scholarly journals Global Disparities Between Pediatric Publications and Disease Burden From 2006 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1983129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Keating ◽  
Heather Haq ◽  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Kirk A. Dearden ◽  
Samuel A. Luboga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Childhood Disease ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

There is a disproportionate burden of pediatric disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, the proportion and relation of published articles to childhood disease burden in LMICs have not been assessed previously. This study aimed to determine whether published articles and disease topics from research conducted in LMICs in the most widely cited pediatric journals reflected the global burden of childhood disease. We reviewed all articles published from 2006 to 2015 in the 3 pediatric journals with the highest Eigenfactor scores to identify studies conducted in the World Bank–designated LMICs. We abstracted study topic, design, purpose, country, and funding sources. We derived descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact χ2 test, Monte Carlo estimates, and Spearman’s rank order coefficients. Of the 19 676 articles reviewed, 10 494 were original research articles. Of those, 965 (9.2%) were conducted in LMICs. Over the study period, the proportion of published articles originating from LMICs increased ( r2 = 0.77). Disease topics did not reflect the underlying burden of disease as measured in disability-adjusted life years (Spearman’s rank order coefficient = 0.25). Despite bearing the majority of the world’s burden of disease, articles from LMICs made up a small proportion of all published articles in the 3 pediatric journals with the highest Eigenfactor scores. The number of published articles from LMICs increased over the study period; nevertheless, the topics did not coincide with the burden of disease in LMICs. These discrepancies highlight the need for development of a research agenda to address the diseases that are the greatest threat to the majority of children worldwide.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals Global Burden of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Katan ◽  
Andreas Luft
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Life Years Lost

AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are affected by stroke in low- and middle-income countries. Ischemic stroke is more frequent but hemorrhagic stroke is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost. Incidence and mortality of stroke differ between countries, geographical regions, and ethnic groups. In high-income countries mainly, improvements in prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation have led to a substantial decrease in the burden of stroke over the past 30 years. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical data concerning stroke incidence and burden around the globe.

Injury prevention and control

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-376
Author(s):  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
And Control

Injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability throughout the world and contribute disproportionately to premature life lost. Injury rates are highest among middle- and low-income countries. According to analyses of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease data, injuries cause over 4.6 million deaths per year, accounting for nearly 8.4% of all deaths and 10.7% of disability-adjusted life years. Many opportunities to implement injury prevention strategies exist, and a systematic approach to injury prevention can help identify the most effective and efficient approaches. Building capacity for injury prevention activities in low- and middle-income countries is an important public health priority.

scholarly journals Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
jianxue Zhai ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Xiguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is the 10th leading cancer in US but given limited research attention. This study aimed to investigate the esophageal cancer disease burden more comprehensively in US. Methods: Having retrieved states-categorized data on esophageal cancer incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years from the Global Burden of Disease study online resource, the current trends on esophageal cancer disease burden attributed to different risk factors and their relationship with economic status were analyzed using age-standardized rate and the estimated annual percentage change.Results: In US, the esophageal cancer age-standardized rate of incidence has been stable but age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years trended to decreased with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.237% and -0.471% from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardized rate of incidence was higher in males than in females, but both didn’t increase, so as age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years. The largest increase in age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years was observed in Oklahoma, whereas the largest decrease was seen in the District of Columbia. Age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years contributed to high BMI or diet low in fruits were growing. per capita disposable personal income trended to negatively correlated with estimated annual percentage changes of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years.Conclusions: The esophageal cancer disease burden in US decreased from 1990 to 2017 but was heavier in males than in females, and increased in economically weaker states and populations with high BMI and low-fruit diet.

Global evidence generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Adesola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Evidence Generation

Disparities in the distribution of neurological and mental health disorders (NMHD) in different regions of the world can provide clues on the putative risk factors while providing basis for intervention strategies. This chapter utilizes the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) data and the disability adjusted life years (DALY) calculations in the different World Health Organization (WHO) regions to adduce reasons for the peculiarities observed. The focus is on the most common NMHD, particularly those for which preventive strategies are likely to result in improved health outcomes for the majority of those affected. In this regard, stroke, epilepsy, and depressive disorders have been given special attention because of their high societal impact and the extensive studies from different regions. Dementia deserves special mention in view of its looming epidemic in low and middle income countries (LMICs), while its burden is lessening in high income countries (HICs) due to appropriate interventions and higher education.

The epidemiology and pathophysiology of coronary artery disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
Robert A. Henderson ◽  
Leong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Premature Death ◽  
Western World ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Artery Disease

Advances in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) have led to significant improvements in prognosis and quality of life, but globally CHD remains a leading cause of premature death and disability. In 2001 CHD was responsible for 11.8% of all deaths in low- and middle-income countries and 17.3% in high-income countries, accounting for over 7 million deaths worldwide. By 2020 CHD is projected to be the leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years, reflecting a rapidly increasing prevalence in developing countries and Eastern Europe, and the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes in the Western world.

