled trial.

scholarly journals Return to Play After Patellar Tendon Autograft for Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Rugby Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110004
Author(s):  
Eoghan T. Hurley ◽  
Dan Withers ◽  
Enda King ◽  
Andrew Franklyn-Miller ◽  
Mark Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Mean Time

Background: There is scant literature on outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rugby players, and no prior study has evaluated the outcomes of bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft ACL reconstruction. Purpose: To assess the rate of return to play, the timing of that return, and the subsequent graft reinjury rate among rugby players after ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft. Methods: The ACL registry at a single hospital was screened for professional and amateur rugby players who had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft. Professional rugby players were those playing for one of the professional provincial teams in Ireland. Outcomes were analyzed for the rate and timing of return to play, functional outcomes, and subsequent graft ruptures. Additionally, outcomes were compared between professional and amateur athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Results: A total of 126 patients with 24 months of follow-up were enrolled. The overall rate of return to play was 84.9%, with 75.4% returning to the same level of play; 8.7% of patients did not return to play secondary to non–knee-related issues. The mean time to return was 10.9 ± 4.9 months. Among professional rugby players, 93.3% were able to return at a mean time of 9.7 ± 4.4 months; 80% returned to the same level. The mean Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport after Injury score was 78.4 ± 20.2, the Cincinnati knee score was 92.5 ± 8.0, the International Knee Documentation Committee score was 88.2 ± 8.1, and the Marx score was 9.7 ± 5.3. Two patients sustained a subsequent rerupture of the reconstructed ACL, and 4 players sustained a contralateral ACL injury within the follow-up interval of 2 years. Conclusion: Rugby players receiving BTB ACL reconstruction demonstrated good clinical outcomes with a high rate of return to sport, with the majority returning before 12 months. The rate of a subsequent ACL injury was low among the authors’ cohort at short-term follow-up.

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