scholarly journals How do world and European standard populations impact burden of disease studies? A case study of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. A. Wyper ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
Eilidh Fletcher ◽  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Colin Fischbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
European Standard Population ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are an established method for quantifying population health needs and guiding prioritisation decisions. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates aim to ensure comparability between countries and over time by using age-standardised rates (ASR) to account for differences in the age structure of different populations. Different standard populations are used for this purpose but it is not widely appreciated that the choice of standard may affect not only the resulting rates but also the rankings of causes of DALYs. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the choice of standard, using the example of Scotland. Methods DALY estimates were derived from the 2016 Scottish Burden of Disease (SBoD) study for an abridged list of 68 causes of disease/injury, representing a three-year annual average across 2014–16. Crude DALY rates were calculated using Scottish national population estimates. DALY ASRs standardised using the GBD World Standard Population (GBD WSP) were compared to those using the 2013 European Standard Population (ESP2013). Differences in ASR and in rank order within the cause list were summarised for all-cause and for each individual cause. Results The ranking of causes by DALYs were similar using crude rates or ASR (ESP2013). All-cause DALY rates using ASR (GBD WSP) were around 26% lower. Overall 58 out of 68 causes had a lower ASR using GBD WSP compared with ESP2013, with the largest falls occurring for leading causes of mortality observed in older ages. Gains in ASR were much smaller in absolute scale and largely affected causes that operated early in life. These differences were associated with a substantial change to the ranking of causes when GBD WSP was used compared with ESP2013. Conclusion Disease rankings based on DALY ASRs are strongly influenced by the choice of standard population. While GBD WSP offers international comparability, within-country analyses based on DALY ASRs should reflect local age structures. For European countries, including Scotland, ESP2013 may better guide local priority setting by avoiding large disparities occurring between crude and age-standardised results sets, which could potentially confuse non-technical audiences.

scholarly journals Gender inequality and the double burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e047388
Author(s):  
Mirte van der Ham ◽  
Renee Bolijn ◽  
Alcira de Vries ◽  
Maiza Campos Ponce ◽  
Irene G M van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Life Years

IntroductionMany low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) suffer from a double burden of infectious diseases (ID) and non-communicable diseases (NCD). Previous research suggests that a high rate of gender inequality is associated with a higher ID and NCD burden in LMIC, but it is unknown whether gender inequality is also associated with a double burden of disease. In this ecological study, we explored the association between gender inequality and the double burden of disease in LMIC.MethodsFor 108 LMIC, we retrieved the Gender Inequality Index (GII, scale 0–1) and calculated the double burden of disease, based on disability-adjusted life-years for a selection of relevant ID and NCD, using WHO data. We performed logistic regression analysis to study the association between gender inequality and the double burden of disease for the total population, and stratified for men and women. We adjusted for income, political stability, type of labour, urbanisation, government health expenditure, health infrastructure and unemployment. Additionally, we conducted linear regression models for the ID and NCD separately.ResultsThe GII ranged from 0.13 to 0.83. A total of 37 LMIC had a double burden of disease. Overall, the adjusted OR for double burden of disease was 1.05 per 0.01 increase of GII (95% CI 0.99 to 1.10, p=0.10). For women, there was a borderline significant positive association between gender inequality and double burden of disease (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11, p=0.06), while there was no association in men (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.04, p=0.75).ConclusionWe found patterns directing towards a positive association between gender inequality and double burden of disease, overall and in women. This finding suggests the need for more attention for structural factors underlying gender inequality to potentially reduce the double burden of disease.

scholarly journals Burden of disease methods: a guide to calculate COVID-19 disability-adjusted life years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Mark Andrew Wyper ◽  
Ricardo MA Assunção ◽  
Edoardo Colzani ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
Juanita A Haasgma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Our paper provides a step-by-step guide to define COVID-19 as a cause of disease burden, which can be used to calculate DALYs. Additionally, we suggest pragmatic data inputs, reflecting the availability and quality of data inputs will vary by country. As our paper provides suggestions for different solutions, we recommend that users should be clear about their methodological choices to aid comparisons and knowledge translation.

scholarly journals 1442The burden of COVID-19 in Australia in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynelle Moon ◽  
Anna Reynolds ◽  
Michelle Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background During 2020, there were nearly 28,500 cases of COVID-19 in Australia. Burden of disease estimates for COVID-19 have not been calculated for the Australian population. Burden of disease data on COVID-19 provide valuable information on the impact of the disease, including both fatal and non-fatal effects. Methods Burden of disease is measured using the summary measure disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). One DALY is 1 year of ‘healthy life’ lost due to illness (Years Lived with Disability) and/or death (Years of Life Lost)—the more DALYs associated with a disease or injury, the greater the burden. The analysis draws on Australian deaths, incidence and severity, as well as methods and other inputs developed in other countries reflecting current understanding about this new disease. Results There were over 8,300 DALYs lost due to COVID-19 in 2020 in Australia; 97% of the disease burden arose from fatal cases. Males lost an average of 10.7 years, and females 8.1 years, due to dying from COVID-19, using an aspirational life expectancy. The burden of disease estimates for Australia for COVID-19 are much lower than the leading diseases causing burden. Conclusions The relatively low burden for COVID-19 in Australia in 2020 compared to other diseases and other countries reflects the success Australia had in containing the virus. Key messages Most of the burden due to COVID-19 in Australia was fatal. Burden of disease estimates for COVID-19 in Australia for 2020 are much lower than the leading diseases.

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